本實驗以吸附染料之二氧化鈦奈米結構電極層為承載基材的太陽能電池為研究對象，旨在增進其光電轉換效率，促使染料有效地吸收光能後造成電荷分離，再經由二氧化鈦傳導帶向外傳出而形成電流，即所謂染料敏化太陽能電池。實驗主軸共分三：1、合成染料N3：觀察吸附度與浸泡時間之關係，發現在18~20 小時電池有最佳吸附；改變電解液濃度，求得最佳電解液濃度範圍；酸化二氧化鈦極板。2、天然植物色素：改變溶劑，得出高極性之丙酮對電池最佳；酸、鹼化植物色素；觀察電池隨著光照時間增加，性質趨於穩定。3、混合色素與染料：此實驗旨在印證不同吸能範圍之染料在極板混合浸泡後，電池吸能帶是否有疊加、擴充的效果，並觀察分開浸泡與混合色素一起浸泡之不同效應，量測IPCE 以玆比較。實驗結果可知，確實對於電池吸光範圍有所增加，且分開浸泡之效果較好。This experiment is mainly about the phtosensitization of Ti02 solar cell, aiming at improving the energy conversion efficiency, promoting the electric charge to separate from TiO2 and spread out through after the dye absorbs light. That is so-called dye-sensitized solar cell. The experiment mainly divides into three parts: 1. Ruthenium(II): Observing the connection between adsorption and dipped-time, find out that solar cell has best to adsorb in 18 to 20 hours; change the concentration of electrolyte; acidification TiO2. 2. Photosynthetic pigments: Change solvent, and get the conclusion that pigment has better adsorption in high polar solvents such as acetone; acidification/basification pigments; observe the changing of energy conversion efficiency while the illumination time increases. 3. Mixed the dye and pigment: This experiment is aim at proofing that the absorption spectrum of soaked-TiO2 may mix after dipped in different dye and pigment. Furthermore, we compares the differences between TiO2 dipped in one mix solution and dipped in several solutions separately, measure its IPCE. According to the experiment, the spectrum of soaked-TiO2 is certainly larger, and dipping in solution separately has better effect to the battery.

本實驗利用簡單的儀器（使用毛細管與注射針筒）, 求出不同混合比例之有機溶液的各個成分之蒸氣壓、蒸發速率與蒸發量 , 進而可推算出蒸發熱速率,而利用此實驗得到的數值,並可應用在不同的領域,如日常生活中之散熱劑、工業上之機器散熱、及醫療上之人體退燒等,均可利用此實驗程序找出適當的比例,\r 並可進一步理論探討「拉午耳定律中正負偏差」以及「蒸氣中各成分的組成活性」。 \r In this experiment, simple instruments including capillary tubes and syringes are\r used to find vapor pressure, rate of evaporation, and evapotranspiration of all\r elements of organic solution under different mixed proportions. In this way, the\r rate of evaporation that can be compared ; therefore, becomes suitable for different\r areas that include heat dissipation for daily life, machine heat dissipation for\r industry, and fever reduction for medical applications. In other words, the experiment\r proposed here can be utilized to find the appropriate ratio. Meanwhile, we can use\r the results to perform the theoretical investigation of Positive-Negative Bias of\r Raoult's Law and Component Activity of Vapor.

設Γ為一平面曲線而 P 為一定點 , 自P 向Γ所有的切線作對稱點，則所有對稱點所成的圖形Γ1 稱為曲線Γ對定點P 的double pedal curve , Γ1 對定點P 的double pedal curve Γ2 稱為曲線Γ對定點P 的2-th double pedal curve , Γ2 對定點P 的double pedal curve Γ3 稱為曲線 Γ對定點P 的3-th double pedal curve ,…… 。以下是本文主要的結果：結論A：當Γ為一圓形而P 為圓上一點時 , 計算其n−th double pedal curve 的方程式。結論B：當Γ為任意平滑的參數曲線而P 為任意一點時 , Γ的 double pedal curve 的切線性質。結論C：當Γ為任意平滑的參數曲線而P 為(0,0)時, 計算其n−th double pedal curve 的方程式。 Given a plane curve Γand a fixed point P ,the locus of the reflection of P about the tangent to the curveΓis called the double pedal curve of Γwith respect to P.We denote Γ1 as the double pedal curve of Γwith respect to P, Γ2 as the double pedal curve of Γ1 with respect to P , Γ3 as the double pedal curve of Γ2 with respect to P ,and so on , we call Γn the n-th double pedal curve of Γwith respect to P. If Γ is a circle, and P is a point on the circle, we got the parametric equation of the n−th double pedal curve of Γ with respect to P. And, for any parametric plane curve Γ; we got the method to draw the tangent of the double pedal curve of Γ.

磁粉探傷過程包含兩個重要的物理現象，其一是磁力線於工作瑕疵處的漏磁現象而形成邊緣磁場，其二是鐵粉顆粒受邊緣磁場的影響而向工作瑕疵處附近聚集現象分別反應出磁場在通過不同介質時所遵循的折射原哩，以及磁場分佈對鐵粉顆粒產生的磁力原理。本研究以電磁通電產生靜磁場，並利用兩電磁鐵間的氣隙來模擬工件瑕疵，因電磁鐵的磁導係數遠大於空氣之磁導係數而造成漏磁場方向機與漏磁面垂直，形成一單純的邊界條件使得邊緣磁通密度的解析解可直接利用馬克斯威爾方程式求得。我們亦導出空氣中的磁通分佈對微小的鐵粉顆粒所產生的磁力公式，發現鐵粉顆粒受靜磁力的大小與該顆粒的體積、磁通密度與磁通密度之梯度成正比，而其方向則與磁通密度之梯度一致，此結論與磁粉探傷過程中，鐵粉向工件瑕疵處聚集的現象吻合。實驗設計採用螢光粉混合鐵粉以獲致明顯的鐵粉顆粒運動軌跡，用數位錄影機紀錄後再擷取影像圖檔判讀其位置與時間之關係，進而反算鐵粉顆粒之位置與所受之靜磁力的關係，以定量的方式證實所推導的邊緣磁場分佈公式以及磁力公式。Two important physical phenomena are observed in the practice of magnetic particle inspection (MPI). The first one is that leakage flux is present in the defect area of the work-piece under inspection. The second one is that magnetic particles aggregate in the vicinity of the defect. These phenomena manifest the theory of flux refraction, which occurs in the intersection area of two different magnetic materials, and the theory of magneto-static force, which is experienced by the iron powder in a magnetic field distribution. Two electromagnets, made of cast steel, are aligned together such that the leakage flux in the air gap forms a fringing field distribution. It is this magnetic field distribution that simulates a defect area in a magnetized magnetic work-piece. Since the permeability of cast steel is far larger than that of air, the direction of the fringing field at the surface of the electromagnets is almost perpendicular to the surface. Such a simple geometry renders an analytical solution to the Maxwell’s equations. The magnetic force of the magneto-static field exerting on the magnetic particle, an iron powder in this case, can be derived by using the principle of virtual displacement. We obtain a formula of magnetic force, whose direction coincides with the gradient of the magnetic flux density and whose magnitude is proportional to the magnitude of the particle volume, the magnetic flux density and its gradient. This formula also agrees with the observation in MPI that the magnetic particles aggregate in the vicinity of the defect.

根據研究結果，溫室效應使全球暖化，海洋溫度溫差變大，對流速度加快；暖流由赤道向北流，鹽度增加，流速會變慢；冷流由北極向南流，因為鹽度增加，海水密度増大，冷流無法下沉，造成流速變慢。溫度越低，鹽度會增加，密度就會變大，所以洋流會往下沉，越往下鹽度越高，當冷水跟周圍達平衡時，就不再繼續往下沉，反而會沿水平方向移動。電影「明天過後」所描述的氣候現象是指北極冰棚融化後，由於北大西洋海水鹽度降低造成全球「大溫鹽循環」（thermohaline circulation）停止，海洋從低緯到高緯的熱傳輸能力降低，使地球進入冰期狀態，美洲北部全面冰封的情景。這樣的電影場景不可能在短時間內發生。

Refer to Figure 1. Suppose ABCD is a trapezoid and . Passing the intersection M of and we construct a parallel line intersecting and at E and F, respectively. We obtain that , and then we can generalize the result. 如(圖一)，若ABCD為梯形且，過 和交點M 分別作平行線交、 於E 、F ，可得 的關係，再加以推廣。

由於台灣山區溪流短小陡急，土石流災害嚴重，透過式防砂壩攔阻工法為現\r 今之趨勢，而帄面透水柵具有一般透過式壩的優點，不但能將土石流轉化為水砂\r 流，還可以減低土石流衝擊力造成的損壞及改善上游儲砂空間不足的問題。本研\r 究採用改良式帄面柵，在下游處增設分流河道，可改善分離出之細顆粒土砂水與\r 大礫石再度結合之危險。此工法於2003 年引進台灣後，尚未廣泛應用，主要原因\r 為缺乏設計之經驗式，因此本研究針對透水柵的柵棒長度（L/ Dmax）、棒淨間距\r （b/ Dmax）、柵面架設方式、柵面篩分角度（θ）等多項重要因子進行室內渠槽\r 試驗，最後提出土砂篩分比與攔阻率的趨勢方程式，設計時以總攔阻率（R）高為\r 原則，輔以篩分比（S）與貯砂率（R1）高，即可有良好之成效，期望能作為國內\r 外現場工程施做時之參考，結果如下所示。

費曼曾說：There is plenty of room at the bottom。喬治亞理工大學的Mostafa El-Sayed 教授發表的癌細胞辨識、與科學月刊報導『台大抗煞一號』引發我們對膠體金粒子的興趣。膠體的性質主要是由界達電位 (zeta potential)決定。參考台科大、成大、中山…等超音波應用研究，提出改良篩選物理法製造之膠體金粒子的儀器設計與製作。經沉降過濾可達平均粒徑 100 nm；而離心式篩選機與超音波管式篩選機可達平均粒徑30 nm。篩選後的膠體粒子以電容原理調控膠體金粒子之界達電位 (zeta potential)，成功地從-30 mV 提升至-59 mV，並發展成電容超音波界達電位控制儀(Capacitor Ultrasonic Zeta Potential Controller)。以膠體金粒子與蛋白質鍵結量來測試調控界達電位的效果，發現蛋白質鍵結量之增加曲線與界達電位的增加曲線的增加趨勢相似；此功能的發現對於生物科技方面的應用應會有很大的幫助。透過界達電位控制系統，本研究達到費曼先生所期望的「在原子或分子的尺度上來加工材料和製造設備」。“There is plenty room at the bottom.” The words of Mr. Feynman are the beginning of nano technology. Mostafa El-Sayed, a professor of Georgia Institute Technology, identified cancer cells through nano gold-antibody complex. So, our study focuses on the zeta potential of colloidal gold particles. At first, the filtering method and equipments were developed. The theories were based on the ultrasonic studies of universities such as National Taiwan University of Science and Technology. Then the colloidal gold’s sizes were filtered to100 nm through settling. At last, by using Continual-Filtering Centrifuge (CoCe.) and Tube Well Mass (TW-MS), the mean particles sizes can be filtered to 30 nm. The most important results are: Zeta potential of the gold colloid was controlled with Capacitor Ultrasonic Zeta Potential Controller. The zeta potential can be raised from -30 mV up to -59 mV, which is -20 mV higher than the conventional pH-changing way. The function of zeta potential to protein binding quantity was tested. The increasing curves of zeta potential and protein binding quantity were similar. This property would be a significance of biotechnology. Thourgh Capacitor Ultrasonic Zeta Potential Control system, the zeta potential’s limitation of gold colliod, which is produced by SANSS (Submerged Arc Nanoparticles Synthesis System), can be controled in a wilder range. The study which is focused on nano-scale, like the wish of Mr. Feynman – “To manufacture material and produce equipment in atom and molecular scale”.

自由基會產生在神經系統、免疫系統、血液循環系統等等，進而影響到人體各器官的運作,甚至於近年來許多醫生學者提出自由基病理:自由基是百病之源。本次實驗筆者挑選葡萄子、維生素C、綠茶來抑制清氧自由基(OH.)所採用的方法是將10%雙氧水製入注射筒並加亞鐵離子催化,,使其與抗氧化物反應,由於雙氧水分解會產生氫氣自由基與氧氣,因此筆者用倍率放大器(OPA)放大生成氧氣造成的電壓,並用Data Studio測量記錄,最後可由氧氣體積對電壓的趨勢圖看出抑制氫氣自由基的效果;Free radicals will be produced in our nerves system blood circulation immunization system etc. and they able to influene the operaion for our organs many medical scholars have even come up with "free radical pathology"-free radicals are sourse of all he diseases in recent years.In this study, I chose rape stone vitaminC and green tea to restrain hydroxide radicals(OH.) Here is summary of the experimental process. First,I put 10%hydrogen peroxide into an injector and then added ferrous ion to hydrogen peroxide to catalyze it. Second I let it reaact with the sample. Because hydrogen peroxide can produce hydroxide radicals and oxygen, I used the mutiplier(OPA) to amplify the pressure caused with the prducion of oxygen, measuring and recording resuls by the software"Data Studio"Finally, we can tell which antioxidant is more effective in restraining hydrode radicals from volume-voltage gragh.

Thermal expansion exists in our daily life. However, thermal expansion is generally too slight to be seen by naked eyes. Therefore, in the present project, a dilatometer was assembled to enhance better sensitivity toward thermal expansion. Hopefully the self-assembled dilatometer could contribute to teaching purpose.The structure of our 4th generation dilatometer is showed below. Using an ‘L’ square to hang up the metal stick and a rolling needle with a mirror to reflect the laser light are the critical parts of this equipment. By using this special reflection mechanism, the slight expansion of a metal stick caused by heat can be enlarged to a large scale. This special mechanism is where our creativity laid. Measuring in millimeter (mm), the measurement precision of the equipment can be extended to 0.0001 decimal. Our dilatometer was used to measure the expansion of various metal sticks caused by the temperature changes. Results were drawn from analysis of the data: 1) The average relative deflection was within 1.0~1.8%; 2) The relative deviation of linear thermal expansion coefficient was within –1.2~-4.4%. 物質熱漲冷縮的特性普遍存在於我們的生活環境中，但因其變化量相對微小，一般並不容易直接觀察，爲了進一步研究這課題，我們組裝偵測熱膨脹的儀器，並希望儀器的靈敏度高，能推廣為教學器材，經過我們不斷努力與改良，終於有了令人愉悅的成果。 自製第四代熱膨脹儀的結構如圖，設計「角尺懸吊金屬棒」與「滾針及鏡面反射」是儀器的重要部份，利用滾針旋轉及鏡面反射雷射光，加乘放大熱膨脹的微量變化，這是我們主要的創意，以公厘（mm）為單位，儀器的精確值到小數第四位。 利用自製的熱膨脹儀，探討金屬熱膨脹的影響因素。分析實驗所得數據，平均相對偏差在1.0~1.8﹪，而線膨脹係數的相對誤差約-1.2~-4.4﹪。

Lotus effect（蓮花效應）是蓮葉表面化學組成（wax）與物理組成（微纖維結構）兩者所造成。本研究是以模擬Lotus effect，採用Sol-Gel 製成，將氟化矽聚合為奈米膠體。實驗結果發現，以異丙醇為溶劑，再依序加入氟化矽、硝酸以製成的Sol-Gel，將其塗覆於玻璃表面，可得到最高的接觸角（114.71°），且少量的氟化矽可製成大量的成品，已具有實用價值又兼顧成本的優點，最重要的是，本研究克服了目前Sol-Gel 製程與應用的四大難題（機械強度、與基材接著問題、透明度、溶膠凝固問題），可說是一大創舉。利用所研發出來的奈米溶膠，我們能成功地將Sol-Gel 附著於布料、玻璃、釉表面、粉體，也能成功地研發出具有自潔透氣的布料、救生衣、雪衣、棉被及自潔功能的玻璃、磁磚與市面上尚未研發出的防水粉體（接觸角＞140°），因此我們研發出的Sol-Gel 應用甚廣，有無限的發展潛力。Chemical composition (wax) and physical characteristics (microstructure) of lotus leaves are both responsible of the so call Lotus Effect. In this study we intend to demonstrate louts effect by applying Sol-Gel method to polymerize fluorosilane into nano-scale colloid. Our experimental results shown that the sol-gel made based on isopropanol solvent with fluorosilane and nitric acid added in order, when coated on glass plate, can achieve highest (liquid-surface) contact angle of 114.7 degrees. In addition, only small quantity of fluorosilane is sufficient to produce large amount of product, making this method feasible and cost-effective. More importantly, this procedure overcome the four major difficulty of sol-gel processing and application, namely mechanical toughness, adhesion with substrate, transparency, and consolidation. Using the nano-sol-gel developed in this study, we have successfully coated the sol-gel onto fabric, glass, ceramic grazing surface, and powder, which allow one to make self-cleaning breathable clothes, life jacket, snow cloth, futon and self-cleaning glass and tiles, as well as water-proof powder (contact angle > 140 degrees) which is brand new on market. We therefore believe that there is a great potential for the application of sol-gel developed in this study.

從研究抑制乙烯的實驗中碰巧得到的靈感，讓我們找到了水果中一種不可思議的變化，水果在撞擊之後乙烯量會增加，因而帶動水果的糖度上升，甜度增加!! 我們利用水果內的逆境機制，使得水果在外界刺激之下（如：撞擊），出現加速成熟的效果。我們經由多次的實驗，在各種水果的數據中，分析變甜的原因，及與乙烯量增加、pH 值下降的相互關係。並且找出除了搖動外，其他可以使水果糖度增加的方式。有了這些方法，我們可以在家中自行加工水果，使未成熟的水果快速成熟、使已經成熟的水果更甜，再也不會因非產季而妨礙到吃的興致!! We get an inspiration form the experiment for controlling ethylene. We find an unimaginably different change of fruits. After ramming, the amount of ethylene in the fruit will increase. This makes the sweet degree of the fruit increase, and it tastes more sweetly!! With adversity system of fruit, we make fruit ripe quickly by external excitement.（ex: ram）Through many experiments and the data of all kinds of fruits, we can assay the reason for fruits’ becoming sweeter, and interrelation between increasing ethylene and decreasing pH value. And find other ways except for shaking to make sugar degree rise. With these ways, we can process fruits by ourselves at home. We can make unripe fruit mature quickly, make ripe fruit sweeter, and we will no longer be obstructed to eat fruit even if it won’t be produced in that season.