全國中小學科展

三等獎

大紅斑與周邊擾動的糾葛

在本實驗中,我們亟欲了解木星大紅斑其周圍不穩定之形成機制,意即探討大紅斑渦旋本身與其周邊風切帶之互動情形。第一、我們討論了風切帶之形成:有別於前人研究,我們使用全球準地轉淺水模式,在準地轉平衡的狀態下,渦漩會逐漸合併並緯向延伸,最終得出行星風系條帶狀僅為低頻波所產生之效應,且自轉越快帶狀越明顯;第二、透過克希霍夫渦旋理論,大紅斑始終能保持橫向的橢圓形結構且長軸不會旋轉係因為風切帶之加速效應;第三、我們使用淺水模式進行模擬實驗,發現大紅斑之非對稱西側擾動形成原因有二:一為大紅斑對風切帶之加速,以及木星低緯度風速較快加上風切帶之間具有渦度梯度形成之正壓不穩定效果。二來緯度越低則行星渦度越低,慣性不穩定易形成,即力學能差異越大不穩定越易形成,而此部份我們也以水工實驗展示。

整數模n的加法組合設計之探討

將兩個相同的n角齒輪重疊後,再砍去若干個特定重合的角,欲使上層齒輪在繞公轉軸旋轉一圈的過程中,兩齒輪皆有重合的缺角,在這個目的之下探討砍去的角數量,使其最小化,將其最小值稱為n角齒輪的最小可行數,以符號記為f(n)。我的研究是考慮自然數 ,對於砍去角的位置,制訂設計方法,在數量上求得f(n)較好的上界與下界。我將這個問題代數化,運用集合與數列的概念進行研究,進而轉換為組合設計的最佳化問題。特別的,若齒輪中任意兩個缺角在圓周上的最短距離皆相異,則表示砍去重合角的位置為最緊緻的狀態,將這些特殊的缺角位置稱為完美集合,我也試著探討缺角為最緊緻的特殊情形,分析完美集合的存在性。

新型散熱模組浸沒式水冷之應用

科技不斷進步對 CPU 等電子設備有更高效的需求,而高效的運算也提高用電量及散熱的需要,這促使我們尋找增強熱通量和熱傳遞的方法。透過惰性介電流體直接對電子部件進行液體冷卻,已成為複雜電子系統中熱傳遞的解決方案之一。 浸沒式冷卻是將電子元件浸入介電流體中,透過介電流體的池沸騰和相變化將熱帶走,而介電流體由冷水循環冷凝回原系統。本研究旨在透過設計仿浸沒式水冷的機台,來探討它如何影響電子元件。加熱站模型是用電腦輔助設計軟體(Creo, AutoCAD)進行圖面設計,然後進行CNC加工製作而成,本文記錄測量效率的值並繪製圖表,以討論傳熱的速率。

Using Focused Ultrasound and Pulsed Ultrasound as a Solution to Viral Infection

Viruses Both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses conceal their membrane-penetrating peptide, usually within a glycoprotein of the virion membrane, inside the coat, or within the virion lumen. Cellular signals expose membrane-penetrating peptides that influence the virus during its entry. Instances of cellular signals regulating virus entry include receptors, enzymes, and substances like proteases, metal ions, and reducing agents. Recently, motor proteins or virus maturation have been seen to regulate virus entry through mechanical processes.

以機器學習增強無人機飛行準確度

無人機在進行定位時,多半是依靠內建GPS晶片與內建慣性測量單元(Inertial Measurement Unit, IMU)進行定位,然而高精度的IMU及GPS晶片受限於高成本無法在一般無人機上運行;此外,各種定位系統均有其適用範圍,若無人機運行於定位系統之適用環境外,其定位精確度會下降,進而導致無人機飛行時會與預期路線產生誤差。 在本研究中,我利用Webots模擬軟體進行無人機模擬,藉由無人機鏡頭所拍攝的連續兩幀圖片差異,產生差異與角度及距離間的關係資料集,並利用此資料集來訓練深度神經網路,將產生模型用以模型迴歸出連續圖片間的旋轉角度偏移量,以此偏移量輔助無人機進行飛行校正。 經過多次實驗與修改,我比較了幾種不同的資料處理與分類方法,找出當中最佳結果的機器學習模型後,將此模型套入模擬環境中輔助無人機飛行,使無人機飛行於複雜環境時,成功提升飛行準確度。

Wibrazz

Wibrazz is a wearable communication tool that allows the teacher, the therapist, the parent to communicate information to the child remotely using the device. Haptic (vibrationbased) feedback is becoming increasingly important in everyday life. A vibrating device that transmits information through clothing can help people with disabilities who have no or limited sensory use to live an integrated life in society without barriers.

Wibrazz

"Blindness keeps you from things, deafness keeps you from people" (Helen Keller) Wibrazz is a communication tool that can be placed inside sportswear. Two versions have been developed. The simpler one allows hearing-impaired footballers to compete in the league with other athletes. The referee is given an additional device to give a signal when he blows his whistle. The hearing-impaired footballer then senses the signal from the device he is wearing and knows that he must pay attention to the referee. The complex version speeds up communication between the coach and the players during training sessions. It allows the coach to send simple messages to his players using his smart device. The athlete senses the signal from the device and acts on what has been previously discussed (e.g. a long signal means, "Everyone come to me!") With over 70 million deaf people worldwide, and 2-4 out of 1000 people in the United States who are functionally deaf, this can affect an individual's mental and physical well-being, and it is therefore a pressing issue to provide these athletes with the means to develop their talents in a traditional team environment. In addition to the organisations within countries, the ICSD is present on the international stage. Their importance is demonstrated by the fact that the 2023 Deaf Football World Cup featured teams from countries such as the United States, Germany, England and Japan.

Flavored Nanofiber Strips Loaded with Amoxicillin as an Alternative Method for Treating Bacterial Infections in Children

Semisynthetic penicillin, Amoxicillin, is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is widely used to treat bacterial infections in children suffering ear, nose, and throat infections, genitourinary tract infections, skin infections, and lower respiratory tract infections1. This antibiotic works against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, such as Listeria monocytogenes, Haemophilus influenza, Streptococcus pneumonia , Streptococcus pyogene and Escherichia coli1,2. It shows antibacterial activity by inhibiting dd-transpeptidase, which maintains the integrity of the bacterial cell wall which results in bacterial cell death due to a fragile cell wall3. Nonadherence to medication was associated with 50% of drug-related hospitalizations in children4. In order to improve adherence and influence clinical outcome, it is important to acknowledge the importance of drug palatability to children4–6. The currently available liquid suspension form of this antibiotic is administered to patients through oral/GI routes. It is also available in capsules or tablets for adults7–9. In the gastrointestinal tract, the drug has to withstand variable pH conditions and enzymatic degradation , mucus and mucosal barriers to survive resulting in limiting drug bioavailability10,11. In addition to conventional drug delivery formulations, nanofibers can be used to deliver drugs orally, topically, and through buccal or transdermal routes12. Drug-loaded nanofibers offer many advantages as a delivery system, including their porous structure and their efficient delivery of various drugs and bioactive molecules including hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs12–14. Considering that amoxicillin palatability can affect children patients’ compliance and due to the advantages of both nanofiber drug delivery system and drug delivery through buccal routes, hence, this project aims to prepare flavored electrospun nanofibers loaded with amoxicillin to mask the unpleasant taste of the drug for treating children with bacterial infection. Nanofibers loaded with amoxicillin can be applied between the child's gum and cheek, allowing the fibers to dissolve in mucus and penetrate directly into the bloodstream.

Exploiting the beneficial role of Biochar and Titanium (Ti) as a Sustainable and Green Strategy for Improving Agricultural Output in Saudi Arabia: Wheat as an Using Wheat as a Model

The present research work aimed to assess the impact of biochar (BC) amendment (5%) and foliar supplementation of titanium (Ti) at a concentration of 50 mg L-1 TiO2 on the growth, chlorophyll content, and biochemical parameters of wheat (Triticum aestivum L). The results demonstrated significant improvements in several aspects of wheat physiology due to these treatments, both individually and in combination. Plant height, as well as fresh and dry weight of wheat, exhibited substantial increases when subjected to Ti and BC treatments, with the highest enhancements observed in plants treated with both Ti and BC. Furthermore, chlorophyll content, including chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophylls, and carotenoids, showed marked increases in response to individual Ti and BC treatments, with even greater improvements when both treatments were combined. In terms of biochemical parameters, the content of proline, sugars, and free amino acids significantly increased in plants grown in soils amended with BC. Additionally, foliar Ti treatment led to elevated levels of these biochemical constituents. The combined treatment of Ti and BC resulted in the most pronounced effects. Moreover, oxidative damage parameters, such as hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxide, and electrolyte leakage, were notably reduced in plants subjected to Ti and BC treatments, either individually or together. The activity of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase, exhibited significant increases in response to Ti and BC treatments, further emphasizing their beneficial effects on wheat plants. Overall, this investigation shows that biochar amendment and titanium foliar supplementation both have beneficial effects on wheat development and biochemical parameters; these findings may be relevant to efforts to increase crop productivity and stress tolerance.

SVMR: Smart Versatile Medication Robot

In 2565 B.E., 泰國's elderly, comprising 18.3% of the population at 12,116,199, faced health challenges, with diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, arthritis, and lung cancer prevalent. Caregiving hurdles arose as many family members worked outside, impacting the care of elderly individuals with these conditions. To address this, the "SVMR Medication Reminder and Care Robot for the Elderly" was developed. Known as the Smart Versatile Medication Robot (SVMR) or "New Robot," it serves as a user-friendly solution for home-based elderly care. Recognizing the adverse effects of missed medication on health, the SVMR system, combining hardware (New Robot) and software (Application), aimed to alleviate caregiving burdens. The New Robot's hardware includes a customizable medication reminder system, a video call system, closed-circuit camera system, doctor's recommendation display system, and an SOS system for emergency assistance. The Application complements this with features like medication schedule setting, video call communication, activity tracking, daily schedule management, and live camera monitoring. During the SVMR prototype trial, one unit was tested, with developers' relatives trying the medication dispensing system. Positive results emerged, showcasing improved medication adherence among the elderly and affording caregivers more time for other responsibilities. Satisfaction levels, as assessed through interviews, were notably high. Elderly feedback suggested the need for additional compartments for different medications and enhanced notification methods, particularly when they were not in proximity to the medication cabinet. In essence, the SVMR system provides a comprehensive solution to the challenges faced by households with elderly members, ensuring better disease management, increased medication adherence, and support for caregivers, all within a concise and user-friendly framework.