有毒重金屬是一個全球矚目的環境污染問題，為了解決這問題，人們常使用沈澱法和螯合劑兩種主要化學手段來吸附重金屬物質，這些方法的缺點是在某些情況下(如:酸雨)，重金屬可能會再溶出污染環境。本研究旨在提出一個低成本且環境友善，能整治重金屬污染的新方法，使用牛糞來吸附重金屬離子，再將此已經吸附重金屬的牛糞回收製成觸媒。研究發現摘要如下: (1).磷酸鹽適合作為吸附劑，以穩定重金屬離子。 (2).發酵處理的牛糞由於微生物分解有機質，使成分中磷酸鹽含量變高，牛糞磷酸鹽愈高吸附重金屬離子的效果愈好。 (3).牛糞置於Cu2+、Ni2+水溶液，能有效吸附Cu2+、Ni2+離子，在應用上可預防重金屬污染地下水源。 (4).模擬土壤淋融的實驗中，超過99%的金屬離子可被牛糞固定於土壤中。 (5).回收吸附的重金屬離子牛糞，製作成活性碳觸媒，可進行脫色實驗，達到回收利用的目的。

聚苯乙烯(S)-聚乙烯(E)-丁二烯-1(B)-聚苯乙烯(S) (polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-polystyrene，簡稱SEBS)是目前直接甲醇燃料電池的質子交換膜研究中常用於與Nafion比較的膜材。Nafion的價格昂貴，且其高甲醇滲透率將造成電極毒化，故本研究探討不同製程與添加不同奈米粒子所製作之質子交換膜特性，以有效降低甲醇滲透。結果發現，添加之ZrP為層狀結構，增加甲醇通過親水區域端的難度，能有效阻擋甲醇滲透。且藉由磺酸根官能基團，以及本身帶有質子傳導性質，所以與Nafion的PTC數據差距不大，因此C/P值較Nafion高。未來可改變不同磺酸化程度，並在SSEBS內添加不同奈米粒子，並對於質子交換膜的持久性及實際應用之探討。

前饋(feed-forward)是一種於生理反應發生之前，所進行的調節機制，為即將發生的生理作用進行準備。前人對於蟑螂消化道的前饋作用，大多著墨在酵素分泌的調節作用。本研究以美洲蟑螂作為實驗動物，觀察蟑螂消化道中前腸的組織型態，並以肌肉電位圖(electromyography, EMG)的記錄方式，探討探討味覺刺激對蟑螂嗉囊與砂囊肌肉活動的調節作用。我們發現蟑螂的消化道由橫紋肌所構成，有別於人類消化道主要由平滑肌所構成。由EMG的紀錄得知，餵食葡萄糖溶液時，可增加蟑螂嗉囊肌肉的放電幅度；而餵食味精(麩胺酸)溶液時，可增加砂囊肌肉放電幅度，推測葡萄糖與麩胺酸各可引發嗉囊與砂囊肌肉的收縮活動，皆屬於前饋機制的例子；若以清水清洗口器時，亦會引發前腸肌肉的放電行為，推測為清洗口器時引發吞嚥反射所致。

本研究希望在數位顯示方面做些改進，利用電腦運算使戶外大型LED看板所使用之能源降到最低，以達到節能減碳。\r 本研究分為兩個部份:\r 第ㄧ部份:以瑞利準則探討亮點間距與觀賞距離之關係。\r 實驗中，以Photoshop繪圖模仿LED燈泡之排列，分析兩亮點之大小、距離與觀測距離的關係來設定點之尺寸，再進一步分析三原色點之觀測距離、比例及三原色點之佈點方式對混色效果之關係，並以瑞利準則判斷之。\r 得到公式如下：\r 自己所繪之點大小/點恰可分辨之最近距離=LED燈之間隔/點恰可分辨之最近距離=0.8mm/1m \r 第二部份:數位顯示—LED。\r 利用第一部份所得知的公式發現：在某ㄧ觀賞距離時，有最佳的影像品質且有最少的用電量。較近時，則影像品質降低；而較遠時，影像品質已無法提昇，而多餘的用電量則可經由實驗省去。藉由本次實驗結果，可利用所編寫之程式計算出在某ㄧ距離下最適合之燈泡尺寸及所省之電量，以達到節能減碳的效果。

For this research, the nocturnal perching habits of the lizard, Japalura Polygonata Xantbostona, were examined. Nighttime observations were made from July 2002 to March 2003 in the area along the mountain brook in the south valley of the King-Mien Mountain in Nei-Hu District. The study comprised a series of analysis with discussion of the lizard’s (Japalura Polygonata Xantbostona) perch based on the temperature of living environment and the manner of perch including the dissimilarity between male and female, adults and juvenile lizards in selecting their perch conditions. During the period of study 452 lizards were marked and examined. 163 were female, 168 were male, and 121 were young lizards. The study considered four particulars: (1) orientation, (2) angle, (3) manner of perch, and (4) height of the perch above ground. As for the orientation, most of the lizards chose to perch in an inward (towards the tree) and in an upward direction; the angle of perch was mainly within 1°~ 45° and slanted to 180°. Second, the manner of perch chosen by most of the lizards was holding the stem or trunk by arms. All four groups of lizards exhibited no difference in the orientation, angle and manner of perch. However, male lizards tended to perch at a greater height above ground than the female and juvenile lizards did. The study produced other findings as well: A tendency correlation curve was plotted showing that temperature related with the number of lizards taking perch, and from the curve the optimal temperature of the living environment was determined to be approximately within the range of 19° ~24°. Additionally, there was a relationship between temperature of living environment and the size of lizard and the number of lizards taking perch. A further positive relationship was observed between temperature and the height of perch above ground. Also, the study showed an apparent positive relationship between the temperature of sample living area and the snout-vent length(SVL) of the lizard. Finally, the Japalura Polygonata Xantbostona tended to take their nocturnal perches within a rather fixed home range. 本研究由2002 年7 月至2003 年3 月，於臺北市內湖區金面山南麓溪谷進行黃口攀蜥夜 晚停棲策略研究，以溫度和各項停棲行為進行來分析探討，包括黃口攀蜥的成幼蜥、雌雄蜥 停棲選擇上的差異。 研究期間，共標記到452 隻攀蜥，其中雌蜥163 隻、雄蜥168 隻、幼蜥121 隻。將停棲 的情況分為方向、角度、停棲型態、離地高度四項來分析，在方向上多以朝內、向上為主； 角度多以小角度的1°~45°及180°為主；在停棲型式多以環抱莖枝為主。進一步分析成幼蜥、 雌雄蜥不論在方向、角度、停棲型式的選擇上皆無差異。離地高度的部分則以成蜥及雄蜥的 停棲高度較高；以溫度分析黃口攀蜥的成幼蜥出現停棲隻次、停棲高度、出現停棲攀蜥體型 的相關性，溫度對出現停棲隻次可以做出趨勢相關曲線，估算攀蜥的停棲有一最適宜溫度範 圍約在19~24℃間；溫度與其停棲高度呈現正相關性；每次測得樣區溫度與出現停棲攀蜥平 均吻肛長有顯著的正相關。而黃口攀蜥夜晚婷棲時則會傾向於較固定的範圍內。

19、20世紀的後期印象派中，點描派為最吸引人的畫派之ㄧ，而喬治‧秀拉(Georges Seurat)即是其畫派之代表人物，因此，設計實驗時以秀拉的畫風為中心。\r 本研究以Photoshop繪圖模仿點描派之作品，?探索物質的本質，選用三原色為混色的原色，來觀察混色後對畫作的效果。研究中，以分析兩亮點之大小、距離與觀測距離的關係來設定點之尺寸，再進一步分析三原色點之觀測距離、比例及三原色點之佈點方式對混色效果之關係做為實驗主軸，並以瑞利準則判斷之。\r 希望藉由本實驗能以物理學的角度瞭解點描畫派之作品，同時，設法將點描畫數位化，並希望找出欣賞點描畫最佳情況，提供賞畫者最好的視覺享受。

金黃色葡萄球菌是生活中常見的病原菌之一，因其抗藥性日益嚴重，是大家所熟知的超級細菌。 目前醫院對此菌的檢測方式，從培養到獲得結果大約需要兩天，對許多感染此菌的重症患者是無法接受的醫療時間延誤。 有鑑於此，本研究利用創新的適體、光電及奈米技術發展一個可以快速偵檢金黃色葡萄球菌的系統。 適體為具有與抗體同樣分子辨識功能的寡核酸。我們利用DNA適體篩選技術，獲得能夠專一地辨識金黃色葡萄球菌的適體序列，進一步發展高敏感度細菌檢測系統，並測得靈敏度近個位數的金黃色葡萄球菌。本研究亦結合奈米金與共振光散射原理，以簡便的二極體雷射與偵測裝置，可快速判定檢測樣品中是否有金黃色葡萄球菌，大大縮短檢驗所需的時間。

本實驗使用聚醚亞醯胺溶液製備基本薄膜，由於玻璃態高分子薄膜過於緻密，一直是高分子薄膜在應用上的一大限制，為了在薄膜上製造缺陷，又不會使薄膜之選擇性降低，因此選擇將酸化之奈米碳管(孔徑10~20nm) 加至聚醚亞醯胺薄膜中。本實驗主要為探討添加不同濃度的酸化奈米碳管對聚醚亞醯胺薄膜的滲透率與選擇率的影響，藉由添加0.5 wt%、1 wt%、1.5 wt%、3 wt%、4 wt%等不同濃度的酸化奈米碳管至15 wt% 的聚醚亞醯胺溶液中，並製作薄膜，測試其基本性質與五種氣體(H2、CO2、O2、N2、CH4)的滲透率及不同空氣分子之間的選擇率。我們總共測試了三種薄膜的性質，分別是表面特性、熱穩定性及結晶型與層間距，薄膜的表面性質，能觀察到奈米碳管在薄膜中製造奈米孔隙結構，增加氣體滲透的孔道，能有效增加氣體的滲透率。增加奈米碳管的量，能有效升高第一階段熱裂解的溫度，雖然熱裂解在本實驗中沒有很大的差異，但是還是可以從熱重分析圖中推測不同量的奈米碳管會影響熱穩定性。在X 光繞射實驗中，添加奈米碳管的薄膜與純聚醚亞醯胺薄膜，在結晶相上都屬非結晶型薄膜，添加了奈米碳管的高分子複合薄膜的層間距明顯增大。在氣體滲透實驗中，我們比較了不同氣體或濃度不同的奈米複合薄膜的氣體滲透率，在不同氣體時，氣體的滲透率會隨著奈米碳管濃度增加有明顯的提升，五種氣體滲透率大致依照H2>CO2>O2>N2>CH4 這個趨勢增減。奈米碳管對1.5%增加到3%或4%的奈米複合薄膜滲透率的影響卻減小，由此可以推斷奈米碳管對空氣滲透率並非無限制的增加，在1.5%以後就漸漸趨近最大值。H2為14.89barrer，CO2 為9.51barrer，O2為6.34barrer，N2為6.48barrer， CH4 為3.75barrer 。本研究總共比較了三組氣體的選擇率，分別是CO2/CH4，O2/N2，H2/CH4，分離率最高的是H2/CH4 的，兩分子的粒徑大小差對分離率有極大影響，差愈大，其分離率也愈高。奈米碳管的量改變並不會使薄膜的氣體選擇率明顯增加或減少，但是加入太多奈米碳管其選擇率會變低。在五片薄膜中，1.5%的薄膜有最好的選擇率，奈米碳管的添加量超過1.5%選擇率就會開始下降。綜合滲透率及選擇率可以分析出，添加1.5%奈米碳管的高分子奈米複合薄膜有較高的滲透率，又不會降低選擇率，在利用上比其他濃度的奈米複合薄膜在有害氣體過濾及空氣的分離回收方面產生更好的效果。;This experiment uses Polyetherimide polymers solution to make basic membranes. Because glassy polymer membranes are too dense for gas permeations, it is one of the limitations in their applications. To increase gas permeability and maintain air selectivity, I made some nanogaps on the surface of the membranes by an acidification multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs, kinetic diameter 10~20nm) in the PEI membranes. We mainly want to find if it has some influence between the consistency of acidification MWNTs and gas permeability or selectivity. We mixed 0.5wt% 、1wt%、1.5wt%、3wt%、4wt% acidification Carbon nanotube in 15wt% PEI solution, made membranes and tested the character, five kinds of gas permeability (H2、CO2、O2、N2、CH4) and the selectivity between different gases. We have tested the three nature of membranes, including surface characteristic, TGA and XRD. We can see some nanogapes made by carbon nanotube in the membranes. It could availably increase gas permeability. Mixing more carbon nanotube in the membranes could increase the temperature of the first heat-decomposition. Though the heat-decomposition in this experiment didn’t change a lot, we could say that different percent nanotube would affect the membranes’ heat-decomposition. By the experiment of XRD, the membranes with carbon nanotube and the pure PEI membranes attach to amorphous membranes. Nanocomposite’s de-spacing is bigger than pure membranes. In the experiment of air permeability, we compared different kinds of gas or different percent carbon nanotube of nanocomposite if they have some change of permeability. The conclusion is that air permeability increase as the quantity of nanotube increase. The five kinds of permeability the direction：H2>CO2>O2>N2>CH4.The influence of permeability will decrease when the quantity of carbon nanotube increase from 1.5% to 3% or 4%. We can get the conclusion that the increment of gas permeability isn’t limitary. It drifts towards maximal about 1.5%. H2 is 14.89barrer. CO2 is 9.51barrer. O2 is 6.34barrer. N2 is 6.48barrer. CH4 is 3.75 barrer.This experiment totally compared three groups of air selectivity. They ’re CO2/CH4, O2/N2 and H2/CH4. The maximum of selectivity is H2/CH4. The difference of kinetic diameter affects air selectivity a lot. The quantity of nanotube doesn’t associate with the air selectivity, but mixing too much nanotube will decrease air selectivity. The 1.5% nanocomposite has the highest selectivity. If the consistency of the membranes is higher than 1.5%, the air selectivity will decrease. Depend on the gas permeability and the air selectivity, the 1.5% nanocomposite has higher permeability and constant air selectivity. That shows the 1.5% nanocomposite has a better effect on air selectivity and recycling.

1. Purpose of the research\r Nowadays, many encryption software are available to computer user. However, very few people use them which result in many cases of information and data leakage due mainly over the Internet. Most people use USB Flash Drive to store and carry confident files back home to work on. When the USB Drive is lost, the files stored are often leaked. To prevent this type of incident occurring, “CryptoDefender” is developed to enhance files protection and to change user’s habit in handling confidential information. \r 2. Procedures\r “CryptoDefender” is an add-in for common application software, e.g. Word, Excel, etc. It will appear as a new tab in the ribbon which provides the software an alternative for saving and opening a file. It protects the files in two ways: encryption and steganography. The data is first encrypted into cipher text as these encrypted data will be hidden in an image file to lower suspicion of readers. All of these procedures will be done by one click. For encrypt and decrypt, the user just needs to click the “Protect” and “Decrypt”. An extremely fast way to encrypt the file is “Quick Protect”. It will randomly choose an image from the image folder according to their file size. This function saves the time for choosing an image.\r 3. Data\r The method for steganography is using last two bit of R, last three bit of G and B to store the encrypted data. In 24-bit bitmap, RGB is represented the color of each pixel and each of them is 8-bit. The leftmost bit of each byte contains the highest value, and the right one contains the lowest value. Therefore, any change in the rightmost byte will only cause a minimal change in a byte value, and the color as well. 2-3-3 method is adopted to replace the pixels as encrypted data. It is used because it is in coordination with the program’s fluency. 2-3-3 is obtained so that 1 pixel will contain 1 byte of encrypted data. For R, the last two bit will be replaced by encrypted data. For G and B, the last 3 bit will be replaced by encrypted data. If the Bitmap size is larger than the encrypted data, random data will be replaced into the remaining pixels.\r 4. Conclusion \r “CryptoDefender” is user-friendly and efficient way to protect important and confidential digital files on most personal computers. This software will help to change the user’s habit in securing their information as to avoid data leakage even when they are accidentally lost.

本文研究風洞中之風帆在不同條件下，受風吹拂所產生之升力與阻力關係，並探討及成功 的以數學模型解釋其原因，此研究結果可應用於帆船帆面之設計。其主要探討之變因為以下 之五種： (一) 風速大小對帆船帆面之受力關係：當帆面與風向垂直時，在低風速時，實際測值較接近 風速的一次方的函數關係。高風速時，實際測值接近為風速的二次方的函數關係。 (二) 帆面積大小與受風推進力之關係：當帆面與風向垂直時，在風速固定風速下實驗，得到 面積與風對帆推力成正比。 (三) 順風航行時，帆面之攻角(θ)與受風推進力之關係：航行方向的力與sin 2θ 成正比關係。 (四) 側風航行時，帆面之攻角(θ)與受風推進力之關係：帆面在攻角大於 45°時，航行方向的力與sin θcosθ 有相當程度的吻合，而在攻角0°~45°之間則與飛機攻 角升力資料相接近。 (五) 初步探討雙桅帆與單桅帆面受風推進力之不同：發現其在側風時能有效的減少失速的現 象，在帆面高攻角時，能減少失速現象，依然可以持續穩定的航行，我們也可推想出飛機 的機翼前段的縫翼功能也是如此。 This article is derived from our research of relation between lifting power and its resistant power produced via wind-blow in a wind tunnel under different terms and condition, also to discuss and to explain their causes successfully via mathematics models, thus, the result of this study may be applied in designing of sail-surfaces of sails boats. Its major discussion can be included into the below 5 kinds: - Relation of (1) Relation of sizes of wind-speed against reacceptance of aerodynamic forces over sail-surface: When sail-surface and wind direction becomes horizontal, under low coin-speed, practical measured-value is rather close to wind-speed's linear function relation. When in nigh wind-speed, the practical measured-value is rather close to wind-speed's quadratic function relation. (2) Relation of size of sail-surface and pushing power of wind: When sail-surface and wind direction becomes horizontal, an experiment was made under fixed wind speed, the result obtained is sail-surface size and pushing wind power toward sail is in direct proportion. (3) When it is in “round-the-clock wise” navigation the angle of attack (θ) of sail-surface and the relation with wind's pushing power: Strength of navigation direction and sin2θconforming direct proportion. (4) When it is in side-wind navigation, the angle of attack (θ) and pushing power by wind relation; When the sail surface is in the angle of attack (θ) greater than 45o, the navigation direction power and sinθcosθhas certain extent of conformity, and between angle of attack e 0o-45o, happens to be very appropriate with aircraft's angle of attack and lifting power data. Fundamental discussion of Double Masts Sail boats and Single Mast Sail boats comparing differences of wind-aided pushing power: It was found that stall phenomena could be decreased effectively, when it is side-winded, especially, when the sail-surface is at high angle of attack, it could decrease Stall phenomena, and could maintain stable navigation. We can also assume that the front section of aircraft aide-wing’s function exactly the same.