Aims of the project Prevent youth from the -reckless use of the road .shoulder .Reduce the congested roads - Reduce accidents resulting - from the wrong use of the road .shoulder Idea of the Project The control system based road shoulder constantly and actors vis notice of the existence of any prejudice to the safety of road users to take the necessary action against them The beneficiaries of the System With health-Bouts With emergency situations The way the system works When any vehicle parked on the road shoulder remote sensors sensing the vehicle body and the issuance of the initial reference point against the vehicle on the shoulder of a road..And after a period of time known by the concerned and at the same time the system to identify the site and send information to the authority concerned in turn, take the necessary

原產於西非的「神秘果」，嘗了之後，30~200 分內，所有酸苦的東西嘗起來都是甜的。在深入蒐集相關資料後，我們發現神秘果有多種特殊效果，僅擷取以下幾種感興趣之方向來研究。〈1〉使酸苦的感覺變甜〈2〉解酒〈3〉消除蚊蟲叮咬之腫、癢〈4〉抗氧化能力極強。用食鹽水可萃取出miraculin 這種醣蛋白，經由生化實驗，推測使酸味變甜為其cover 舌尖甜味味蕾之結果，分子量約為40000 左右；但在檢測過程中，發現對咖啡、黃連和肉桂，都沒有太顯著的效果，只有酸味有顯著的改變，和以往所閱讀的研究報告有出入，因此懷 疑有氧化還原等其他化學效果，將再做深一層研究。消除蚊蟲叮咬之腫癢的成分確定為小分子所致。經由Prolox 當量測定法檢測神秘果抗氧化能力數值高達4974g/nmol，比一般中草藥及蔬菜多3000 左右。使酸變甜的原因若深入研究對糖尿病患者和減肥者都是一大福音，塗抹蚊蟲叮咬藥膏也可用天然物質製作，而抗氧化能力高更對人體健康有所幫助。當台灣已大量栽植，相對於日本及美國因地寒而無法培育成功，神秘果研究可成為另一項產業發展契機。 "Miracle fruit” is a fruit from West Africa. Though it's not sweet itself, if you eat anything that is sour or bitter after eating miracle fruit, the taste will turn sweet. After researching further material, we discovered that there are many amazing functions in miracle fruit, and decided to pick up some of which to study. (1) Turning the sour and bitter tastes into sweetness (2) Relieving alcohol (3) Relieving the hurt from mosquitoes and bugs (4) An excellent antioxidant. We can extract the miraculin that changes the taste from NaCl (aq), and through the biological experiment, we guess that's because miraculin covers the sweet sensor. The molecular weight of miraculin is about 40000.According to the experiment, we found out that miraculin doesn't have a great effect on the taste other than sourness, such as the bitterness of black coffee, Coptis chinensis, and cinnamon. . It is much more different from the former report we read. So we doubt that there are some other reactions. The thing, which relieves the hurt from mosquitoes and bugs, are sure to be a simple molecule, not a protein. By the Prolox equivalent weight experiment, we found that the ability of antioxidation got to 4974g/nmol, which is much higher than the normal vegetables and fruits. The effect of taste changing is really good news for diabetics and weight reducers. And the medicine can also be made by natural material. The excellent antioxidation is helpful for our health, too. Since Japan and America cannot grow the miracle fruit because of the cold weather, developing the functions of miracle fruit seems to be another chance for Taiwan to stand out in the world.

本實驗利用簡單的儀器（使用毛細管與注射針筒）, 求出不同混合比例之有機溶液的各個成分之蒸氣壓、蒸發速率與蒸發量 , 進而可推算出蒸發熱速率,而利用此實驗得到的數值,並可應用在不同的領域,如日常生活中之散熱劑、工業上之機器散熱、及醫療上之人體退燒等,均可利用此實驗程序找出適當的比例,\r 並可進一步理論探討「拉午耳定律中正負偏差」以及「蒸氣中各成分的組成活性」。 \r In this experiment, simple instruments including capillary tubes and syringes are\r used to find vapor pressure, rate of evaporation, and evapotranspiration of all\r elements of organic solution under different mixed proportions. In this way, the\r rate of evaporation that can be compared ; therefore, becomes suitable for different\r areas that include heat dissipation for daily life, machine heat dissipation for\r industry, and fever reduction for medical applications. In other words, the experiment\r proposed here can be utilized to find the appropriate ratio. Meanwhile, we can use\r the results to perform the theoretical investigation of Positive-Negative Bias of\r Raoult's Law and Component Activity of Vapor.

p53 蛋白是一種轉錄調控因子，其在抑制癌症的形成扮演很重要的角色。已知的報告顯示它能影響下游特定蛋白表現進而調控細胞週期或促使細胞進行凋亡作用。如此作用機制對於可能癌化的細胞在生物體造成傷害之前能被先行消滅，因此正常的p53 蛋白存在與否，對癌症的產生有很大的影響。 根據上述結果，我們想分析不同表現量的p53 是否對於致癌藥劑-EtBr所引發的癌化細胞有所影響。所以我們設計實驗，將具有正常表現量p53 蛋白的老鼠(p53+/+)與僅能表現少量p53 蛋白的老鼠(p53+/-)，均塗以等劑量之致癌藥劑EtBr於其大腿皮膚上，觀察其致癌情形的差異。實驗結果發現 : 在塗EtBr 的14 隻p53+/-老鼠中，有3 隻出現了組織病變的症狀，包括脾臟腫大，淋巴組織長出腫瘤，而其他對照組(一)塗EtBr 的p53+/+老鼠，(二)不塗EtBr 的p53+/+老鼠或(三)不塗EtBr 的p53+/-老鼠都沒有產生異常的症狀。因此根據上述實驗結果進行推論，發現經EtBr 的刺激後，p53+/-的老鼠的確較其他的老鼠更容易得到癌化細胞。;p53 is a transcription factor that plays an important role in suppression of tumorgenesis. Previous reports showed it regulates cell cycle and enhances cell apoptosis by effecting specific proteins expression. By this way, the problematic tumor cell can be deleted to protect organism from tumor damage. According above conclusion, we are interested to know whether p53 plays a role involved the carcinogens-EtBr induced tumorgenesis. We compared the differences of tumorgenesis between mice express normal (p53+/+) or low (p53+/-) expression level of p53 proteins when they are smeared equal amount of EtBr on skin of thigh. In here, our results show three of fourteen p53+/- mice had pathological changes, containing spleen enlargement and lymphoma. However, other three comparisons, smear p53+/+ mice with EtBr (1), without EtBr (2) or p53+/- without EtBr(3), are normal. Therefore, We suggest that p53+/- mice are easily to obtain tumor than p53+/+ mice after EtBr treatment.

此研究之重點在於如何建構一套人工智慧方法，人工智慧含多種進行方式，例如以類神經網路訓練近似於人腦之結構，而專家系統係於不同的科學領域內以自己之所知判斷。我們先以 John Holland 的 Genetic Algorithm （暫譯基因演算法，以下暫稱GA）的理論來實作出一套人工智慧系統之方法。Genetic Programming 係以ＧＡ為基礎之實作方法，主要的內容不出基本的演化定義；在這次的試驗中，首要為先定出程式欲演化成何種類型，在此我們先定義為排序型的演算法，經過分析實際程式之結構後定出適合基因元件的資料結構，分化為兩個部份進行，一為產生器，亦為突變，交配器，一為評審程式，亦為執行器，兩者使用相同之基本元件，再以不斷的交配和突變以達到全域最佳化。我們將兩種部份完成後，加上現有的PVM 分散運算函式庫來增加演算的速度。 Abstract The research mainly discusses AI. AI, involves in several types, for example, neural network(NN),which adopts human-like training method; Expert systems determine and make decision by what it has known. We will use John Koza's Genetic Programming theory to implement an AI system.Genetic Programming theory is based on GA. In our experiments, we have to define what kind of applications we want : a sorting application, which is divided into two parts - a producer (along with crossover and mutation operations) and an executor (along with judging operations), is an easyimplemented algorithm. Our program, also with PVM, will approaches global optimal after evolutions.

無疣蝎虎（Hemidactylus bowringii）與蝎虎（Hemidactylus freuatus）分類上屬蜥蜴目守宮科蝎虎屬，為本島住家附近常見且生態地位相近的壁虎，近年來因人為因素使原本有地理區隔的兩種壁虎在北部地區產生共域現象。本研究利用問卷來調查兩種壁虎分佈狀況，並用「體型大小」、「食物競爭能力」兩種指標，設計實驗評估種間競爭程度，來探討兩種居家壁虎種間競爭程度。問卷調查及物種採集結果顯示，在台北市各行政區確實存在共域現象，且分佈數量互有消長。體型大小比較上，蝎虎體型較無疣蝎虎稍大，但在統計上無顯著差異。食物競爭能力強弱比較上，以斷尾後尾巴增長量為指標，結果兩者大致相等，無顯著差異。綜合以上研究結果，顯示兩者共域後會出現種間競爭現象，程度大致相等，有互相消長現象。Hemidactylus bowringii and Hemidactylus freuatus are commonly seen in Taiwan, and their habitats are very near the area people live. Recently, two species have inhabited the same or overlapped geographical areas in northern Taiwan. This sympatric phenomenon resulted from the geographical isolation being broken by people. This research investigated their distributions in Taipei city by using questionnaire, and evaluated the degree of interspecific competitions by using indexes of the body size comparison and the food competition to design our experiments.According to results of questionnaire and animal sampling, two geckos did inhabit closely in some areas in Taipei city, and their population distributions were changing with time. According to the result of the body size comparison, Hemidactylus freuatus is bigger than Hemidactylus bowringii. But there is not a statistically significant difference between two species. The degree of food competition of two species was all square. In summary, it was occurred the interspecific competition between Hemidactylus bowringii and Hemidactylus freuatus, and the degree of competitions was almost equal.

在我們週遭環境中常可見到許多種類的植物，然而可以叫出名字的卻少之又少，或許我們可以查閱植物百之類的書籍，但是這類書籍通常多不在手邊，就算有了植物百科，也不易翻到顯示該種植物的正確章節。假如我們可以將想要認識的植物葉片影像取得後，透過網路將該影像傳送至植物葉片資料庫查詢，經過電腦的自動分析辨識後，再將結果傳送回來，這樣不是比查閱植物百科方便多了嗎？本研究提出一種利用輸入葉片的影像來進行植物資料庫辨識查詢的方法，藉著兩階段處理的策略及最佳權重組合式的特徵值來調校系統，以達到較佳的整體辨識效能，從實驗測試的結果得知，我們的策略與方法確實有效，有82%的查詢葉片可以被精確的辨識出來，而每次查詢的平均反應時間只要17.22 秒。In our living environment, there are many kinds of plants, but we can only name a few. We may consult an encyclopedia about plants, we always can’t find any encyclopedia with us. Besides, even if we have one, it won’t be easy to find out the proper section or the exact page immediately. How should we solve this problem? One significant improvement can be expected if the plant recognition can be carried out by a computer. First, we take a picture of the unknown plant’s leaf. Then, we transmit this image into a leaf database to recognize. After the recognition we will get the answer easily. By using a computer-aided leaf recognition system, non-professionals can also identify many plant species. Isn’t it much more convenient than checking the encyclopedia? In this study, we present an efficient method for leaf database retrieval by inputting leaf images. We use a two-stage approach and combined features with optimized weight to adjust the system to get the best system performance. The result of the experiment shows that our approach is workable and efficient. 82% leaves of the query images can be recognized accurately. And in general, the average response time only takes 17.22 sec per query.

自從九二一集集大地震以後，中、小學對於防震教育是更加的重視，一次又一次的防震演習\r 還不夠，還讓學生到地震演練室去體會更逼真的地震實境。在地震演練室的下面就有一個六\r 軸動感平台，六軸動感平台的運作是各軸的伸縮長度不同而模擬地震的，而用彈簧製成的震\r 動台也可以達到模擬地震的效果，去做一些關於地震的研究實驗。地震有各種不同的震動方\r 式，多半是垂直的上下移動或是水平移動，不同的地震對於相同的建築物的影響也有所不同；\r 而地面上有各式各樣的建築物，有的高有的低，所以相同的地震對於不同的建築物的影響也\r 會有差別。\r Since the disastrous Earthquake 921 happened three years ago, the primary schools and junior high\r schools have stressed on the anti-earthquake education and training. Except for the anti-earthquake\r drills they take the students to an earthquake show room to experience more realistic earthquakes.\r Beneath the earthquake show room there’s a 6 degree of freedom Steward platform. The platform\r simulates the earthquakes by varying the length of the 6 axis. We also designed a platform by springs to\r simulate the earthquakes. There’re several types of earthquakes mostly horizontal or vertical .\r Different earthquakes have different effects on the same buildings. Earthquakes of the same amplitude\r will have different effects on different buildings.

Refer to Figure 1. Suppose ABCD is a trapezoid and . Passing the intersection M of and we construct a parallel line intersecting and at E and F, respectively. We obtain that , and then we can generalize the result. 如(圖一)，若ABCD為梯形且，過 和交點M 分別作平行線交、 於E 、F ，可得 的關係，再加以推廣。

本研究利用偏振片、量角器為刻度盤、雷射光為光源，及照度計為偵測器，組裝一個簡易且可靠的旋光度計。我們利用單位時間旋光度的變化量當作反應速率，來測量蔗糖的水解速率，同時求出蔗糖水解反應的反應級數、速率常數(k)。利用糖類的旋光度具有加成性之特性，找出不同混合比例時的旋光度，追蹤實際蔗糖水解的每個狀態，找出最後平衡狀態，同時將蔗糖水解平衡結果顯示，旋光度與濃度有線性關係，而蔗糖水解反應對蔗糖而言為一級反應。接著，我們在蔗糖水溶液中加入不同種類的酸，探討催化劑的種類與蔗糖水解反應速率的關係。 In this research, in order to measure the optical rotation accurately without expensive equipments or complex process, we assembled a polarimeter by ourselves. With simple materials which can be found in ordinary senior high school laboratories, including a calibrated scale, a simple Luxmeter, a laser as the photo source, and other side devices. The Polarimeter ended up operating fluently and accurately. We put the laser under a tube, which has two pieces of polar screens on the top of it and on the bottom of it, ,and put a luxmeter just above the tube. When we slowly rotate the polar screen on the top, the figure shown on the luxmeter changes. By numerical analysis, we can get information about the hydrolysis of polarized substance. Secondary, we measured the optical rotation of glucose, fructose, malt sugar, galactose, and sucrose to get their specific rotation. Then we measured the optical rotation of sucrose every five minutes. By doing this, we could keep track of the hydrolysis rate of sucrose, figure out the order of reaction, and the rate constant (k) and the equilibrium constant (K). Thirdly, we used different kinds of acids into sucrose solution as the catalyst, and observed the effect. The result showed that hydrochloric acid is a better catalyst to this reaction than sulfuric acid and nitric acid. The polarimeter of this research can be used in science education of junior and senior high school. By teaching students to assemble and operate the self-made polarimeter, students can know better about optical rotation and polarized substance. Also, the interest in this experiement will add to students’ motivation to do science research.

由於台灣山區溪流短小陡急，土石流災害嚴重，透過式防砂壩攔阻工法為現\r 今之趨勢，而帄面透水柵具有一般透過式壩的優點，不但能將土石流轉化為水砂\r 流，還可以減低土石流衝擊力造成的損壞及改善上游儲砂空間不足的問題。本研\r 究採用改良式帄面柵，在下游處增設分流河道，可改善分離出之細顆粒土砂水與\r 大礫石再度結合之危險。此工法於2003 年引進台灣後，尚未廣泛應用，主要原因\r 為缺乏設計之經驗式，因此本研究針對透水柵的柵棒長度（L/ Dmax）、棒淨間距\r （b/ Dmax）、柵面架設方式、柵面篩分角度（θ）等多項重要因子進行室內渠槽\r 試驗，最後提出土砂篩分比與攔阻率的趨勢方程式，設計時以總攔阻率（R）高為\r 原則，輔以篩分比（S）與貯砂率（R1）高，即可有良好之成效，期望能作為國內\r 外現場工程施做時之參考，結果如下所示。

NO.58-01 2019 FEB | 科學研習期刊目錄 本期專題 運用科技的物理教學 智慧型科技與行動學習： 以手機APP為例 | 賈至達 綠能數位與實作教材 之發展與運用 | 盧玉玲 蠟燭燃燒實驗的IoT 之旅 | 李柏翰 、江政龍、蘇萬生 智慧型手機立體影像STEAM實作教材 | 洪連輝、張益嘉 運用Arduino探究視覺暫留 | 陸健榮、鄭依佩 科學探究隨手做：手機感應器的物理原理與教學上的應用 | 盧政良 教學現場 動手玩科技：射箭Robot自己做 | 施皇羽、許弘叡 量子力學之美：電腦叢集計算在附中 | 李柏翰 科學新知 淺談「智慧電網」 | 蔡振明 特約專欄 變色龍 | 游森棚 帶得走的STEAM課程設計：古機械鐘創意課程 | 黃琴扉 趣讀科普，昇華閱讀，活化STEM腦 | 劉淑雯 科普活動報導 看得獎影片 學有趣科學 | 李名揚 科教館GO好玩 電漿球演示融入科學劇的情節歷程--以｢電漿球｣演示為例 | 陳香微 總召集人的話 本刊自本期起改為雙月刊，於「臺灣網路科教館」網址刊登，文章方向將更緊扣STEAM教育與國中小物理、化學、生物、地科、科技、數學六大領域或分科。除將於「本期專題」和「教學現場」單元刊登和12年國教課程與教學相關文章外，亦結合科教館「科普傳播中心」做更多元化的分享與傳播。物理科召集人是國立彰化師範大學物理學系吳仲卿教授，「本期專題」推出「運用科技的物理教學」專題。 「本期專題」共有六篇文章：〈智慧型科技與行動學習：以手機APP為例〉一文以智慧型手機的APP為主軸，論述智慧型科技在「行動學習」的應用，以及在科學學習的幾個面向。〈綠能數位與實作教材之發展與運用〉一文分享作者研究室所研發的「綠色能源」數位教材，教材係整合情境式數位學習與實作探究而成，以風力發電為主題。〈蠟燭燃燒實驗的IoT之旅〉一文帶領讀者利用國中理化課程單元--密閉容器蠟燭燃燒實驗，結合國家晶片系統設計中心開發的MorSensor測定晶片，設計一套創新的實驗流程。〈智慧型手機立體影像STEAM實作教材〉一文作者分享其整合STEAM教育精神，所開發出主題為「立體視覺與虛擬實境」的一套光學領域課程與教材。〈運用Arduino探究視覺暫留〉一文分享如何運用新科技--開源微控制器，針對視覺暫留現象進行定量的探究與實作，同時訓練學生測量與分析以及程式與電路等跨領域的基本素養。〈科學探究隨手做：手機感應器的物理原理與教學上的應用〉一文分享利用手機進行數位量測教學的的經驗與建議。 「教學現場」刊登兩篇文章：〈動手玩科技：射箭Robot自己做〉一文分享在國小利用木工課程搭配microbit的程式設計，進行「射箭Robot」的設計經驗。〈量子力學之美：電腦叢集計算在附中〉一文分享在高中開授多元選修課程「量子力學之美，電腦叢集計算」的經驗與成果。 「科學新知」刊登〈淺談「智慧電網」〉一文，介紹智慧電網的三大要件：智慧電表，資訊、通信與自動化系統，和儲能系統。 「特約專欄」刊登三篇文章：〈變色龍〉拋出兩隻不同顏色的變色龍相遇會同時變成第三種顏色的問題。〈帶得走的STEAM課程設計：古機械鐘創意課程〉一文分享跨校、跨領域、跨單位整合，創建一系列古機械教具與教材教法的經驗。〈趣讀科普，昇華閱讀，活化STEM腦〉一文從STEM教育觀點介紹四種類型的科普書籍。 「科普活動報導」刊登〈看得獎影片 學有趣科學〉一文，報導已有公播版的「永不妥協－實驗室的挑戰故事」系列影片。 「科教館GO好玩」刊登《電漿球演示融入科學劇情節歷程探討—以｢電漿球｣的演示為例》一文，分享科教館科學劇「今天我們去哪兒」，將展品｢電漿球｣的演示融入劇情中，彰顯科學與藝術跨領域整合的效果與心得。 總召編輯委員 - 李隆盛 關於本刊 出版單位：國立臺灣科學教育館 發行人：陳雪玉 總召集人：李隆盛 編輯委員： 物理科吳仲卿/陳耀榮/李柏翰/盧玉玲 | 化學科古建國/許良榮/王伯昌/林如章/周金城 | 生物科王美芬/蕭世輝/陳建志/郭淑妙 | 地球科學許民陽/王郁軒/李文禮 科技科張玉山/汪殿杰/林育沖/趙珩宇 | 數學科李源順/鄧家駿/溫世展/張宮明 | 跨領域學科李名揚/連信仲 | 特約專欄 游森棚/黃琴扉/劉淑雯 策劃：曾聰邦 主編：錢康偉 本月專題特約主編：吳仲卿 編輯：吳郡怡 網頁設計編輯：施曉恬/陳璽君 投稿規範請來信詢問：article@mail.ntsec.gov.tw