摘要或動機

豆類澱粉?抑制劑具害蟲防治與血糖調節之功效。本研究從台灣五種豆類中進行澱粉?抑制劑活性初篩，篩選出四季豆對麗蠅的澱粉?有明顯的抑制效果，粗萃後分離純化出單一蛋白質，經胺基酸定序結果得到兩個多?片段-VGLDFVLV 與TETSFNIDG ， 與已發表文獻比對推測為腰豆澱粉?抑制劑—αAI-1。經測試發現此抑制劑在85℃時仍具備抑制果蠅澱粉?之活性，為一熱安定性蛋白質，其抑制作用受pH 值影響很大，在偏酸性環境下的效果最好，且其抑制作用具特異性，可明顯抑制果蠅、入侵紅火蟻、白蟻、蟑螂及麵包蟲等昆蟲的澱粉?活性。在調節血糖方面，本研究利用豬胰臟澱粉?進行抑制活性測試，篩選出四季豆、花豆與黑豆對豬胰臟澱粉?有明顯的抑制效果，進一步利用Wistar 品系大鼠，進行豆類澱粉?抑制劑降血糖功效之活體試驗，將四季豆、花豆和黑豆粗萃經濃縮乾燥後餵食大鼠，發現花豆、黑豆在第一小時具有顯著抑制血糖增加效果；四季豆、黑豆在第三小時血糖回升，花豆仍可維持較低血糖濃度。此初步結果顯示，花豆粗萃物可能具備減緩消化吸收作用，具應用潛能，其確切分子作用機制值得深入探究。Amylase inhibitors can be applied in pest control and glucose adjustments. The study screens Phaseolus vulgaris from five Taiwan’s beans that has the most significant inhibition towards Chrysomia megacephala. The protein was isolated and sequenced two fragments, -VGLDFVLV and TETSFNIDG, highly homologous to that of αAI-1 from Phaseolus vulgaris. The pure protein still inhibits the amylase from Drosophila melanogaster at 85℃, suggesting it is thermal-stable. Its activity was specific and was affected by pH, reaching the peak in weak acidic condition. It obviously inhibits amylases from D. melanogaster, Solenopsis invicta, Odontotermes formosanus, Periplaneta Americana Linnaeus, and Alphitobius sp. In addiction, the study points out Phaseolus vulgaris, Phaseolus coccineus L. and Glycine max, which have significant inhibition toward pancreatic amylase. The amylase inhibitors’ functions of decreasing in blood glucose were detected by animal experiments on Wistar rats. The rats fed with the extracts of Phaseolus coccineus L. and Glycine max showed the inhibition of glucose increasing at the first hour, while blood glucose concentration after rats fed with Phaseolus vulgaris and Glycine max increase at the third hour, and blood glucose after rats fed with Phaseolus coccineus L. maintains low. Its premier result indicates that the extract from Phaseolus coccineus L. might postpones digestion and has potential to be applied. According to these results, amylase inhibitors are worthy to further analysis.