為了了解淡黃蝶Catopsilia pomona無紋型crocale-like及銀紋型pomona-like中間受到環境因子的差異。先比對兩型的粒線體ＤＮＡ，之後模擬夏季和冬季自然環境進行實驗。得知兩型為同種。另一方面進行溫度和光週期的實驗，顯示淡黃蝶幼蟲和成蟲雌雄個體各部位會受到此兩環境因子的影響。In order to realize if Catopsilia Pomona and Catosilia crocale are the same species, we analyzed and compared the DNA sequences of Mitochondria, and the result revealed they are indeed the same species. Then we observed the developmental process of the butterfly, and inspected the effects of different factors: photoperiod and temperature were shown to affect the phenotype of the butterfly; lower temperature and shorter day resulted in phenotypic shift from crocale-like to pomona-like, and vice versa. Also, the conflicting factors produced intermediated form. (e.g. lower temperature with longer day) Not only changed the phenotypes of adult with photoperiod and temperature, those of larvae also did. However, the mechanism how photoperiod and temperature affect the phenotype of the butterfly is unknown.

根據台北市體育學院運動器材科技研究所劉強教授指出甜蜜點(範圍)包含三個定義的區域：(圖A 改繪自聯合報)【1】一、碰撞中心：擊球時握把無撞擊感的位置。(物理學理上甜蜜點的定義點又稱『振盪中心』【2】(the center of oscillation)) 二、強力中心：擊球後產生最高速球的位置。(恢復係數最大) 三、節點：擊球後握把無振動感的位置。我們利用PASCO音頻接收器，測量到標準的比賽用球棒，受撞擊時會產生三個較明顯的振盪頻率(如圖A-右)。好的手工球棒會將這三個震波頻率的節點，安排在甜蜜區附近，使打擊者敲中該處時，球棒振動最小，握棒處受力最小，球與棒間的恢復係數最大，擊出的棒球可以飛得最遠。這個點(區域)就稱之為甜蜜點(The sweet spot)。

We consider a game played with chips on a strip of squares. The squares are labeled, left to right, with 1, 2, 3, . . ., and there are k chips initially placed on distinct squares. Two players take turns to move one of these chips to the next empty square to its left. In this project, we study four different games according to the following \r rules: Game A: the player who places a chip on square 1 wins;Game B: the player who places a chip on square 1 loses;Game C: the player who finishes up with chips on 12 . . . k wins;Game D: the player who finishes up with chips on 12 . . . k loses. After studying the cases k = 3, 4,5 and 6 for Game A and the relation among these four games, we are led to discover the winning strategy of each game for any positive integer k. The strategies of Games A, B and C are closely related through a forward or backward shifting in position. We also found that such strategies are similar to the type of Nim game that awards the player taking the last chip. Game D is totally different from the rest. To solve this game, we investigate the Nim game that declares the player taking the last chips loser. Amazingly, the strategies of two Nim games can be concisely linked by two equations. Through these two Nim games, we not only find the winning strategy of Game D but also the precise relation between Game D and all others.\r 去年我研究一個遊戲：有一列n個的方格中，從左至右依序編號為1,2,3,....n。在X1個、第X2個、第X3個格子中各放置一個棋子。甲乙二個人按照下列規則輪流移動棋子：\r 一、甲乙兩個人每次只能動一個棋子(三個棋子中任選一個)。遊戲開始由甲先移動動棋子。二、甲乙兩個人每次移動某一個棋子時，只能將這個棋子移至左邊最近的空格(若前面連續有P個棋時可以跳過前面的P個棋子而且只能跳一次)，而且每個方格中最多只能放一個棋子。\r 研究這個遊戲問題時，我討論四種不同"輸贏結果"的規定：甲乙兩個人中，A誰先將三個棋子中任意一個棋子移到第一個方格，誰就是贏家。B誰先將三個棋子中任意一個棋子移到第一個方格，誰就是輸家。C誰先不能再移動任何棋子，誰就是輸家。D誰先不能再移動任何棋子，誰就是贏家。\r 當"輸贏結果"的規定採用ABCD時─我們稱為遊戲ABCD。今年我將把這個遊戲問題中棋子的個數由三個推廣到一般K個情形之後，再繼續研究遊戲的致勝策略，同時也將研究遊戲ABCD之間的關係。

This research tries to find out how changes of weight or proportion of a reactor would affect the type and structure of a crystal. In the experiment, the Hydrothermal reaction was adopted to conduct the syntheses of Vanadium-substituted Gallium Phosphates and try to pick up the single crystal to collect data with SXRD for further illustrating the crystal structure with diamond software to know well its nature. The research result finds out a new type of crystal unseen in the existing literature produced because of the weight changes of C3H10N2, therefore the weight change of a reactor may affect the structure of crystal significantly. In the future, it is expectation that comparison among structures of other Vanadium-Substituted Gallium Phosphates can be made, and the properties of this compound can be measured, and try to find out a brand new type of structure for new exploration by changing the initial reagent. 本研究係透過改變化合物所添加之反應物的比例，以了解反應物比例的改變對晶體的型態與結構的影響。實驗採用中溫水熱反應來從事金屬釩鎵磷酸鹽的合成。並挑取單晶，以X-ray 繞射儀進行數據收集，再以diamond 軟體繪出晶體的結構圖，且進一步得知其性質。研究結果發現，經改變丙二胺的量後，產生不同於文獻上的新化合物，可知改變所加反應物的比例，對於晶體結構有相當大的影響。未來可朝向與其他的釩鎵磷酸鹽做結構上的比較、對此化合物做更進一步的性質測量、改變起始試劑測試，進而得到更新穎的結構形式等部分進行探究。

設Γ為一平面曲線而 P 為一定點 , 自P 向Γ所有的切線作對稱點，則所有對稱點所成的圖形Γ1 稱為曲線Γ對定點P 的double pedal curve , Γ1 對定點P 的double pedal curve Γ2 稱為曲線Γ對定點P 的2-th double pedal curve , Γ2 對定點P 的double pedal curve Γ3 稱為曲線 Γ對定點P 的3-th double pedal curve ,…… 。以下是本文主要的結果：結論A：當Γ為一圓形而P 為圓上一點時 , 計算其n−th double pedal curve 的方程式。結論B：當Γ為任意平滑的參數曲線而P 為任意一點時 , Γ的 double pedal curve 的切線性質。結論C：當Γ為任意平滑的參數曲線而P 為(0,0)時, 計算其n−th double pedal curve 的方程式。 Given a plane curve Γand a fixed point P ,the locus of the reflection of P about the tangent to the curveΓis called the double pedal curve of Γwith respect to P.We denote Γ1 as the double pedal curve of Γwith respect to P, Γ2 as the double pedal curve of Γ1 with respect to P , Γ3 as the double pedal curve of Γ2 with respect to P ,and so on , we call Γn the n-th double pedal curve of Γwith respect to P. If Γ is a circle, and P is a point on the circle, we got the parametric equation of the n−th double pedal curve of Γ with respect to P. And, for any parametric plane curve Γ; we got the method to draw the tangent of the double pedal curve of Γ.

演奏樂器時，是使發聲體產生駐波而發出各式各樣悠揚的聲音及音調；樂器主要分成振動體(發聲體)及共鳴器兩部分，依發音方式分為弦樂器(使弦振動產生駐波)、管樂器(利用空氣柱振動產生駐波) 及打擊樂器(利用板、膜或磚等彈性材料的固有頻率振動產生駐波)。聲音有三要素：振幅、頻率及波型，響度取決於振幅大小、音調與頻率有關、波型則由不同的頻率及響度組成。樂音多變的主因是音色及音調。音色是發聲體的發音特性，取決於該發聲體的聲波波型。音調即聲音的高低，與發聲體的振動頻率材質息息相關，頻率愈高，其音調愈高，而樂曲中的音階高低則是由音調高低所構成。樂曲的製作及演奏必涉及到律制，從駐波的產生、律制的探討、頻率的測量和琴鍵的振動模型建立與波形的觀察，我們使用計頻器、示波器及有限元素ANSYS 軟體、數學計算Mathematica 軟體，我們設計一系列實驗，企圖對樂器聲波操作技巧有更進一步的認知。從實地走訪樂器製造廠，了解到設計與改良仍是樂器工藝家重要課題，本文的實驗方法可提供大型演奏會現場調音、樂器調音師或樂器工藝家設計製造樂器時參考用，對於發展文化產業期待提供更經濟與實用的建議。;Playing musical instrument is to make sounding part produce stationary wave so as to give off various gentle sounds and tones. According to different modes of sound producing, musical instruments which comprise vibrator (sounding part) and resonator can be divided into stringed instruments (which vibrate the strings to produce stationary wave), wind instruments (which produce stationary wave with vibration of the air column) and percussion instruments (which produce stationary wave with natural frequency of boards, films or bricks). Three Essentials of sound include amplitude, frequency and waveform, in which the amplitude decides the volume, tones are related to frequency and the waveforms are composed of different frequency and volume. Various musical sounds are mainly due to different timbres and tones. Timbres, sounding characteristics of sounding part, is decided by waveform of the sounding part. Tone means pitch of the sound and is closely related to vibrating frequency of sounding part. Higher frequency makes higher tones and pitch of a musical scale is decided by different tones. Music composing and playing is necessarily connected with music temperament including producing of stationary wave, discussion of temperament, measurement of frequency, establishment of vibrating mode of keys and observation of waveform. We adopted frequency counter, wave inspector, ANSYS software and Mathematica software and designed a series of experiment to get further knowledge of technique of handling musical instrument wave. After visiting musical instrument manufacturers, we learnt that design and improvement are still the essential subjects for instrument craftsmen. Experimental method in his article can provide reference for on-the-spot tuning of large concert, musical instrument tuner and musical instrument designing and manufacturing by craftsmen, and more economic and practical suggestion for cultural industry development.

與傳統的鏡頭比較起來，廣角鏡頭可取得較大範圍的影像，所以廣泛地運用在很多地方，例如倒車攝影機、內視鏡、防盜警眼等，但是其影像會有很大的變形失真，容易造成人類眼睛的錯覺與誤判。本篇研究以倒車攝影機為例，使用了多項式函數來校正其影像的變形與失真，從程式實作的校正結果看來，我們的方法之效果還不錯，相信同樣的模式可用來校正其他使用廣角鏡頭的儀器設備之變形影像。 Compared with the traditional lens, wide-angle lens can make images of larger range, so they are widely used in a lot of places, such as move backward cine-cameras, laparoscopes, and burglarproof eyes. The drawback is that the images distort a lot and may cause the illusion to human eyes and lead to erroneous judgments. This reserch takes the backward cine-camera as example and utilizes multinomial function to correct the deformation and distortion of the image. The results show that the method we use are quite effective and the model can be applied to other equipment with wide-angle lens.

PURPOSE: The purpose of making an Inverter which gets charged with the help of sound energy, produced by speakers for instance, and regenerative shock absorbers which are used in cars so that we can easily charge the inverter with the help of sources which we use in daily life. PROCEDURE: The regenerative shock absorbers are capable of generating electricity when a car moves over bumps. It works by hydraulic fluid passing through a turbine. When the fluid passes through turbine, the turbine turns a small generator and more power is created. A piston is disposed for reciprocating motion within a cylinder as a vehicle’s suspension system deflects. Hydraulic fluid passes through a hydraulic motor to turn its shaft. The hydraulic motor shaft is connected to an electric generator to generate electricity. The second source of energy to charge the inverter is by the help of sound produced in day to day life. Some piezoelectric sensors attached to the board as soon there is a tap or any kind of vibration on the board these and convert them to electrical signals. This means that parasitic energy of busy roads, railroads, footpaths and runways near population centers can be converted into electrical energy that can run public lighting, or fed back into the grid. DATA: The data which have been collected with some experiments is that on an average piezoelectric can produce 330W of power. • When sound pressure is around 62 dB, the frequency is of 102 Hz. • Sound pressure is of 65 dB the frequency is of 500 Hz. Another case when the regenerative shock absorbers come in contact with the piston it produces an average power of 340W-350W. CONCLUSION: With the use age of piezoelectric sensors and regenerative shock absorbers we can produce electricity at a very low cost for inverters; these inverters can provide electrical supplies to the house. The most important reason to make such kind of innovation is one because it is money efficient, second this can come in handy for those who can’t afford to buy inverters at a very high cost and then when charging these inverter these people have to use their electrical supply!

現今乳酸菌飲料風行，但是乳酸菌是否真能通過胃酸的考驗，到達腸道進行複製，利益人體？我們首先以市售乳酸菌粉（加拿大Rosell 公司，含二種菌，暫時命名為"小毛"及"小白"）為預測菌種，利用分光光度計測定乳酸菌於Thioglycollate 培養基中的生長能力（OD600）。小毛在pH 值 1、 3 、5、 7 時之生長力分別為0、 0.008 、0.682 、0.847 ，小白為 0、 0.015 、0.973、 0.636。若於培養基中添加不同濃度的螺旋藻熱分解物，如加入0.01%的添加物後，小毛在以上各種pH 值生長力分別為0.042、1.291, 、1.447, 、1.213 ，小白為 0.053、1.392、 1.531、 0.988，意外發現可大幅提升菌的生長力及抗酸力。再取台灣市售4 種廠牌優酪乳（以甲、乙、丙、丁代表之），分離乳酸菌，再於各種pH 值中培養。結果在pH 3 時，螺旋藻熱分解物僅對丙廠牌有效, 乙廠牌無效, 甲與丙則有無填加生長力都很差。在pH 1 時, 則對乙、丙、丁皆有效，故建議廠商慎選菌種，並於製程及成品中添加螺旋藻熱分解物。The yogurt is a popular drink. But whether the lactobacilli inside can resist the destruction of gastric acid and grow well in the intestinal tract is still questionable. We used pure lactobacilli powder (Rosell Company, Canada, containing two bacteria named in this report as "Little Hair" and "Small White") for pre-test. The growth ability in thioglycollate medium was determined by spectrophotometer (OD600). The results of bacterial growth at pH 1, 3, 5, and 7 for "Little Hair" were 0, 0.008, 0.682, and 0.847, respectively. Those for "Small White" were 0, 0.015, 0.973, and 0.636, respectively. After supplement with 0.01% of the boiled lysate of Spirulina algae (ProBio Biotech, Taiwan), growth abilities at pH 1, 3, 5, and 7 for "Little Hair" were 0.042, 1.292, 1.447, and 1.213, respectively. Those for "Small White" were 0.053, 1.392, 1.531, and 0.988, respectively. The algae extract amply promotes the growth and acid-resistance, especially at pH 3, of these bacteria. The lactobacilli isolated from four different products of yogurt in Taiwan, named as A, B, C, and D, were then tested as above. Results showed the supplement with the boiled lysate of Spirulina algae was very effective, at pH 3, for promoting growth of C, but not effective for B. Growth abilities of both A and D were very unsatisfactory with or without this supplement. At pH 1, algae lysate supplement significantly improved the growths of B, C, and D. Therefore, this supplement in culture and product for yogurt preparation was suggested.

The paper presents a new technique for the Internet monition and control system. The user not only can “watch” the current operation of remote home appliances from the client computer, but also directly control the behavior of remote home appliances through the Internet network. In the mean while, concerning the interface between users and appliances, the virtual reality is combined into the system so that users operate the system easily. First, virtual reality, CGI , HEML . I/O control code, 8255 I/O card and CCD are applied in the server computer to control and “watch” home appliances. Next, the client computer is connected to the sever computer through the Internet WWW(World Wide Web) network. Then, the user can control remote home appliances directly through the homepage. Finally, the experiment results are presented and discussed.本研究提出一種高效率且易維護的網路監控技術，從遠端確實“看”到監控系統現場動作，並下達控制指令。同時顧慮到使用者操作介面，結合虛擬實境，讓使用者可更輕鬆操作。首先，伺服端結合VR(虛擬實境)、CGI技術、基本的HTML、I/O控制指令、8255 I/O介面卡及CCD(網路攝影機)，應用於家用電氣，接著用戶端透過WWW全球資訊網連上伺服端首頁，然後依首頁之畫面，來達到遠端監控與家庭自動化之目的。

目前生物學知識認為雉科鳥類的性別，在卵受精後即決定(WZ型)，不受環境的影響，但是在本組一連串的實驗中發現，雉科鳥類的性別與孵化的溫度變化有非常大的影響，一般宮廷雞的孵化條件在濕度55％RH及溫度98℉～99℉，在此孵化條件下宮廷雞的子代♀：♂=1：1，若溫度降為97℉的孵化條件下所得子代♀性佔93％，倘若溫度升高為100℉的孵化條件下所得子代♂性佔92％，可見在比正常孵化溫度高的環境下宮廷雞的受精卵會轉變為♂性，而比正常孵化溫度低的環境下孵化的宮廷雞受精卵卻會轉變為♀性，本實驗續做了六代，結果大致相似，由此可以證明控制孵化溫度可以改變宮廷雞的性別，這一行為，可能與Z染色體上一個溫度依賴型的連鎖基因(DMRT1)之表現有關。 ;The temperature of hatching can affect Chinese silkys's sex It is now established that the sex of Pheasants is determined when the egg is impregnated, rather than by environmental factors. However, in a series of experiments, we find that the sex of Pheasants is strongly related to the temperature of hatching. In the normal hatching condition (humidity:55% RH ,temperature: 98.5℉), the ratio of female and male offspring of Chinese silkys is 1:1. If the temperature is lowered to 97℉, the female offspring occupies a proportion of 93%. If the temperature is raised to 100℉, the male proportion will reach 92%. We can thus derive the conclusion: the impregnated eggs of Chinese silkys will be transformed to male at a temperature higher than the normal one, while a lower temperature than the normal one will cause the impregnated eggs to be female. The experiments have been conducted through six generations of Chinese silkys, and the results are practically the same. This indicates that temperature changes can affect gender, This may be related to a Z-linked of DMRT1 gene on the DNA, which is temperature-dependent.

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1)是一個細胞核內的酵素，它可以被因DNA damage\r 而形成的DNA片段活化，並將NAD(+)上的ADP-ribose轉載到結合蛋白質。這些結合蛋白質對\r 於DNA的合成、DNA的修補、以及細胞週期的調控都有關係。因此，PARP-1被認為是維持基\r 因完整性的重要角色。根據初步的研究，抑制PARP-1的活性對許多疾病的治療都可能有效，\r 其中包括癌症、心臟病、中風、糖尿病、發炎以及反轉錄病毒的感染。然而，以藥物抑制一\r 個對DNA修補這麼重要的酵素會有什麼潛在的問題呢？為了要得到解答，我們需要進一步了\r 解PARP-1在DNA damage反應的機能。在這一份報告中，我製造了一個失去活性的PARP-1突變\r 種，即E988K。經過對E988K詳細的研究，我將比較及分析PARP-1野生型與E988K之間不一樣\r 的互動蛋白質，希望能對PARP-1所控制的DNA修補有更進一步的了解。\r \r \r Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a nuclear enzyme activated by DNA strand breaks\r during DNA damage response and catalyzes the transfer of ADP-ribose units from the substrate NAD(+)\r to acceptor proteins. These acceptor proteins involve in modulation of chromatin structure, DNA\r synthesis, DNA repair, transcription, and cell cycle control. Thus, PARP-1 is believed to play an\r important role in maintaining genome integrity through modulation of protein-protein and protein-DNA\r interactions. PARP-1 has been the target for design of inhibitors for over twenty-five years. Inhibitors of\r the activity of PARP-1 have been claimed to have applications in the treatment of many disease states,\r including cancer, cardiac infarct, stroke, diabetes, inflammation and retroviral infection. However, are\r there potential problems associated with inhibition of this DNA-repair enzyme? To answer this question,\r we need to further understand the biological function of PARP-1 during DNA damage response. In this\r report, an enzyme dead mutant (E988K) of PARP-1 was generated. Detailed studies of E988K show that\r E988K could be used in the following studies. Compare and identify the different associated proteins of\r PARP-1 wild-type and E988K will shed light into the molecular mechanism of PARP-1-mediated DNA\r repair.