未得獎作品

本研究從大自然中之「蓮花效應」引發學習興趣與研究動機，在蒐集相關資訊與文獻後，發現疏水功能不只是防水，還關係著日常生活品質之許多材料特性，包括防水、撥水、防潮、防銹、防蝕、抗菌防污、自清潔…等。而影響固體表面疏水性之兩大特性，包括物理之表面粗糙度與化學之超低表面能，本研究針對物理之表面粗糙度與疏水性之關係做探討，以相同之化學特性來比較不同號數之工業用砂紙之疏水行為，並就廣泛被引用之兩種模擬表面粗糙度與疏水性關係之模式：Wenzel and Cassie model，比較現有文獻對兩種模式之特性，選擇Cassie model 來進一步實驗驗證，以量測之平均接觸角 Θ 推算Cassie model 之表面粗糙係數Φ 值，並簡化不同砂紙顆粒模型為相同粒徑之球狀，以簡化之方程式來求得水珠與砂紙顆粒之實際接觸面積與球心夾角 θ，以提供高中學校能在經費與設備之限制下，仍能有效應用與印證Cassie model，獲得砂紙顆粒直徑與球心夾角 θ 自然對數值之關係。並就疏水性之生活應用，建立接觸角與 Φ 之關係曲線，驗證實驗之方程式，與延續過去之科展成果，以實驗成果提出可行性應用之建議。The interest and motivation of the present work was introduced from “lotus effect” in nature. After we collected related literature and information, we found that the function of the so-called “superhydrophobicity” behaves not only water repellency, but also a variety of real-life applications, including anti-fog, anti-corrosion, anti-bacteria, anti-fouling, self-cleaning, and so on. Pervious studies have pointed out that two criteria affecting the performance of hydrophobic surfaces are physical (roughness) and chemistry (surface tension) properties. This study focused on influence of physically surface roughness on hydrohyphobicity. Based on an identical surface chemistry, we employed different types of industrial sandpapers to mimic the lotus leaf, and investigated the relationship between roughness and hydrophobicity by using two famous models: Wenzel and Cassie models. Comparing with their basic assumptions to our study, we applied Cassie model to confirm our experimental results, in where one Cassie parameter (?) was proposed to simplify the Cassie equation. This superhydrophobic behavior can be well predicted by the Cassie model. This study continues previous achievement and offers some practical utilization according to our\r experimental results.

人體表面積在醫學的應用相當重要：燒燙傷的評估是以全身面積被灼傷的百分比 表示；營養狀況的評估，新陳代謝率也以單位表面積表示之；體液或藥物之需求量也 是以體表面積來決定劑量；然而人體是一不規則物體，應用一般幾何面積計算公式有 其困難處，如何快速的計算人體表面積，以作為醫療的指引，有其必要性。而青少年 正處於快速發育期，各部位的成長是否會影響表面積的計算，由於目前鮮少對青少年 之專文報告，尤其缺乏台灣地區之調查。為了探索這些問題，乃進行調查與研究。 本研究以台灣地區國民中小學10 至15 歲青少年為對象，探討在此發育期間體格 之變化及可能之影響相關因子，並建立體表面積之快速計算公式。本研究隨機取樣以 1209 人形成樣本，其中男生623 人，女生586 人，利用尺秤，取得身體各部位的資料， 並以問卷調查運動、飲食與睡眠等問題，以探討影響此成長期發育之因子。結果發現： 台灣青少年體表面積快速計算公式為(身高x 體重 ÷37)0.5；其體表面積九分法計算方 式也有別於一般歐美成年人的計算法；及此年齡層的身高與體重受運動的頻率、運動 持久性、飲食習慣多寡的影響，而與運動種類及主食種類相關性不大，這項研究的發 現，將有助於醫護人員對青少年問題的處理。Body Surface Area (BSA) has been used in many clinical conditions to calculate the percentage of burned area, to evaluate the nutrition status - the unit of the metabolic rate, to determine the need of fluid supply or the medicine dosage requirement. So precise measurement of BSA is very important, however the human body is an irregular shape, a laborious task using the geometrical method. To establish a simple quick formula to guide the therapeutic treatment is a necessity. Also the rapid growth phase during the adolescent stage might change the BSA in some way. BSA has not been established for the teenagers in Taiwan. To investigate this issue, a total of 1209 healthy elementary and junior high school boys (623) and girls (586) aged 10 to 15 in Taiwan were recruited by random selection. By use of anthropometrical measurements and a health questionnaire to the subject simultaneously, the data was analyzed statistically. The results revealed that a quick adequate formula derived from the body height and weight for Taiwan teenagers was determined by the formula, BSA = [ Height (meter ) x Weight (Kg) ÷37 ] 0.5, the Taiwan teenage “rule of the nine” of BSA is different from that of the adult, and that the frequency and the duration of exercise, the diet habit, and the duration of sleep significantly influence both body growth and weight. These findings may provide significant references for the physicians to treat the clinical conditions of teenagers in Taiwan.

本實驗主要是探討磁色效應，光通過狹縫會產生繞涉現象產生繞涉圖形，為了要了解繞涉現象，要先瞭解光柵的結構。要探討光柵，就要先探討探討磁流體的結構結構，磁流體乃是將一般磁性物質製成小粒子，再使其懸浮於非磁性液體中，根據統計力學，只要粒子夠小，就可經由布朗運動均勻散佈在溶液中。而散佈在溶液中的磁性粒子會因為磁力及凡得瓦力而聚集，所以一般都會在小粒子周圍覆蓋一層介面活性劑，防止發生『沈澱』的聚集現象。磁流體具有磁性特徵及流體特徵，磁性特徵是磁流體的居禮溫度和一般鐵磁固體相當，而且在外加磁場時磁性顆粒會連接成磁柱，而流體特徵則表現在其具有各式各樣的、流動性、黏滯性、揮發性、飽和性及導熱性。我分別將磁流體薄膜在加入不同磁增率的磁場、不同大小的電場、混入液晶等的狀態下，做各種的光柵樣本。接著再打入平行光，觀察繞涉圖形，其中加入磁場的，磁性顆粒會連接成磁柱，縱切面會形成點狀的六角行有序結構，非常適合做光柵，繞涉圖形是一七彩圓環。加入電場的，並沒有規則的排列，沒有如加上磁場般有規律的變化，但是觀察到很多磁性顆粒的擾動和聚集，還有電極邊界的一些變化。而加入液晶混和均勻之後，為一個比原本顏色更深黑的流體，磁流體的粒子即固定不動，成黑色團塊混合乳白色的液晶，對電場磁場都沒有反應。就實驗觀察到的，我們發現了，最是合作光柵的是在磁場下的磁流體，而電場對磁流體的結構也有一定的影響，在探討光柵的實驗中，也觀察到了很多磁流體的特殊現象。

中文摘要：\r 本文利用溶膠－凝膠法（Sol－Gel method）製備二氧化鈦奈米粒子（Anatase\r 晶相），測定廷得耳效應判斷其是否為奈米粒子，並以二氧化鈦奈米粒子加入水\r 中，以紫外光照射測試其光催化分解水反應的活性，並測試其分解南崁溪河川廢\r 水的能力。結果顯示自製二氧化鈦奈米粒子具有明顯的廷得耳效應，光催化分解\r 水反應因紫外光源功率過低未能呈現，有待改進；分解河川廢水的能力仍在進行\r 中。\r Abstract\r This experiment produces Titanium dioxide nano-particles (Anatase crystal\r phase)by using Sol-Gel method. We prove the particles as nano-order by the Tyndall\r effect And adds Titanium Dioxide into water, illuminate it with special wavelength\r ultraviolet radiation. The activity of its light catalysis reaction to water was tested.\r The capability of the treatment of wastewater in Nancan River by nano-titanium\r particles was also studied. The results show that the powder prepared by this\r experiment has apparently Tyndall effect，the photo-catalysis reaction of water is\r failed due to the weak power of UV light sources. The test of wastewater treatment is\r still processed.

最後留下數字會是多少？該問題在台灣的全國中小學科學展覽出現多次。而資訊界演算法大師Donlad E. Knuth 在其著作The Art of Programing，CONCRETE MATHEMATICS （具體數學），針對該數列作詳細的說明；但是，不論是歷屆全國中小學科學展覽或是大師著作，對於該問題，都只是談及殺1 留β或是殺α留1。本研究利用獨創α分類、n 及k 分類、d 函數、b 函數及循環、n 及y 分類、碎形數列和演變關係，將約瑟夫問題探討範圍提升至殺α(個數)留β(個數)，直到剩下最後1 個數時就不能再殺了，遊戲終止，倒數第k 個留下的自然數是多少？同時，本研究在殺α(個數)留β(個數)下，指定自然數y 為酋長，酋長不能被殺，殺到酋長時遊戲停止，求剩下的自然數有幾個？會發生什麼情形？The Josephus problem refers to what will be remaining when arranging n natural numbers in a circle and starting killing one and leaving the next one alive. The problem has been on display for many times in Taiwan National Primary and High School Science Exhibitions (as shown in Table 1). And, the information algorithm master, Donald E. Knuth has elaborated on the array in his works The Art of Programming, CONCRETE MATHEMATICS. However, both the past science exhibitions and the master’s works are limited to discussions on cases of killing 1 leaving β or killing α and leaving 1. This research employs uniquely created α classification, n and k classifications, d function, b function and loop theory to extend the Josephus problem scope to killing α leaving β to find out what the remaining natural number is by No. k counted recursively. Meanwhile, this research designates natural number y as the chieftain, which can never be killed. The game is over when the chieftain is to be killed. The problem is to work out how many natural numbers are remaining. And what happened?

台灣溫泉資源豐富，不同的溫泉泉質適合不同的溫泉藻類生長。溫泉藻屬於極端生物，其應用資源極待研究開發。本研究根據細胞型態、藻膽蛋白種類分析以及rbcL 基因定序等結果推測北投溫泉藻屬於一種溫泉紅藻，其種類近似於Galdieria sp. (Rhodophyta)。此外，本研究利用葉綠素螢光分析儀於野外實測北投溫泉紅藻於不同光強度下，光合作用能力的差異，發現適應於不同光強度的溫泉紅藻，其電子傳遞速率並無顯著的差異。推測其原因可能與北投溫泉紅藻的phycocyanin 含量會隨著光量有所調整，藉此達到最佳的光合作用能力有關。另外，本研究發現隨著光強度的上升，溫泉藻的NPQ 值有上升的趨勢，然而低光區的溫泉藻有較高的NPQ 值，此與一般理論不符。利用HPLC 分析北投溫泉紅藻的類胡蘿蔔素種類組成，其種類分別為Lutein、α-carotein、β-carotein 與Zeaxanthin，未發現Violanxanthin 與Antheraxanthin，北投溫泉紅藻並不俱有葉黃素迴圈。因此根據研究結果，我們認為NPQ 值與色素的關係仍有討論的空間Taiwan is resourceful in hot springs. Various hot spring algae are adapted to different types of hot springs. Hot spring algae applications are still under developing. In this work, based upon the morphology, analysis of phycobiliproteins, and rbcL sequences, the hot spring algae of Peitou is found to be Galdieria maxima (Rhodophyta). In addition, the dependence of the photosynthesis of Galdieria maxima on the light intensity was measured by Diving-PAM. The results show that the light energy availability efficiency of Galdieria maxima adapting to different light intensity exhibited different, although the electron circulate rate differed insignificantly. This suggests that the concentration of phycocyanin in Galdieria maxima may vary to attain optimal photosynthesis. Furthermore, the NPQ of Galdieria maxima increase with the light intensity. However, contradict to the theory; even under the same light intensity, the NPQ of Galdieria maxima was higher at low light zone. The carotene composition of Galdieria maxima was analyzed using HPLC and found lutein, α-carotene, β-carotene, and zeaxanthin. Violaxanthin and antheraxanthin were not present. Therefore, Galdieria maxima do not exhibit xanthophyll. Based on the results of this study, the correlation between NPQ and pigment still needs to be investigated.

The purpose of the research was to find the relationship between the fruit fly’s attraction to light (or heliotaxis) and their genes. Fruit flies, because of their short life span of approximately two weeks, and their simple requirements for survival, are ideal candidates for the study. With a specially designed device "Mi Gong" for the experiments, fruit flies could be separated and cultivated in accordance to their preference to specific wavelengths of light. They received cross-breeding and were studied to learn the ratio of the resulting offspring in their preference to the light. It was observed that the majority of the fruit flies were more attracted to violet light. It was also found that the next generation of the fruit fly inherited higher sensitivity to the light than their parents. Knowing that there could be potential margin of errors in the experiments, the results of the study demonstrated that light, as an external source, had limited impact to heliotaxis of fruit fly. The study suggested that insects with heliotaxis, including fruit fly, inherited heliotaxis in their genes. The study also pointed out the potential benefits of employing heliotaxis in many areas especially in the agricultural development. Furthermore, heliotaxis can be utilized to study the difference in the behavior of nightlife insects before and after the invention of manmade light source.這項研究，主要是在探討果蠅的趨光性和遺傳的關係。很多種昆蟲都具備趨光性，我們之所以以果蠅作實驗，主要是因為其生活週期短，大約兩週，且易於培養。實驗內容是以「迷宮器材」來鑑別果蠅對某一特殊色光的偏好，將該群果蠅分離出來培養，令其繁衍後代，觀察其後代對此一色光偏好的比率，我們所用的果蠅大致上對綠色光較敏感，而其子代的敏感度較親代高。因此，我們推論趨光性會遺傳，且受光影響，但並非全由光影響，故這可能是實驗中的誤差成因。雖然此實驗是以果蠅為對象，但亦可假設其它具趨光性的昆蟲，也可能是因遺傳而導致其子代有趨光性，而我們可利用其趨光的一些特性，減少農作物因害蟲類的果蠅而損失，並且希望可以得知,在人造光源還未出現在世上時，夜行性昆蟲是否有差異。

The results of the thermal diffusion experimental show that the separation efficient\r increases with increasing ΔT, but decreases with increasing Q at C0 constant. When\r Q is kept constant, the efficient of change ΔT are small, and the maximum at C0 about\r 545 mg/L. The purification efficient of raw water for thermal diffusion is low.\r And it is high energy consumption, difficult operation, and high costs. So the potential\r of the application is low. Therefore, the vertical circulatory laminar flow apparatus\r was developed in this study. And the separation equation of this apparatus was also\r set up. The results of vertical circulatory laminar flow experimental show that\r the efficient increase with increasing V, and the optimum conditions are at about\r Q= 1.05 L/min, C0=800±50 mg/L, and V=26 cm/min. The separation efficient of the\r vertical circulatory laminar flow apparatus is higher than thermal diffusion apparatus.\r And its energy consumption and costs are low, and easy to operate. Since all interior\r moveable plates have two operation sides, so the multiple channel apparatus is application.\r Therefore, the multiple channel apparatus can treat large amount raw water and has\r low costs. The efficient of the experimental all are better than the theoretical\r values that may due to: (1)the assumed partical diameter is too small,(2)the flow\r is not real laminar flow, and (3)the end-side effect is not considerate. \r 熱擴散實驗結果顯示在固定C0下，分離成效隨ΔT增加而增高，但隨進料流率增加而降低。在固定ΔT下，分離效率亦隨進料流率增加而降低。固定進料流率下，增加ΔT對分離效果的影響不大，以C0=545±10\r mg/L時，顯現出最佳成效。採用熱擴散裝置雖對降低原水中之懸浮微粒含量效果有限，且能源需求高，造成高成本和操作複雜，不具實用潛力。為提高分離原水微粒之成率，以及簡化操作與降低成本，本研究開發垂直旋轉帶裝置來製造出上下循環水流，並導出水流與微粒於其中之流速分布式，以及頂部、底部出口之微粒濃度計算式。垂直循環轉帶實驗結果，顯示提高V值有助於降低Ct/Cb比值；Q=\r 1.05 L/min左右、C0=800±50 mg/L下與V在26 cm/min左右，均有較低之Ct/Cb比值。垂直旋轉帶裝置分離成效明顯優於熱擴散裝置，且設備簡單、能源需求低與操作容易。由於旋轉帶之兩面均可以做為移動平板，因此不僅可以用來處理大量之高濁度原水，也能更具經濟效益。由理論與實驗結果之比較，顯示理論成效較實驗差，探討其原因可能是：(1)平均粒徑之假設值偏低、(2)流場並非全然以層流流動、(3)兩端終端效應未加考慮等。

The paper is to research the method how to prevent the torque down under the higher rotation of the single cylinder with two stroke’s engine and increasing the engine’s torque oppositely. By the process of adjusting （1）changing the weight and the position of the balance block（2） adjusting the exhausting time of the outlet valve（3）to decrease the weight and structure of the crank itself adequately. it is find that the engine’s torque was increased at the situation of higher rotational engine. After the adjusting of the process we have the following result：（1）at the higher revolution zone of the engine. the torque can be maintained and increased（2）the higher revolute efficiently value can be obtained by the correct adjusting of the exhaust time of the outlet valve without increasing the fuel.本研究主要是探討單汽缸二行程高轉速引擎在高轉速時扭力能延遲下降，使扭力增加。我們是利用二行程引擎高效率的結構和現有空間來提升引擎效能。經(1)改變曲軸配重塊之重量及位子移動 (2)調整引擎排氣時間 (3)適度減輕曲軸重量及結構等三項，改良後證明，確定能使扭力提升，和延伸到較高的轉速區。經過調整程序，可獲下列重要結果：(1)在引擎高轉速時，可增加較大的扭力值 (2)藉由適當的排氣時間調整，在不增加燃油供給條件下，可獲得較高的迴轉效率。

在網際網路蓬勃發展的時代，電腦病毒也更加的猖獗。雖說防毒軟體百家爭鳴，但對於未知病毒的防治技術仍然束手無策。本研究的目的在追溯出電腦惡意程式運行模式，利用IDA靜態反編譯軟體與病毒原始碼尋找出病毒共同的特徵，阻斷其滋生途徑。 本研究在實驗中，研究者利用Borland C++ Builder 6作為應用程式開發環境，配合WinAPI函數與TRegistry類別設計出參數監控系統。研究顯示不論是修改於Window 9x架構下的win.ini, system.ini，或是Run與Run Service之下的資料項，本系統都能有效運作。此系統能成功的攔截到惡意程式對Registry鍵值的讀寫，亦即當使用者否決其修改鍵值時，惡意程式無法在重新開機後運行；易言之，惡意程式失去執行效力。 實驗結果發現，參數監控系統可攔截惡意程式之修改命令，防止未知病毒與惡意程式開機自動運行，以此達到未知病毒的攔截基礎技術。本研究之結果可補強市售防毒系統，對於未知病毒的攔截，能達到完整的防護效果。 Computer viruses become more rampant in the rapidly-developing era of Internet. With the various kinds of Anti-Virus software, people still can do nothing about detecting the unknown viruses. This research aims to trace back the computer virus function mode. By using IDA Pro Disassembler and Virus Source, we can find out the common characteristics of viruses. Thus, we can stop viruses from thriving. The experiment uses Borland C++ Builder 6 as the Registry Detection System by coordinating Win API and TRegistry. It works no matter by modifying win.ini and system.ini under the structure of Window 9x or by modifying Run Value and RunService Value. Moreover, it can intercept the viruses from reading and writing of the ValueKey. As the users deny the modified ValueKey, the viruses cannot run after resetting. In other words, the viruses lose their effects. The results present that Registry Detection System can intercept the modifying commands and prevent the automatic running from unknown viruses. By doing so, we can acquire the basic technology of intercepting the unknown viruses. The application of this study can improve the functions of Anti-Virus. In this way, through protection from unknown viruses can be obtained.