桃園虎頭山是位於林口台地南端的低海拔(約240~260M)丘陵地,表土層屬於紅土層,紅土主要成分為細沙(直徑>50μm，約佔50%)、粉沙(直徑2~50μm，約佔30%),其餘以黏土為主,加上少量含鐵礦物,採樣地點字圖二中的三聖宮旁的登山步道,其坡面面向東南方,對位處北緯25度的桃園屬於向陽波,經日曬適當時間後所產生的龜裂現象,是我們探討的對象;We have focused the study on the sun cracks found in the Mts.Hu-To are located in the southern part of the Mesa Lin Kou, which are 240m to 260m above the sea level. Mainly red clay, the surface soil is a composition of fine sand(diameter>50μm,up to50%)and silt(diameter>2~5 μm,up to 30%),including clay and a limited amount of iron minerals. The soil sample was gathered at the trail beneath the Hil Gue-Lun(241m,see pic.1)from the southeastern latitudes.

本實驗針對隔音材質的特性，如各孔板之孔徑、開孔率，並以夾層做不同孔板配置進行研究。本主題共進行三階段的實驗。第一階段探討不同材質的影響，因材質加工問題，實驗誤差過大；第二階段改以PP 塑膠板探討，因儀器誤差，數據難以解析；第三階段仍以PP 塑膠板探討，並修正實驗步驟，以降低實驗誤差。本報告乃以第三階段實驗結果做探討。為了提高實驗準確度，將整個實驗分成若干組，在實驗前後以空白測試，以減低實驗誤差。利用Excel 軟體，進行各組實驗數據噪音傳送損失之修正與分析。本試驗以125Hz、250Hz、500Hz、1000Hz、2000Hz 及4000Hz 六段週波頻率做測試。由分析結果顯示，孔徑與開孔率、同心圓的排列方式，對噪音傳送損失有顯著的影響。;This experiment is to focus on the properties of sound barriers, such as hole diameter, open areas, and the layout of holing boards. We have performed experiments in three steps. In the first step, we discussed the differences between different kinds of material but found many errors caused from faults in the process of making boards. So in the second step, we chose the ploy-propene board but still found errors from instruments. And in the final step, we used the ploy-propene board again and modified the experiment procedure to lower the error from instruments. The report is based on the final step data. With a view to raise the precision of the experiment, we divided the experiment into several parts with the blank test. We modified and transferred the original data to the noisy transfer loss (TL) in the same intensity level, and analyzed the data with Microsoft Excel. In experiment, we detected the noise-pollution level (dB) in the frequency of 125Hz, 250Hz, 500Hz, 1000Hz, 2000Hz and 4000Hz. According to the result, the hole diameter, open area and the layout of concentric circle have a significant influence on TL.

在酯化反應中，經由實驗結果，我們發現離子液體對於此反應有催化的效果。離子液體 是在室溫下呈現液態的離子化合物，將醇類與酸酐放入離子液體中有助於酯化反應的進行， 基於這個新的發現，我們開始尋找使用不同種類的離子液體做實驗，選出適當的離子液體， 並且測試離子液體在不同環境下的催化效果，以及適合的使用計量；更進一步，我們找出離 子液體在催化反應之後，將離子液體回收的方法：利用有機溶劑將離子液體和產物分層並萃 取出產物，把離子液體回收再利用，符合現代推動綠色化學的趨勢。接下來我們探討離子液 體對催化反應的擴展性與應用，先由不同結構的一級醇反應到醯胺鍵的生成，最後推展到合 成阿斯匹靈，實驗結果說明，用離子液體做催化劑，也可以成功的合成阿斯匹靈。 We have established for the first time that ionic liquids, which possess the property of Lewis acid, can facilitate acylation of alcohols with anhydrides to form esters with photo-excitation. With the initial finding, we then screen through different types of ionic liquids with varying counter anions, loading, and external light or heat sources to sort out the best reaction conditions. To gain insights into the working mechanism, the dynamic profile of the catalytic reaction was monitored by analyzing the reaction mixture by using ‘H NMR spectroscopy. The ionic liquids can be recovered by extractive separation from the acylation product, which meets the major theme of green chemistry. To extend the substrate scope and applications of the new catalytic process, different functional primary alcohols and amines were further examined. More importantly, we have utilized the new catalytic protocol for the acetylating of salicylic acid, leading to aspirin with high efficiency.

安非他命的濫用在台灣是非常嚴重的公眾健康及社會問題。安非他命會導致一連串的行\r 為異常，包括在中腦紋狀體內釋放多巴胺及阻止多巴胺回收來增加使用者的活動力。由於安\r 非他命會對腦細胞造成傷害，本研究的目的為探討低劑量、無立即毒性之安非他命(類似於人\r 類使用習慣)於短期內是否會對老鼠大腦紋狀體內的蛋白質表現有影響。因此利用西方點墨法\r 分析施打低劑量安非他命(2 到6 mg/kg)約一星期之後，C57BL6 小鼠的大腦紋狀體中一些重\r 要蛋白質[包括腺?酸受體A2A-R、第五亞型腺?酸環化?AC5、caspase-8、PARP、NF-κB\r 及血紅素加氧?-1(HO-1)]的表現是否有改變。實驗結果顯示，低劑量安非他命處理對大部分\r 蛋白質的表現並沒有明顯的差異，但在施打安非他命老鼠之大腦紋狀體中，HO-1 有些微但明\r 顯的增加，顯示安非他命可能對腦組織產生氧化性傷害。因此長期使用安非他命對中腦紋狀\r 體是否造成傷害是值得關心及繼續探討的課題。The wide spreading use of amphetamine (AMPH) in Taiwan has become a serious\r public health and social problem. AMPH evokes a series of behavior abnormality including\r enhanced locomotor behavior by releasing dopamine and inhibiting dopamine-uptake in the\r striatum. Since AMPH is known to cause brain damage, the purpose of this study is to\r investigate the expression of several important proteins in the mouse striatum after\r treatment with low and non-toxic dosages of AMPH for a short period (mimicking the\r common usage pattern of humans). C57BL6 mice were daily IP-injected with various doses\r of AMPH (0 to 6 mg/kg) for one week. Expression levels of adenosine receptor A2A-R,\r adenyl cyclase type 5,caspase-8, PARP, NF-κB and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the\r striatum were analyzed by Western blotting technique. Most proteins examined were not\r affected by the 1-week AMPH treatment, except HO-1. A slight but significant increase of\r HO-1 by AMPH treatment indicated that AMPH may cause oxidative damage in brain.\r These results suggest that the injury induced by long-term AMPH exposure warrants our\r further concerns and investigation.

This research is mainly in observation with Caenorhabditis elegans ’s genetic mutation caused via nervous system abnormal character. In the study, I the sample have been cultivated purified and add some chemical material EMS to speed up C.elegans mutation. Then based on the character to further analysis what causeof gene deal with mutation and observe the effects in heredity. The research has two stages, on the first stage of study the mainly target is to both search and purify the mutation of C.elegans. The second stage is based on the exploration of mutation’s searching and purifying. Because the certain mutation bodies aren’t easy to find out, the project is still on progress at the beginning of second stage, and we conclude some heredity special cases in preliminary of study. 這個實驗主要是觀察並針對線蟲因為基因的突變所產生的神經系統異常的變異性狀，在實驗中我先將樣品線蟲培養並純化至一定數量，並加入適當藥劑EMS造成其突變，經篩選並分析此性狀，進而找出造成其突變之基因，以及觀察此性狀對遺傳表現所造成的影響。該計畫分成兩階段，第一階段的實驗重點是在突變株的搜尋以及純化上，第二階段則是在突變基因的探討上，由於特定突變株的搜尋並非容易，所以目前計畫只進展至第二階段的遺傳實驗初期，對於其遺傳特徵與突變形式上已有了初步的分析，但尚未定位出該基因的位置。

中文摘要：\r 本研究旨在探討，在TCP/IP 協定之下，最大網路傳輸效率之MTU\r （Maximum Transmission Unit,最大傳輸單位）值。根據IEEE 所公\r 佈Ethernet 之標準，經實地模擬實驗，本研究之結論如下：（1）在\r 單純兩台電腦直接串接時，由於幾乎無任何干擾與封包的碰撞，可設\r 定之MTU 最大值以1500bytes 為最佳；（2）但在模擬真實的大型廣域\r 網路時，由於碰撞增加及雜訊增多，經模擬實驗顯示，MTU 值為\r 1500bytes 時無法在資料傳送、接收及重組時取得平衡，最佳之MTU\r 值落於500 到600bytes 之間，進一步研究顯示MTU 值設在500 到\r 600bytes 時可提升傳輸效率約50%。同時，本研究亦討論將此機制應\r 用於未來新網路標準之可行性及其必要性。Abstract：\r The main purpose of this research is to explore the best network\r transmission efficiency's Maximum Transmission Unit under TCP/IP\r protocol. According to the Ethernet's standard of IEEE and simulated\r experiments, the outcome of this research are :( 1) When connecting two\r computers serially, there is almost no interference and impact of packets,\r the best MTU that we can set up is 1500bytes ;( 2)When simulating the\r truly wide area network, interference and impact are rising. The result of\r this simulates experiment shows that when MTU is at 1500bytes, it's\r unable to keep balance when sending, receiving and re-composing. The\r best new MTU is between 500bytes and 600bytes. And when MTU is\r between 500bytes and 600bytes, the network transmission efficiency can\r be promoted about 50% higher. At the same time, the research is also\r discussing the feasibility and necessity of applying it to the standard of\r the future network.

本實驗主要是探究雙圈圈簡單飛機的飛行原理，歸納圈圈結構對飛行距離、升力的影響，以及氣流流經機體時發生的作用。研究結果如下：一、實際發射，歸納影響滑行距離的變因。1. 前後圈直徑比值約為0.8 時滑行距離為最大。2. 前後圈寬度比值越接近1 時，滑行距離越遠，但影響不大。3. 圈圈間隔在21cm 時，滑行距離最大。二、設置風洞，模擬飛機飛行，測量升力1. 圈圈寬度越大，升力越大。2. 升力最大值出現在圈圈仰角25 度左右，風速越快，升力越大。3. 鋁片仰角在20°時升力最大，升力與角度的關係式為 F = 5×10?7θ4 + 4×10?5θ3 ? 0.0083θ2 + 0.2615θ + 0.13744. 風速越快，升力越大，在仰角20°時升力與風速的關係大約為F = 0.4579V2 - 0.9231V +1.4772 。5. 鋁片面寬每增加1cm，升力也增加0.1513gw。前後長每增加1cm，升力即增加0.1263gw。三、設置蒸汽氣流，觀察簡單飛機的氣流場1. 蒸汽流通過圈圈時，會發生附壁現象，而且簡單飛機使氣流往下偏折，飛機得到升力。四、理論演繹︰1. 以康達效應的理論推算出升力，與實際測量得的升力約相等，驗證升力確實由康達理論造成。2. 墊高簡單飛機前圈，使得軸線提高，確實影響了飛行距離，墊高1cm 以內，飛行距離均增加了，以實際的改進證實升力確實是康達效應。This experiment mainly discusses the flying principle of the simple plane which is made up of a straw with two paper circles, one bigger than the other, stuck on both two ends of it. We first launched the simple plane actually and concluded the factors which influenced the sliding distance of the plane, including the distance between two circles, diameter and width of the two circles. Second, we set up a simple wind-tunnel and simulated the flight, in order to measure the strength of lift. Third, we set up the steam air flow and observed the change of the air current in the steam flow while flowing through the plane. The Phenomenon of Wall Enclosing happened and made the flows downward, and the plane gained the lift at the same time. Finally, we deduced that there are two sources of lift and Benoulli's law is not suitable for it. The Coanda Effect can be applied to figure out 54 percent of lift. And the current, blocked by the plane, also offers some lift. In order to prove that the Coanda Effect does effect, we padded the first circle to enlarge the angle of elevation of the axis of the two circles. It really affected the sliding distance of the plane. While the first circle is padded up within 1 cm, the sliding distance of the plane increases. Practical improvement proves that Coanda Effect accounts for the lift.

Sicherman 已經找出與兩顆六面的正常骰子有相同機率分布的Sicherman 骰子，並進一步獲得與三顆六面的正常骰子有相同機率分布的骰子必為一對Sicherman 骰子與一顆六面的正常骰子之結果，我們試圖由已知的Sicherman 六面骰子的處理方法出發，透過對割圓多項式的分析來累積足夠的相關資料，以處理由兩顆四面骰子至兩顆三十面骰子，處理由三顆四面骰子至三顆三十面骰子的各種Sicherman 骰子的答案，來探索兩顆與三顆的n 面Sicherman骰子存在的充要條件與求法，並進一步將所得之結果分類，得到 ”有相同標準分解式的類型的數n，會具有相同組數的Sicherman 骰子”之猜測結果與特殊情形下的證明。 Sicherman has found out the Sicherman dice which have the same probability distribution as the normal two six-sides dice. Furthermore , he also found out a pair of Sicherman dice and a normal six-sides dice has the same result as 3 normal six-sides dice . We try to begin with the given algorithm of six-sides Sicherman dice , through the analysis of Cyclotomic Polynomials to accumulate sufficient related information then to come up with the solution from discussion of 2 four-sides dice to 2 thirty-sides dice , from 3 four-sides dice to 3 thirty-sides dice to explore the existence of necessary and sufficient condition and solution of 2 n-sides Sicherman dice and 3- sides Sicherman dice , and even to classify the results to come to a conclusion of the guessing results and proofs under special cases about “the numbers n which have the same Canonical Prime Factorization will have the same numbers of n-sides Sicherman dice.”

We inferred the original Feynman triangle theorem from equilateral triangle into common triangle and from same ratios of dividing points into different ones. The conclusions are below： 由原始費曼三角形原理中的正三角形等比例分點問題，推廣至一般三角形的分點等比例及不相同之比例，得到如下之結論：

本實驗使用磁流變流體(Magnetorheological fluid, MRF)來估查其磁場作用下的光學性質。本實驗採用Lord公司的MRF-132LD磁流變流體加以稀釋到不同的重量濃度，並以氫氟酸蝕刻玻片產生不同的厚度。吾人觀察到濃度參數以及厚度參數均對MRF薄膜的光繞射產生影響。膜厚越薄，產生的繞射較明顯，而重量濃度較小的容易亦有較大的繞射角度。吾人亦移動上下兩玻片相對位置，施加剪力的作用，繞射現象也產生明顯的改變。\r The Magnetorheological fluid (MRF) is used to observe the optical properties under the vertical magnetic field , The MRF-132LD from Lord Company is used, The MRF is diluted to different weight ratio of particulate and carrier fluid . The different thicknesses of the MR thin film are also made with the diluted MRF. The concentration of the MRF and the thickness of the thin film are both found to have significant effects on the optical diffraction phenomenon. The optical diffraction is also found to be affected by the applied shear force to the thin film.

溫差電池中若僅進行的反應，則其電池電壓與溫差成正比，且純粹是利用化學反應將熱能轉換成電能，我們稱之為「典型溫差電池」，由熱力學公式可推導出典型溫差電池的電動勢(ΔS = S(s)—S(aq)，S為絕對熵， n為得失電子數，1F = 96487 C )，且得到下列三項推論來說明溫差電池的特殊現象。 (1) 同一溫差電池，其電動勢與溫差成正比 (ε∝ ΔT)。(2) 不同的溫差電池，當溫差一定時，電壓ε 與ΔS 成正比，與得失電子數n 成反比。典型溫差電池中，電解液濃度越小，金屬離子濃度也愈小，會使得ΔS = (S(s)—S(aq))的絕對值變大，因此溫差電池的電壓也就愈大。(3) ΔS 值的正負決定電壓ε 的正負。Cu(NO3)2 及ZnSO4 溫差電池的ΔS 為正值，所以高溫杯為正極；AgNO3 溫差電池的ΔS 為負值，所以高溫杯為負極。因水溶液中陰、陽離子不能單獨存在，所以單一離子水溶液的絕對熵無法求得，但科學家把氫離子水溶液的標準絕對熵定為零，藉以求出其它離子的絕對熵，然而我們測得在一定溫差時典型溫差電池的電動勢ε，再查得金屬的標準絕對熵 S(s)，代入S(aq) = S(s) — nFε/ΔT，便可得到離子水溶液的絕對熵。Cu(NO3)2 溫差電池的電解液中若含有1M 或0.5M 的KNO3，電池電壓仍然與溫差成正比， 但卻可獲得較大的電流，我們稱此類溫差電池為「改良型溫差電池」。我們利用改良型溫差電池的原理，自製環保、節約能源、可重複使用的實用溫差電池，以PVC 水管當容器，上、下兩端開口用銅片封住當電極，管內裝海棉及0.125M Cu(NO3)與 1M KNO3 溶液，熱源加熱上層銅片形成溫差，當溫差維持在70℃，電壓約為70 mV，若串聯30 個實用溫差電池，電壓可達2 V 以上，就可以對鉛蓄電池充電。實用溫差電池的熱源可由回收冷氣機、工廠的廢熱，或直接利用太陽能來當熱源。 If the temperature difference cell only goes through the following reaction Then the potential created by the cell is proportional to the temperature difference, and such a reaction purely changes the thermal energy into electrical energy through chemical reaction, which we often name it “typical temperature difference cells”. We can come to the following formula for the typical temperature difference cells through a series of thermodynamic formula: ε= ΔT ． ΔS/ nF (ΔS = S(s)—S(aq), where S is the standard 3 entropy, and n is the number of electrons gained or lost, and 1F = 96487 C). We also provide the following three inferences to demonstrate the special phenomenon for the temperature difference cells: 1. Within the same temperature cell, the electromotive force (EMF) is proportional to the temperature difference. 2. When the temperature difference keeps constant, the electromotive force is proportional to the ΔS in different temperature cells, and is inversely proportional to the number of electrons gained or lost. Within the typical temperature difference cells, when the concentration of the electrolyte becomes more diluted, the concentration of the metal ions also proportionally become lower, which will make the absolute value of the following equation bigger, as a result, will make the electric potential of the temperature difference cells bigger: ΔS = (S(s)—S(aq)) 3. The value of ΔS decides the value of the electromotive force. The ΔS of the following temperature difference cells is positive value: Cu(NO3)2 and ZnSO4 . As a result, within the copper and zinc temperature difference cells, the higher temperature glass is the anode. On the other hand, the ΔS of the AgNO3 temperature difference cell is negative, which means that within the silver temperature difference cell, the higher temperature glass is the cathode. Meanwhile, because the cations and anions can not exist alone, therefore, it is not possible to find the standard entropy of the single ion solution. However, scientists define the standard entropy of the solution containing hydrogen ion to be zero, as a result, we only have to determine the electromotive force for a typical temperature difference cell, while keeping the temperature difference constant, followed by finding the standard entropy for the said metal S(s). Inserting it into the following equation to find the standard entropy for the ion solution. S(aq) = S(s) — nFε/ΔT If the electrolytes for the Cu(NO3)2 temperature difference cell contains 1M or 0.5M KNO3 , the electromotive force is still proportional to the temperature difference, and we can obtain bigger electric current. We call this kind of temperature difference cells “improved version of the typical temperature difference cells”. We try to make more environmental, energy saving, and recyclable temperature difference cell by applying the theory of the improved version of the typical temperature difference cells. We use PVC water pipe as the containers, both edges of the pipe sealed with copper metals, also work as the electrodes. Within the pipe filled with sponge and 0.125M Cu(NO3) and 1M KNO3 solution. The heat source keeps heating the upper copper metal to keep constant temperature difference. When the temperature difference is kept around 70℃, the electric potential is 70 mV. If we can connect 30 practical temperature difference cells in a series, the electric potential will reach 2V, which can then charge the lead rechargeable battery. The heat sources of the practical temperature difference cells can be supplied by the recycled air conditioners, heat waste from a factory, or directly comes from the solar power.