長期以來，臨床研究發現會影響人類胚胎的正常發育，造成胚胎畸形、成長遲緩等現象，稱為胎兒酒精症候群（fetal alcohol syndrome），但是其病理機制仍不清楚。最近的研究發現斑馬魚胚胎對於酒精有非常靈敏的反應，出現明顯的發育異常現象，例如心臟膨大、眼睛縮小、骨頭變形等現象，與人類胎兒酒精症候群相似，顯示斑馬魚非常適合作為研究胎兒酒精症候群的模式動物。在本實驗中，我們針對酒精影響視網膜神經發育的現象進行探討，並且也利用基因晶片篩選出胚胎發育時期受酒精影的的基因轉錄子，藉以了解酒雞造成胚胎畸形發育的機制。實驗結果顯示在眼睛發育過程中，1.5% 酒精浸泡會抑制視網膜神經細胞的分層（Lamination），而進一步利用RNA定位雜交的方式以眼睛的標示基因rx1、pax6b、six3b、alpha-crystallin、rho、neuroＤ、huC觀察他們的表現，發現酒精會減少視網膜神經細胞的分化，造成眼睛發育的缺陷。在基因晶片的分析中，我們發現酒精處理會抑制許多控制眼睛發育的基因調控子的表現，包括了crx、rybp、irx4a、optx2、rx1、brn3b1 與 vsx1等，此外約有16%的眼睛相關基因液受到酒精的抑制，遠高於其他基因受抑制的比例，顯示眼睛是酒精傷害最嚴重的區域之一。我們從實驗結果得知酒精並未對胚胎發育初期眼睛的發育造成明顯的影響，但是隨後由於控制細胞分化的幾個重要基因受到酒精抑制作用，造成視網膜神經細胞的分化停止，引起眼睛的異常發育的情況。It was known that prenatal alcohol exposure may cause serious birth defects and developmental disabilities. The molecular mechanism of this fetal alcohol syndrome still remains unclear. Here we used zebrafish embryo as a model to investigate the toxic effect of alcohol in retinal development. The histochemical analysis revealed that the cell lamination was prohibited by alcohol incubation. It appears that the retinal cell differentiation was inhibited. As revealed by whole mount RNA in situ hybridization, it appears that the transcription of a number of retinal-related regulatory genes, including rx1, pax6b, six3b, alpha-crystallin, rho, neuroD and huC, were all inhibited in zebrafish embryo by alcohol exposure. The transcriptional profile of alcohol-exposed embryos was also compared with normal embryos by microarray analysis at different stages. It appears that 16% of retinal-related genes were all repressed by 1.5% alcohol incubation, including several retina-related transcriptional factors, including crx, rybp, irx4a, optx2, rx1, brn3b1and vsx1. Our results suggest that alcohol did not interfere the early development of the eye, but has inhibited the final cell differentiation of retina cells. This study helps us understand the molecular mechanism of alcohol-mediated retinal malformation.

安德遜蠅虎的卵期和幼蛛期共約需 22~26 天，需經歷 6 齡（6 次脫皮）而成年，每齡需要時間為23~32 天，從卵期到成蛛約3~4 個月左右，成蛛約可再活 3~5 個月，為不完全變態。安德遜蠅虎喜歡在食物充足和陰暗的草叢和牆壁底層活動，能適應的溫度範圍在 15~33℃之間。安德遜蠅虎的行為項目目前已知 14 種，其中 4 種與捕食行為有關（例如：頭胸部升降、潛行、撲擊、迂迴），3 種與爭鬥行為有關（例如：Z形舞蹈1、前足斜舉、奔逃）；5 種與求偶行為有關（例如：觸肢擺動、前足斜舉、繞行、Z 形舞蹈 2、交尾） 。但牠不獵捕比自己體型過大的獵物，主要以小型蠅類或彈尾蟲為食，其捕食獵物主要靠視覺或感覺毛，中前眼最遠可看到超過12cm距離的東西，跳躍力最遠可跳出15cm 的距離。對於蠅虎的分佈區域就觀察提出【蠅虎集中發散推論】 ：一區域內的各種蠅虎，必有其集中地。各種蠅虎由其集中地向外發散、擴張形成發散地，並與其他種蠅虎勢力範圍重合，形成多種蠅虎共存的共存區。Hasarius adansoni’s egg development and postembryonic development require 22~26 days. It takes 6 stadiums to become adults. Every stadium needs 23~32 days . The adults can live to about 3~5 months . There are 3~4 months from egg development to adult. Hasarius adansoni like to move in grass and at the bottom of wall where there is plenty of food and no light.The scope of temperature is 15℃ to 33℃.There are 14 elements of behaviors known for Hasarius adansoni, including 4 predatory elements（such as Raise andlowered cephalothorax、Stalk、Leap and bit、Detour） , 3 agonistic behavior elements （such as Zigzag dance 1、First leg erect、Suddenly run and leap）, and 5 courtship behavior elements（such as Palp waving、First leg erect、Circular detour、Zigzag dance 2、Copulation）.But they don’t catch captures which are bigger than themselves；their main captures are little flies and Homidia sp. Relying on their vision and sensation hair，Hasarius adansoni’s Anterior Median eyes can identify for up to 12cm；long jump can for up to 12cm. The inference of jumping spider’s distribution could be that different species of jumping spiders in an area are sure to have their respective center habitats. They spread from the center habitats to disseminated areas. Then they overlap with those of their species and form a shared section of multiple species.

本研究利用蛋白質的環保、生物活性，金奈米粒子的低毒性，及蛋白質金奈米粒子的螢光特性，合成可應用於生物體內之螢光蛋白質金奈米粒子，從而利於標靶藥物研究。本研究選擇與眾多疾病相關的胰島素，以最佳方式合成紅色螢光胰島素金奈米粒子，有助於探討糖尿病相關機制。並嘗試以養晶得到結晶狀的胰島素金奈米粒子；經由離子測試發現胰島素金奈米粒子十分穩定，更可應用於細胞內微量氰離子檢測；根據CD光譜，確認胰島素金奈米粒子與胰島素的蛋白質二級結構相似。之後利用MTT測試細胞毒性，並將胰島素金奈米粒子餵入細胞，並取得細胞螢光影像，證明胰島素金奈米粒子可經由細胞表面之胰島素受體進入細胞內，且呈現紅色螢光，證明胰島素金奈米粒子可用於生物體內顯影追蹤。利用老鼠實驗證明胰島素金奈米粒子具有胰島素降血糖之功用。

槐葉蘋(Salvinia natnas)生長於台灣低海拔淡水濕地，目前已列為嚴重瀕臨滅絕的台灣原生物種，為不具有根的植物，是世界珍稀的漂浮型水生蕨類。本研究是探討槐葉蘋形態、生活史及生存環境因子，實驗發現可藉由成熟浮水葉外部形態特徵來區別槐葉蘋與外來種之人厭槐葉蘋(Salvinia molesta)；槐葉蘋成熟浮水葉呈橢圓形，葉上毛被物是叢生且分岔，人厭槐葉蘋成熟浮水葉呈雙耳形，葉上毛被物則像打蛋器。當兩物種共存於同一個環境空間時，人厭槐葉蘋以平均11.6 cm2/week 的生長率將槐葉蘋完全取而代之，顯示人厭槐葉蘋之入侵對槐葉蘋生存影響之深遠。經由兩年的槐葉蘋物候觀察，發現3~11 月為抽芽成長期、3~12 月為成熟繁殖期、12 月~隔年2 月為冬枯期及孢子囊果出現期，12 月~隔年5 月為孢子囊果成熟開裂期。其繁衍策略可分為無性繁殖（頂芽及側芽生長）及有性生殖（異配子體交配）。探討環境因子（光照度、氣溫、濕度、水質、水溫、pH 值）分析結果，適合槐葉蘋生存環境的條件為(1)陽光間接照射（半遮蔭，遮蔭度58.33%）、(2)乾淨未受污染的水質(pH 6.5~8)、(3)通風性良好。生長環境符合以上條件即可達到移地保育的目的。Salvinia natans, a floating fern without roots, grows in low elevation fresh water wetlands of Taiwan, and is a critically endangered precious Taiwanese native species. This research investigates the life form, life history, and living environment of Salvinia natans. Our experiments show that we can differentiate Salvinia natans and Salvinia molesta, two easily mixed up species. The shape of matured floating leaves of Salvinia natans is elliptical and smaller, while it is twin-ear shape and larger for Salvinia molesta. Also, they can be distinguished by their leaf hairs. The hairs of Salvinia natans are tufted and separated at the tips, while the hairs of Salvinia molesta form an ‘eggbeater’ shape at the tip. When these two species lived together, Salvinia molesta grew in a rate of 11.6 cm2/week and will replace all Salvinia natans eventually. This shows the profound impact of invasion of Salvinia molesta. From the data of 2-year phenology observation, we concluded that budding took place from Mar. to Nov., growing and reproducing from Mar. to Dec., decaying from Dec. to Feb. (sporocarps were born in this period), and sporocarps matured from Dec. to May. There are two reproduction strategies: sexual reproduction (intergametophytic mating), and asexual propagation (by terminal and axillary growth). After investigating the environment factors (illuminance, air temperature, water temperature, humidity, pH), we found that ex situ conservation for Salvinia natans requires 1) indirect sunshine, 2) unpolluted water (pH 6.5 ~8), and 3) good ventilation.

本實驗以吸附染料之二氧化鈦奈米結構電極層為承載基材的太陽能電池為研究對象，旨在增進其光電轉換效率，促使染料有效地吸收光能後造成電荷分離，再經由二氧化鈦傳導帶向外傳出而形成電流，即所謂染料敏化太陽能電池。實驗主軸共分三：1、合成染料N3：觀察吸附度與浸泡時間之關係，發現在18~20 小時電池有最佳吸附；改變電解液濃度，求得最佳電解液濃度範圍；酸化二氧化鈦極板。2、天然植物色素：改變溶劑，得出高極性之丙酮對電池最佳；酸、鹼化植物色素；觀察電池隨著光照時間增加，性質趨於穩定。3、混合色素與染料：此實驗旨在印證不同吸能範圍之染料在極板混合浸泡後，電池吸能帶是否有疊加、擴充的效果，並觀察分開浸泡與混合色素一起浸泡之不同效應，量測IPCE 以玆比較。實驗結果可知，確實對於電池吸光範圍有所增加，且分開浸泡之效果較好。This experiment is mainly about the phtosensitization of Ti02 solar cell, aiming at improving the energy conversion efficiency, promoting the electric charge to separate from TiO2 and spread out through after the dye absorbs light. That is so-called dye-sensitized solar cell. The experiment mainly divides into three parts: 1. Ruthenium(II): Observing the connection between adsorption and dipped-time, find out that solar cell has best to adsorb in 18 to 20 hours; change the concentration of electrolyte; acidification TiO2. 2. Photosynthetic pigments: Change solvent, and get the conclusion that pigment has better adsorption in high polar solvents such as acetone; acidification/basification pigments; observe the changing of energy conversion efficiency while the illumination time increases. 3. Mixed the dye and pigment: This experiment is aim at proofing that the absorption spectrum of soaked-TiO2 may mix after dipped in different dye and pigment. Furthermore, we compares the differences between TiO2 dipped in one mix solution and dipped in several solutions separately, measure its IPCE. According to the experiment, the spectrum of soaked-TiO2 is certainly larger, and dipping in solution separately has better effect to the battery.

氫氣在燃燒後只會產生水而不產生溫室氣體之二氧化碳，可謂一種潔淨能源。 生質能源是屬於碳中性(Carbon neutral)型之利用方式，因此本研究著眼於如何建構一個操作簡便的共代謝系統，將生質料源從微生物之發酵反應中釋放氫氣出來。 實驗的主要方法是利用好氧性的Bacillus thermoamylovorans 與厭氧性的Clostridium butyricum 共培養分解廢紙漿以生產氫氣。廢紙漿是混合的基質，內富含纖維素、並含一些油墨及少許雜質。利用Bacillus thermoamylovorans 是好氧菌，同時也能將廢紙漿中的纖維素轉換成還原醣的特性，將原本有氧的環境轉換成絕對厭氧的環境，並將廢紙漿中的纖維素轉化成Clostridium butyricum 可以利用的還原醣。如此一來，原本不利於Clostridium butyricum 生長的環境，卻能透過簡單的共培養方式創造出有利於Clostridium butyricum 生長的環境並產生氫氣。除此之外，我們也對不同碳源、不同的植菌量、不同的氧氣量，比較其產氫能力差異，發現增加氧氣量可以提升最後的產氫量大約2.7 倍。 ;Our major goal is to develop a cost-effective biohydrogen production system by the co-culturing of Bacillus thermoamylovorans and Clostridium butyricum. The aerobic Bacillus thermoamylovorans will consume oxygen and converse waste paper pulp into reductant-sugar and the anaerobic Clostridium butyricum will generate hydrogen after oxygen is consumed. With the increase of aeration, the aerobic Bacillus thermoamylovorans growsappropriately leading to more biohydrogen production. However, in enhanced aeration condition, the Bacillus thermoamylovorans will consume sugars that can offer for the Clostridium butyricum. So we can conclude that the control of oxygen is the key point for the system to operate.

自由基會產生在神經系統、免疫系統、血液循環系統等等，進而影響到人體各器官的運作,甚至於近年來許多醫生學者提出自由基病理:自由基是百病之源。本次實驗筆者挑選葡萄子、維生素C、綠茶來抑制清氧自由基(OH.)所採用的方法是將10%雙氧水製入注射筒並加亞鐵離子催化,,使其與抗氧化物反應,由於雙氧水分解會產生氫氣自由基與氧氣,因此筆者用倍率放大器(OPA)放大生成氧氣造成的電壓,並用Data Studio測量記錄,最後可由氧氣體積對電壓的趨勢圖看出抑制氫氣自由基的效果;Free radicals will be produced in our nerves system blood circulation immunization system etc. and they able to influene the operaion for our organs many medical scholars have even come up with "free radical pathology"-free radicals are sourse of all he diseases in recent years.In this study, I chose rape stone vitaminC and green tea to restrain hydroxide radicals(OH.) Here is summary of the experimental process. First,I put 10%hydrogen peroxide into an injector and then added ferrous ion to hydrogen peroxide to catalyze it. Second I let it reaact with the sample. Because hydrogen peroxide can produce hydroxide radicals and oxygen, I used the mutiplier(OPA) to amplify the pressure caused with the prducion of oxygen, measuring and recording resuls by the software"Data Studio"Finally, we can tell which antioxidant is more effective in restraining hydrode radicals from volume-voltage gragh.

可聽聲有向四周擴散繞射特性，而超聲波具有指向性，改以超聲波載送可聽音訊號後，其載波與旁頻帶均在超聲波範圍，實驗中人耳卻可聽到高度指向性聲音，且調幅解調後的可聽聲衰減率比純超聲波來的低。那為什麼超聲波會解調可聽音？我們以非線性的數學轉換概念，成功以數學推導解釋實驗中所聽到的可聽聲，是由旁頻經由非線性轉換而來的。為了證實空氣中的超聲波有非線性現象，以發射40KHz單頻訊號，除了接收到40KHz訊號外還可接收80KHz訊號，而80KHz訊號振幅，會隨著發射強度而遞增，也會隨著傳輸距離增加至穩定狀態，這所我們從文獻中的非線性理論所吻合。接下來進行調幅超聲波實驗，我們經理論計算旁頻帶強度為頻率響應與調變率乘積的一半，而解調可聽聲的強度為調變率、頻率響應與非線性係數三者乘積，我們也由實驗數據證實理論計算結果，在實驗中，換能器在40KHz有最佳的頻率響應，其非線性係數與所載送可聽聲頻率高低約略成正相關，並且與換能器距離遞增而越遠而增加。此外在提高高指向可聽音輸出功率方面，除製作專屬的放大器、運用方波取代正弦波來載波、配合陣列換能器輸出；在改善音質方面，利用等化器調整訊源頻譜分佈，降低低頻振幅，增強高頻振幅，讓各頻率的原始訊號都能有適當的調變，達到最佳音質。The audible sound has the characteristics of spreading and diffracting. And ultrasonic is directive. We modulate sound into ultrasonic signal. The carrier and sideband are ultrasonic frequency bands. But in the experiment, human can hear highly directive sound. In terms of attenuation rate, AM demodulation sound is lower than pure ultrasonic wave. Why can human hear the directive sound? By using the nonlinear mathematical transform, we managed to explain the audible sound which is transformed from sideband with nonlinear effect in the experiment. In order to confirm that nonlinear phenomena in the air ultrasonic, we launch 40KHz single tone ultrasonic signal. Besides the 40KHz signal, we also received 80KHz signal. The amplitude of 80KHz signal will increase with the emission intensity, and also with the transmission distance to increase its stability. These are consistent with nonlinear theory in the literature. Next we began AM ultrasonic experiment. We calculated the sideband intensity that is the product of frequency response and modulation index. The demodulation sound intensity is the product of modulation index, frequency response, and nonlinear coefficient. We also proved the calculated consequence through the experiment. In the experiment, the ultrasonic transducer has a best frequency response in 40KHz. The nonlinear coefficient has positive correlation with the modulation frequency, and increases transmission distance. To boost the power of directive audible sound, we made an amplifier, using square wave to replace sine wave of carrier, and in conjunction with array transducer output. To improve the sound quality, We use the spectrum-Equalizer to adjust the frequency distribution of the origin signal. The EQ reduces the low-frequency amplitude, and boost high-frequency amplitude, which enables every frequency of the original signal to be properly modulated, achieving the best sound quality.

在本實驗中，我們合成了三個新的鋅的幾何異構物：trans-facial-[Zn(dipica)₂]Cl2.CH3OH(dipica=dipicolylamine，C12H13N3，雙(2吡啶甲基)胺)trans-facial-[Zn(dien)2]Cl2(dien=diethylenetriamine，C4H14N3，二乙基三胺)及反式-[Zn(demn)2Cl2](demn=N,N’-dimethylethylenediamineC4H12N2，N,N'-二甲基乙二胺)。本實驗的特色皆在室溫下反應，採用擴散法培養晶體。trans-facial-[Zn(dipica)22]Cl2.CH3OH晶體為三斜晶系，晶格常數a=8.8269(6)Å, b=8.9908(6)Å, c=10.0292(6)Å,α=76.715(1)。,β=81.232(1)。,γ=67.753(1)。;其空間群為P1，可信度R=0.025,Rw=0.0697。六配位的陽離子，其結構為扭曲八面體，兩個含氮三牙基(dipica)trans-facial配位，赤道面(ZnN(1)N(2)N(1A)N(2A))由兩個含吡啶環之氮(N(1)、N(1A))及兩個飽和胺之氮(N(2)、N(2A))所組成。主軸為兩個吡啶環之氮所組成。兩個含氮三牙基(dipica)與鋅的咬合角皆為84.5。。trans-facial-[Zn(dien)2]Cl2晶體為單斜晶系，晶格常數為a=11.3050(3)Å,b=10.9264(3)Å, c=12.6147(3)Å,β=92.884(1)。;其空間群為P21/c，可信度R=0.0191，Rw=0.0484。六配位的離子，其結構為扭曲八面體，兩個含氮三牙基(dien)與鋅的咬合角為156°、157°。反式-[Zn(dmen)2Cl2]晶體為單斜晶系，晶格常數 a=10.3397(4)Å,b=8.5916(4)Å,c=7.9774(3)Å,β=100.520(1)°;其空間群為C2/m，可信度R=0.0266，Rw=0.0686。其結構為八面體，鋅原子四個氮原子組成赤道面(ZnN(1)N(1A)N(1B)N(1C))，兩個氯原子位於此平面的兩側。兩個含氮雙牙基(dmen)與鋅的咬合角皆為83.0(1)Å。 In this study, we have synthesized three new geometrical isomers of zinc(II)complexes: trans-facial-bis(dipicolylamine)zinc(II)chloride-mathanol(1/2)(trans-fac-[Zn(dipica)2]Cl2.2CH3OH), trans-facial-bis(ethylenetriamine)zinc(II)chloride(trans-fac[Zn(dien)2]Cl2)and trans-bis(N, N'-dimethylethylenetriamine)zinc(II)chloride(trans-[Zn(dmen)2]Cl2). The crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction were obtained by slow diffusion of ether to solution of the products. There molecular strctures determined by X-ray diffraction. The complex trans-fac-[Zn(dipica)2]Cl2.2CH3OH crystallizes in the triclinic space group P 1 with a=8.8269(6)Å, b=8.9908(6)Å, c=10.0292(6)Å,α=76.715(1)。,β=81.232(1)。,γ= 67.753(1)。, for Z=1. The R value is 0.0259 for 3286 significant reflections. In the hexacoordinate cation, the two tridentate dipicolylamine ligands are trans-facially coordinated with two pyridine nitrogens and two secondary amine nitrogens situated on four positions in a basal plane(ZnN(1)N(2)N(1A)N(2A)). The remaining two pyridine nitrogens constitute the axis in a distorted octahedra structure. Colorless trans-fac-[Zn(dien)2]Cl2 crystallizes the monoclinic space group P21/c with a=11.3050(3)Å, b=10.9264(3)Å, c =12.6147(3)Å,β=92.884(1)。,and Z=1. The R value is 0.0191 for 3285 significant reflections. The zinc(II) atom has distorted octahedra coordination, in which the ligands are bound in a trans-facial configuration. Colorless trans-[Zn(dmen)2Cl2] crystallizes the monoclinic space group C2/m with a=10.3397(4)Å, b= 8.5916(4)Å, c=7.9774(3)Å,β=100.520(1)。, and Z=2. The R value is 0.0266 for 856 significant reflections. The zinc(II)atom of trans-[Zn(dmen)2Cl2]is six coordinate with 4 nitrogens of bidentate dmen forming a basal plane(ZnN(1)N(1B)N(1A)N(1C)),and two chlorines on the axial sites completing an octahedra structure.

磁粉探傷過程包含兩個重要的物理現象，其一是磁力線於工作瑕疵處的漏磁現象而形成邊緣磁場，其二是鐵粉顆粒受邊緣磁場的影響而向工作瑕疵處附近聚集現象分別反應出磁場在通過不同介質時所遵循的折射原哩，以及磁場分佈對鐵粉顆粒產生的磁力原理。本研究以電磁通電產生靜磁場，並利用兩電磁鐵間的氣隙來模擬工件瑕疵，因電磁鐵的磁導係數遠大於空氣之磁導係數而造成漏磁場方向機與漏磁面垂直，形成一單純的邊界條件使得邊緣磁通密度的解析解可直接利用馬克斯威爾方程式求得。我們亦導出空氣中的磁通分佈對微小的鐵粉顆粒所產生的磁力公式，發現鐵粉顆粒受靜磁力的大小與該顆粒的體積、磁通密度與磁通密度之梯度成正比，而其方向則與磁通密度之梯度一致，此結論與磁粉探傷過程中，鐵粉向工件瑕疵處聚集的現象吻合。實驗設計採用螢光粉混合鐵粉以獲致明顯的鐵粉顆粒運動軌跡，用數位錄影機紀錄後再擷取影像圖檔判讀其位置與時間之關係，進而反算鐵粉顆粒之位置與所受之靜磁力的關係，以定量的方式證實所推導的邊緣磁場分佈公式以及磁力公式。Two important physical phenomena are observed in the practice of magnetic particle inspection (MPI). The first one is that leakage flux is present in the defect area of the work-piece under inspection. The second one is that magnetic particles aggregate in the vicinity of the defect. These phenomena manifest the theory of flux refraction, which occurs in the intersection area of two different magnetic materials, and the theory of magneto-static force, which is experienced by the iron powder in a magnetic field distribution. Two electromagnets, made of cast steel, are aligned together such that the leakage flux in the air gap forms a fringing field distribution. It is this magnetic field distribution that simulates a defect area in a magnetized magnetic work-piece. Since the permeability of cast steel is far larger than that of air, the direction of the fringing field at the surface of the electromagnets is almost perpendicular to the surface. Such a simple geometry renders an analytical solution to the Maxwell’s equations. The magnetic force of the magneto-static field exerting on the magnetic particle, an iron powder in this case, can be derived by using the principle of virtual displacement. We obtain a formula of magnetic force, whose direction coincides with the gradient of the magnetic flux density and whose magnitude is proportional to the magnitude of the particle volume, the magnetic flux density and its gradient. This formula also agrees with the observation in MPI that the magnetic particles aggregate in the vicinity of the defect.

Lotus effect（蓮花效應）是蓮葉表面化學組成（wax）與物理組成（微纖維結構）兩者所造成。本研究是以模擬Lotus effect，採用Sol-Gel 製成，將氟化矽聚合為奈米膠體。實驗結果發現，以異丙醇為溶劑，再依序加入氟化矽、硝酸以製成的Sol-Gel，將其塗覆於玻璃表面，可得到最高的接觸角（114.71°），且少量的氟化矽可製成大量的成品，已具有實用價值又兼顧成本的優點，最重要的是，本研究克服了目前Sol-Gel 製程與應用的四大難題（機械強度、與基材接著問題、透明度、溶膠凝固問題），可說是一大創舉。利用所研發出來的奈米溶膠，我們能成功地將Sol-Gel 附著於布料、玻璃、釉表面、粉體，也能成功地研發出具有自潔透氣的布料、救生衣、雪衣、棉被及自潔功能的玻璃、磁磚與市面上尚未研發出的防水粉體（接觸角＞140°），因此我們研發出的Sol-Gel 應用甚廣，有無限的發展潛力。Chemical composition (wax) and physical characteristics (microstructure) of lotus leaves are both responsible of the so call Lotus Effect. In this study we intend to demonstrate louts effect by applying Sol-Gel method to polymerize fluorosilane into nano-scale colloid. Our experimental results shown that the sol-gel made based on isopropanol solvent with fluorosilane and nitric acid added in order, when coated on glass plate, can achieve highest (liquid-surface) contact angle of 114.7 degrees. In addition, only small quantity of fluorosilane is sufficient to produce large amount of product, making this method feasible and cost-effective. More importantly, this procedure overcome the four major difficulty of sol-gel processing and application, namely mechanical toughness, adhesion with substrate, transparency, and consolidation. Using the nano-sol-gel developed in this study, we have successfully coated the sol-gel onto fabric, glass, ceramic grazing surface, and powder, which allow one to make self-cleaning breathable clothes, life jacket, snow cloth, futon and self-cleaning glass and tiles, as well as water-proof powder (contact angle > 140 degrees) which is brand new on market. We therefore believe that there is a great potential for the application of sol-gel developed in this study.

本文發現發放射毛黴（ Actinomucor elegans）為製豆腐乳之最佳菌種。實驗包括形態、生理及抱子萌芽之生理。在靜態合成毛做培養液（ Still synthetic Mucor Solution ）中放射毛黴佳長以第 5 天之乾重量最高，孢子形成與發育在快速生長期之末。最宜生長之生理條件為憑度 30oC 酸鹼度7，相對濕度 92 % ( 30oC 時），振盪培養。更進一步在不同溫度，酸鹼度、濕度、孢子濃度、基本餐養物、氮源、乙醇蒸氣、二氧化碳濃度下加以探討孢子萌芽生理，結果顯示放射毛黴孢子萌芽最宜溫度為 30oC、釀鹼度7，相對濕度 92%，孢子萌芽率因孢子濃度增加而減少，最有效刺激孢子萌芽之基本營養物需要葡萄糖、硝酸鹽和磷酸二氫鹽三種混合物，數種供試的氮源以酵母抽取物刺激孢子萌芽最有效，乙醇蒸氣 1 ％或 l ％以上抱子萌芽即受仰制，大氣中的CO2濃度已足夠孢子萌芽之需，太高或太低濃度反而有害，孢子熱死點測得為55oC。