政府最近公佈在東沙群島設立第一個國家海洋公園，顯示國人重視海洋資源的保育與復育；但是東沙島特殊的自然景觀「會擺動的沙嘴」—龍擺尾，卻因興建八座消波塊構築的突堤而消散停擺。本研究以一個高中生的觀點，設計及進行一系列的模型實驗，探討東沙島的形成機制、各種環境因素對海灘及龍擺尾的演化、驗證龍擺尾的現況及如何讓龍擺尾復活，再由東沙島海灘復育看世界的海岸問題。雖然設備很克難，但都能完成預定的目標，證實東沙島的海灘演化。希望此次對東沙島海灘的研究成果與初步探討，能應用於世界上遭受侵蝕而需復育的海岸。In 2007, our government proclaimed Dongsha archipelago as the first national marine park, signifying her emphasis on the conservation and restoration of marine resources. However, the sand spit on Dongsha island, a unique natural wonder commonly referred to as the “swaying dragon tail”, has become motionless since the construction of a total of eight groins along its SE and NE coast during the period between 1993 and 1996. This study has conducted a series of model experiments to verify several fundamental issues, ranging from the formation and the factors affecting the stability and the status quo of Dongsha island and its spit. The experimental results find several favorably outcomes, giving the coast evolving evidences of Dongsha island. Furthermore, strategy to stabilize the coast and revitalize the spit are then considered, which could hopefully benefit the coast suffering erosion on the world’s coastline.

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1)是一個細胞核內的酵素，它可以被因DNA damage\r 而形成的DNA片段活化，並將NAD(+)上的ADP-ribose轉載到結合蛋白質。這些結合蛋白質對\r 於DNA的合成、DNA的修補、以及細胞週期的調控都有關係。因此，PARP-1被認為是維持基\r 因完整性的重要角色。根據初步的研究，抑制PARP-1的活性對許多疾病的治療都可能有效，\r 其中包括癌症、心臟病、中風、糖尿病、發炎以及反轉錄病毒的感染。然而，以藥物抑制一\r 個對DNA修補這麼重要的酵素會有什麼潛在的問題呢？為了要得到解答，我們需要進一步了\r 解PARP-1在DNA damage反應的機能。在這一份報告中，我製造了一個失去活性的PARP-1突變\r 種，即E988K。經過對E988K詳細的研究，我將比較及分析PARP-1野生型與E988K之間不一樣\r 的互動蛋白質，希望能對PARP-1所控制的DNA修補有更進一步的了解。\r \r \r Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a nuclear enzyme activated by DNA strand breaks\r during DNA damage response and catalyzes the transfer of ADP-ribose units from the substrate NAD(+)\r to acceptor proteins. These acceptor proteins involve in modulation of chromatin structure, DNA\r synthesis, DNA repair, transcription, and cell cycle control. Thus, PARP-1 is believed to play an\r important role in maintaining genome integrity through modulation of protein-protein and protein-DNA\r interactions. PARP-1 has been the target for design of inhibitors for over twenty-five years. Inhibitors of\r the activity of PARP-1 have been claimed to have applications in the treatment of many disease states,\r including cancer, cardiac infarct, stroke, diabetes, inflammation and retroviral infection. However, are\r there potential problems associated with inhibition of this DNA-repair enzyme? To answer this question,\r we need to further understand the biological function of PARP-1 during DNA damage response. In this\r report, an enzyme dead mutant (E988K) of PARP-1 was generated. Detailed studies of E988K show that\r E988K could be used in the following studies. Compare and identify the different associated proteins of\r PARP-1 wild-type and E988K will shed light into the molecular mechanism of PARP-1-mediated DNA\r repair.

聚丙烯酸是尿布中吸水成份，若被隨地丟棄勢必對環境造成污染。分析其結構，由於存在對重金屬離子具螯合作用的羧基，因此，可用於捕捉重金屬離子，作為偵測污水離子的利器。另外，若將螯合的銀離子以化學還原法製成奈米銀，將可應用於抗菌。研究結果有： \r (1)PAA對Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ag等離子具有明顯螯合效果。 \r (2)螯合反應：PAA＋Mn＋ [PAA-M]n－x＋xH＋，其可利用濃鹽酸使其再生。 \r (3)螯合能力以Fe3+最強，Zn2+(Mn2+)較弱。 \r (4)螯合離子的最小極限為10-3(M)，我們採樣的廢水有重金屬污染，推測濃度大於10－3(M)。 \r (5)成功將螯合的Ag＋製成奈米銀，為金黃色，屬於球形銀，甲醛濃度愈高，奈米粒徑愈小。 \r (6)奈米銀與銀離子在抗菌上的確有明顯效果，帄均粒徑小，抗菌效果越強。

直接乙醇燃料電池以酒精與氧氣透過氧化還原反應產生電能，但化學反應緩慢，需利用觸媒以增加其速率。本實驗目的在於盡可能找出一個表現最佳的觸媒。本實驗利用活性碳粉作為觸媒（鉑、錫）的載體，以酸性（HNO3）與鹼性（NaOH）環境分別處理碳粉，再以含浸法與多元醇含浸法將觸媒還原。我們得到以HNO3 處理的碳粉無法保有原碳粉的型態，較利用NaOH 處理為差。在觸媒製備方面，多元醇含浸法還原效果比含浸法可得到較小的觸媒尺寸，在本實驗中，溶液中鉑與加入的碳粉重量比為3:7 時，可得到最大的反應面積。此外，當鉑與錫原子數比為4:1 時，可得到最大的乙醇氧化電流。Direct ethanol fuel cell is a kind of power source which generates electrical power by a redox reaction involving ethanol fuel and oxygen. However, this reaction takes place slowly; therefore, catalyst is needed to improve its activity. The goal of this project is to get an optimize catalysts ratio to obtain the best catalyst activity. Activated carbon is used as the support of catalyst (platinum and tin) particles in this project, which is pre-treated in acid (HNO3) and alkaline (NaOH) solutions respectively. Then, the precursor is reduced by impregnation and EG-impregnation. We learned that activated carbon pre-treated with NaOH activates better than which pre-treated with HNO3 because the latter bear less resemblance than the former. As for the catalyst, the results of EG-impregnation show smaller size of catalyst particles than those of impregnation. In this project, when the ratio of the weight of platinum and activated carbon added into the solution is 3:7, we can get the largest surface area. In addition, when the ratio of the amount of platinum and tin atoms is 4:1, we can get the largest current of ethanol oxidation.

本研究探討肥皂膜與肥皂水的共振現象。在肥皂膜共振方面，我們以實驗探討皂膜的共 振模式與頻率的關係；並配合共振理論模型求出薄膜厚度，再與體積密度-厚度測量方法比 較。而又發現皂膜在共振時，皂膜保存時間較平常久，故進行皂膜生命期與頻率、強度的關 係。在進行肥皂膜實驗時，肥皂水滴落在喇叭上，振動出奇特的形狀，進而探討皂水共振的 特性並嘗試建立其數學模式。 ;The research is about the resonance of soap film and soapsuds. For the resonante of soap film, we tried to find out the relation between the resonant pattern and frequency by experiment; according to the resonante model, we measured the thickness of soap film, which was compaired with volume-dencity method. We found that the life-time of the resonant soap film is longer than the normal one, so we proceeded to study the relation between the life-time, frequency, and power. We observed special resonant pattern while the soapsuds fell down on the speaker. So we studied the characteristics of resonant soapsuds, trying to make the mathematical pattern of resonant soapsuds.

A professor once told me that scientists have already known a lot about vortices, but less about how to tackle with them in here and there cases. As to my mind, this means knowing by halves. As a matter of fact, I gradually found that human may not know more than a dragonfly! A dragonfly flying in a figure of eight pattern does know about Vortices Recycling. The highlight of the experiment is the hovering ability upon a fixed point in the air. Who can stay longer will be the king of Vortices. Sometimes I am not so optimistic about mimicking a fly or a bat, but I am really very interesting in discovering which flying mechanism is more effective,『Fling Mechanism』 or 『In a figure of eight pattern』, if with the same weight and energy? How to implement their mechanism in our flying machine? It is always the best policy to do naturally with vortices. The conservation of vortices is found here and there. Vortex itself is energetic. To gain means to keep. The one who is able to keep vortices will be rewarded. As in life generation and the ability of hovering, the rule follows. Typhoons and tornados still threat us like the beasts. And what’s more, a jumbo-airplane was crashed as beaten by tip vortices of the former airplane. As the dragonflies, the beautiful acrobats of vortices , infuse in tip vortices. Not the strong contradistinction did we realize that it is time for vortices!研究渦旋已經四年。四年之中，涉獵了許多關於渦旋的實驗。當我越了解渦旋，就越佩服那些卓越的昆蟲朋友們，他們可說是調配利用渦旋的大師。從候鳥遷徙的V字型隊伍、海豚的渦旋氣球、到蜻蜓八字型的飛行機制，我很想知道：在一個固定的流場中，到底哪一種運動機制，能最有效率的提供上升的力量？而如何將昆蟲朋友們的高超技術，運用到人類飛行載具上？將是我有興趣的另一項課題。『關於渦旋』是一系列渦旋實驗，目的就是自基礎開始深入了解在地球這樣環境下渦旋的性質。（一）探討基礎的渦旋本質（二）產生相對運動下物體的的渦旋架構（三）物體取得升力和失去升力的要件（四）昆蟲飛行機制探密（五）未來展望與渦旋的運用經過長時間的觀察可以了解到：1、渦旋遵守動量守恆。是以渦旋出現時是成對的2、渦旋是具有能量的。在上升力取得方面，當攻角過大時，渦旋剝離，造成能量的損失；以至於飛行載具失速。而蜻蜓是保有渦旋並加以利用的高手，自然事半功倍。順勢而為，渦旋增強。

The paper presents a new technique for the Internet monition and control system. The user not only can “watch” the current operation of remote home appliances from the client computer, but also directly control the behavior of remote home appliances through the Internet network. In the mean while, concerning the interface between users and appliances, the virtual reality is combined into the system so that users operate the system easily. First, virtual reality, CGI , HEML . I/O control code, 8255 I/O card and CCD are applied in the server computer to control and “watch” home appliances. Next, the client computer is connected to the sever computer through the Internet WWW(World Wide Web) network. Then, the user can control remote home appliances directly through the homepage. Finally, the experiment results are presented and discussed.本研究提出一種高效率且易維護的網路監控技術，從遠端確實“看”到監控系統現場動作，並下達控制指令。同時顧慮到使用者操作介面，結合虛擬實境，讓使用者可更輕鬆操作。首先，伺服端結合VR(虛擬實境)、CGI技術、基本的HTML、I/O控制指令、8255 I/O介面卡及CCD(網路攝影機)，應用於家用電氣，接著用戶端透過WWW全球資訊網連上伺服端首頁，然後依首頁之畫面，來達到遠端監控與家庭自動化之目的。

1) First, we studied the properties of lines and segments that bisect a triangle’s perimeter. By observing the properties, we found a “revolving center” what we defined. We employed the revolving center in the construction with ruler and compass to make “triangle’s perimeter bisectors” that pass the points we desire. Later, we found out the “envelope\r curves’” equations of the “perimeter bisectors” on the triangle’s two sides are parabolic curves. Moreover, the focus of this parabolic is just as same as the revolving center. 2) The curves envelope of area bisectors formed a hyperbolic curves. By similar method of constructing a “perimeter bisector”, we can also construct an “area bisector”’ by using the hyperbolic curve’s focus. We accidentally found out that we can construct the tangent of the conic by using our method, too. Different from the information we found, It supplies a easier method to construct the tangent of a conic. 3) With the rules of constructing perimeter (area) bisectors, we can expand the method to constructing the “perimeter (or area) bisectors” of any convex polygons. 4) We call the lines that bisect the convex polygon’s perimeter and area at the same time the "perfect bisect lines”. Based on the properties of the” perimeter bisectors” and the “area bisectors” in our research, we found out that the” perfect bisect lines” pass the intersection of the” perimeter bisector’s effective segment” and the hyperbolic. Thus, we can construct the “perfect bisect lines”. Moreover, we proved the esistence of the “perfect bisect lines.”1. 首先我們先探討三角形等分周長線的性質，利用性質及觀察等周線的變化，我們找到可利用本研究所稱的「旋轉中心」，以尺規作圖的方式，作出「任意點的三角形等分周長線」。接著我們導出三角形兩邊上等周線所包絡而成的曲線方程式為一條拋物線的曲線段。進而發現上述的旋轉中心，即為等周線所包絡而成拋物線的焦點。2. 三角形兩邊上等積線所包絡出的曲線是一條雙曲線的曲線段。利用等周線的尺規作圖，我們找到同樣可利用焦點當旋轉中心做出等分面積線。意外的發現出圓錐曲線的切線作圖，皆可利用我們的研究方式(有別於已查出的文獻上記載)，較快速的作出切線。3. 利用三角形等周線(或等積線)的尺規作圖，可擴展到「過任意定點作出凸多邊形的等周線(或等積線)」。4. 我們將同時分割凸多邊形等周長與等面積的分割線稱為「完美分割線」。利用三角形研究出的等周線與等積線相關性質，我們找出完美分割線必通過同角的等周有效段與等積曲線段之交點。利用這結果可作出完美分割線。並進一步，我們證明出凸多邊形完美分割線的存在性。

豆類澱粉?抑制劑具害蟲防治與血糖調節之功效。本研究從台灣五種豆類中進行澱粉?抑制劑活性初篩，篩選出四季豆對麗蠅的澱粉?有明顯的抑制效果，粗萃後分離純化出單一蛋白質，經胺基酸定序結果得到兩個多?片段-VGLDFVLV 與TETSFNIDG ， 與已發表文獻比對推測為腰豆澱粉?抑制劑—αAI-1。經測試發現此抑制劑在85℃時仍具備抑制果蠅澱粉?之活性，為一熱安定性蛋白質，其抑制作用受pH 值影響很大，在偏酸性環境下的效果最好，且其抑制作用具特異性，可明顯抑制果蠅、入侵紅火蟻、白蟻、蟑螂及麵包蟲等昆蟲的澱粉?活性。在調節血糖方面，本研究利用豬胰臟澱粉?進行抑制活性測試，篩選出四季豆、花豆與黑豆對豬胰臟澱粉?有明顯的抑制效果，進一步利用Wistar 品系大鼠，進行豆類澱粉?抑制劑降血糖功效之活體試驗，將四季豆、花豆和黑豆粗萃經濃縮乾燥後餵食大鼠，發現花豆、黑豆在第一小時具有顯著抑制血糖增加效果；四季豆、黑豆在第三小時血糖回升，花豆仍可維持較低血糖濃度。此初步結果顯示，花豆粗萃物可能具備減緩消化吸收作用，具應用潛能，其確切分子作用機制值得深入探究。Amylase inhibitors can be applied in pest control and glucose adjustments. The study screens Phaseolus vulgaris from five Taiwan’s beans that has the most significant inhibition towards Chrysomia megacephala. The protein was isolated and sequenced two fragments, -VGLDFVLV and TETSFNIDG, highly homologous to that of αAI-1 from Phaseolus vulgaris. The pure protein still inhibits the amylase from Drosophila melanogaster at 85℃, suggesting it is thermal-stable. Its activity was specific and was affected by pH, reaching the peak in weak acidic condition. It obviously inhibits amylases from D. melanogaster, Solenopsis invicta, Odontotermes formosanus, Periplaneta Americana Linnaeus, and Alphitobius sp. In addiction, the study points out Phaseolus vulgaris, Phaseolus coccineus L. and Glycine max, which have significant inhibition toward pancreatic amylase. The amylase inhibitors’ functions of decreasing in blood glucose were detected by animal experiments on Wistar rats. The rats fed with the extracts of Phaseolus coccineus L. and Glycine max showed the inhibition of glucose increasing at the first hour, while blood glucose concentration after rats fed with Phaseolus vulgaris and Glycine max increase at the third hour, and blood glucose after rats fed with Phaseolus coccineus L. maintains low. Its premier result indicates that the extract from Phaseolus coccineus L. might postpones digestion and has potential to be applied. According to these results, amylase inhibitors are worthy to further analysis.

胰島素依賴型糖尿病(insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; IDDM)是一種胰島素無法正常分泌的自體免疫疾病;而NOD老鼠(non-obese diabetic mouse，NOD)的病徵與其非常相似。藉由觀察NOD老鼠發病前後外顯行為及疑導組織切片的差異，我們認為胰島素依賴型糖尿病的致病機轉是因為T細胞工及胰島組織中製造胰島素的β細胞，使胰島素分泌不足而引起糖尿病；而樹突狀細胞(dendritic cell，DC)是調控淋巴細胞反映的重要調節細胞，未來可望利用樹突狀細胞進行胰島素依賴型糖尿病的免疫調控治療。本實驗即是利用IL-4、GM-CSF使NOD老鼠的骨隨幹細胞分化樹突狀細胞，並藉由控制NOD老鼠的年紀與的數突狀細胞培養天數，希望取得較多的數突狀細胞，以利未來免疫治療之用。Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is a spontaneously occurring autoimmune disease in which cellular immune components mediate destruction of the insulin-producing βcells of the pancreas. It begins with an asymptomatic stage during theβcells are gradually destroyed. These patients have to depend on injecting insulin to lower their blood glucose, facing the dander of being infected. So we want to research into the cause of IDDM by model animal- NOD mouse (non-obese diabetic mouse). We observe the differences of exterior behavior and sections of pancreas organization between NOD mice and normal ones. It has been shown that the immunophological mechanism of IDDM is T cells destroy βcells of genetically predisposed individuals and result in insufficiency of insulin-producing. Dendritic cells(DC), having great Ag-presenting ability, are related to IDDM. We cultivate bone marrow stem cells of 5-week-old,8-week-old, and 21-week-old NOD mice treated with IL-4,GM-CSF and make them differentiate into dendritic cells. The result shows that using 8-week-old NOD mice to cultivate will get the largest amount of dendritic cells. We also compare the percentage of differentiated DCs for 6 days’ culture with 9 days’,and we find that 9 days’is better. Dendritic cells are the effect Antigen-presenting cells which can be used for immunotherapy of IDDM , though , its complicated mechanism still needs further researching and developing. We hope in the future IDDM patients could get rid of the suffering of injecting insulin in their whole life.

關於平面上若干點的集中度之定義，一直很少有人予以仔細的探討，因為判別的方法有很多種。本研究是以平面上三點所構成的三角形之三頂點作討論，分別以三角形的面積、周長，內心、外心和重心至三頂點距離，三點的標準差及平均差的概念，作為不同的判別方式，並以動態幾何化版ＧＳＰ模擬不同的判斷方法做為研究，在利用統計學上的方法，找出哪一種定義方式最為適合、誤差最少的判斷方法。There are many ways to determine the centralness of three dots on a plane; however, no definition study has been applied. In this study, we focus our interests on the entralness of three vertices of a triangle formed from three dots on a plane. Various methods such as the relationship of area, and the distance of the triangle to the centralness of three dots, the distance from the interior point, exterior point, the barycenter to the vertices of triangle, and the standard error and differences average obtained from three dots were determined with a dynamic geometry software GSP, and a statistic method was used to find a least error way to determine the centralness of three dots on a plane.

This research tries to find out how changes of weight or proportion of a reactor would affect the type and structure of a crystal. In the experiment, the Hydrothermal reaction was adopted to conduct the syntheses of Vanadium-substituted Gallium Phosphates and try to pick up the single crystal to collect data with SXRD for further illustrating the crystal structure with diamond software to know well its nature. The research result finds out a new type of crystal unseen in the existing literature produced because of the weight changes of C3H10N2, therefore the weight change of a reactor may affect the structure of crystal significantly. In the future, it is expectation that comparison among structures of other Vanadium-Substituted Gallium Phosphates can be made, and the properties of this compound can be measured, and try to find out a brand new type of structure for new exploration by changing the initial reagent. 本研究係透過改變化合物所添加之反應物的比例，以了解反應物比例的改變對晶體的型態與結構的影響。實驗採用中溫水熱反應來從事金屬釩鎵磷酸鹽的合成。並挑取單晶，以X-ray 繞射儀進行數據收集，再以diamond 軟體繪出晶體的結構圖，且進一步得知其性質。研究結果發現，經改變丙二胺的量後，產生不同於文獻上的新化合物，可知改變所加反應物的比例，對於晶體結構有相當大的影響。未來可朝向與其他的釩鎵磷酸鹽做結構上的比較、對此化合物做更進一步的性質測量、改變起始試劑測試，進而得到更新穎的結構形式等部分進行探究。