leidenfrost effect”是水滴能在熱表面產生蒸氣層並隨機跳動。我們便設想利用此特殊蒸氣層達到讓水滴往固定方向前進，甚至優化其加速結構。 我們設計 (角度θ=30°、45°、60°)×(高度h=1.0 mm、1.5 mm、2.0 mm)共9種具數學意義的微結構。測量微結構在(160°C -350°C)溫度下水滴的速度、生命週期，並獨創「珠光粉慢動作攝影」研究形變、熱流。 我們提出未有文獻紀錄的空腔體積、有效接觸面、水滴外部形變機制、內部熱流循環等機制。利用上述資訊建構運動模型，發現θ=60°、h=1.0 mm水滴有最快的速度。且發現高溫段(表面溫度≥300℃)，任何微結構，生命週期差距都極小。我們獨創性提出水滴在微結構下“leidenfrost effect”數學模型，理論值與數據吻合，成功解釋水滴的運動機制。

The growth of the internet is propelling an ever-increasing need for faster communication. Modern telecommunication data is mainly carried through fibre-optic cables, with pulses of light representing bits of data; the main factor limiting data transfer speed is the rate at which the optical receiver at the opposite end of the cable can detect light pulses. Graphene-silicon Schottky photodiodes are a promising alternative to traditionally-used germanium photodiodes, promising higher detection frequency and better contrast between light and dark. To make it less susceptible to erroneous measurements due to graphene having a low band gap, hydrogen functionalisation was used to increase the barrier potential of the Schottky diode so that a higher voltage would be required to allow current to pass through in forward voltage bias and trigger the sensor. This study seeks to determine the optimal conditions — of physical proximity, duration of exposure, and plasma power — for hydrogen functionalisation using radio frequency plasma. Graphene was synthesised using low pressure chemical vapour deposition, then transferred onto P-type silicon to create a photodiode. The graphene-silicon photodiode was then doped with hydrogen plasma to introduce defects in the graphene layer to increase the barrier potential of the photodiode. To assess the effectiveness of hydrogen functionalisation, photocurrent measurements were conducted while light was shone onto the photodiode in pulses of increasing frequency to find the magnitude and spontaneity of the response. Light was shone in pulses of 100ms, and was successfully detected by the photodiode. The pulse spacings were gradually decreased and it was found that the diode was able to detect pulse spacings as low as 1µs, significantly better than germanium photodetectors. The sample demonstrated clear optoelectronic response and was sensitive to changes in frequency. Results show that the intensity of the optoelectronic response in graphene-silicon diodes is inversely related to its physical proximity to the plasma source during hydrogen functionalization; and directly related to the power of the plasma and to the duration of exposure up to a point, after which it will deteriorate. Thus, it can be concluded that graphene-silicon Schottky diodes offer much promise in electronic communication.

Nowadays, all blind people are able to read any type of text thanks to The Braille system, which is a system of reading by touch. The Braille system provides a good and important help to blind people but it’s not enough. They try to integrate into society, try to read and write the same as those blessed with sight. However, only 18% of people can actually write in Braille and doing so takes a lot of effort. While Braille techniques have existed for many years now, there isn’t one that takes advantage of the comfort and easiness of modern technology. To be fair and give more chances to the blind people, and with all the available technologies nowadays, we must find solutions and innovative ideas to fulfill this objective. And this is how our project was born. To be honest, it’s not just a project, for us it’s a dream. Our focus in this project is creating an automatic machine based on transforming our language to their language and transforming this new invention to assist the blind in writing whole texts through speaking. It will be easier than the traditional way. This part of the project will help us print Braille on paper automatically in the cheapest, fastest and easiest way, unlike the traditional method that not only takes a lot of time but also needs a professional. Our printer will only cost approximately 250$ compared to regular printers that cost 6500$! the principles of the code of the speech recognition are voice pickup in all languages as first step, second speech recognition, then speech translation, after that speech analysis and finally translation into Braille and printing it. As for the future, we will work on face, object and image recognition as a scanner to make the visually impaired people read the name of the object and recognize people’s faces like anyone else.

In Singapore’s evolving cyber landscape, 96% of organisations have suffered at least one cyber attack and 95% of organisations have been reporting more sophisticated attacks in the frame of one year according to a 2019 report[1] by Carbon Black. As such, more tools must be utilised to counter increasingly refined attacks performed by malicious actors. Honeypots are effective tools for studying and mitigating these attacks. They work as decoy systems, typically deployed alongside real systems to capture and log the activities of the attacker. These systems are useful as they can actively detect potential attacks, help cybersecurity specialists study an attacker’s tactics and even misdirect attackers from their intended targets. Honeypots can be classified into two main categories: 1. Low-interaction honeypots merely emulate network services and internet protocols, allowing for limited interaction with the attacker. 2. High-interaction honeypots emulate operating systems, allowing for much more interaction with the attacker. Although honeypots are powerful tools, its value diminishes when its true identity is uncovered by attackers. This is especially so with attackers becoming more skilled through system fingerprinting or analysing network traffic from targets and hence, hindering honeypots from capturing more experienced attackers. While substantial research has been done to defend against system fingerprinting scans (see 1.1 Related Work), not much has been done to defend against network traffic analysis. As pointed out by Symantec[2][3], when attackers attempt to sniff network traffic of the system in question, the lack of network traffic raises a red flag, increasing the likelihood of the honeypot’s true identity being discovered. In addition, the main concern with regards to honeypot deployment being their ability to attract and engage attackers for a substantial period of time, an increased ability to interest malicious actors is invaluable. Producing human-like network activity on a honeypot would appeal to more malicious actors. Hence, this research aims to build an intelligent web-surfer which can learn and thus simulate human web-surfing behaviour, creating evidence of human network activities to disguise the identity of honeypots as production systems and luring in more attackers interested in packet sniffing for malicious purposes.

NO.61-06 2022 DEC | 科學研習期刊目錄 本期專題 元宇宙 元宇宙融入教學的經驗｜張玉山、俞玲琍 運用以學習者為主體的教學策略探討教育元宇宙特性｜ 蔡芸琤、謝泓儒 多．元宇宙的層次與情境｜連育仁 萌發中的元宇宙教育｜李美惠、曾裕芬、洪啟軒、盧光倩 教學現場 如何讓中學生認識元宇宙和NFT的關係？｜楊士弘 我的船舶科學旅程｜吳明德 學童數位閱讀素養之教學初探｜林秀貞、呂玉環、蘇萬生 國際化的地震資料中心｜蕭乃祺、甘志文、莊雅婷 科學新知 聖嬰與反聖嬰期間，副高對於颱風路徑的影響探討｜吳明峯、陳鴻碩、李立言、林丹宇、江佳倫、王嘉琪 後疫情數位學習共享世代——歐洲數位教育發展之脈絡與實踐｜劉彥蘭 特約專欄 培育永續發展新世代公民的閱讀、教育與行動——簡介Nature Generation與Green Earth Book Award｜劉淑雯、黃明宏 森棚教官數學題──蜂窩六邊形｜游森棚 科普活動報導 直擊Meta 總部~元宇宙高峰會上體驗最新Quest pro，一起前進元宇宙的未來！｜連育仁 總召集人的話 選舉結束了，激情期間的許多的指控或是不確定的消息，當時來不及以科學的方式來驗證或是論證，激情過後是不是應該讓它隨風而逝，或是更應該實事求是的去檢視是誰在說謊？或是我們都要定期容許這些新聞的轟炸？還是我們要持續追查讓說謊者現出原形，有些懲罰機制讓這些錯誤的新聞未來不會或不敢再出現？透過有計畫的讓公民科學參與，讓真相具體釐清，將會是個很棒的科學傳播案例。另一個想法，與其選舉期間時時待在混亂的世界，可不可能有個世界讓自己更有想像，或是有個沒有假新聞的時空或是有個世外桃源，讓我們可以暫時避難其間？阿凡達電影有一些違反科學的呈現（例如墜落期間的低重力…）可能就是這樣的時空；元宇宙能幫我們實現嗎？ 元宇宙是最近熱門的話題，有許多的想像，也有期待的商機；當然，想像也跟現有科技對接上有一定的落差。虛實互通、完全整合是元宇宙的最大目標；有沒有可能無需很多大型科技裝置的協助就可以整合？畢竟如海森堡測不準原理般的，受觀測的粒子位置的不確定性越小則動量的不確定性越大，反之亦然；在一個位置上是無法準確觀測到粒子的動量。戴著一堆設備在身上去感受會有貼近元宇宙的感覺嗎？是不是有甚麼殺手級的作為可以讓人更容易融入虛實整合？本期的專題主題是元宇宙，希望透過各篇文章的報導，讓大家在想像的空間之外有個現實的考量，知道透過具體規劃去實現未知的想像還有多大的努力空間？例如，使用AR、VR、MR就等同元宇宙嗎？還是僅僅是符合元宇宙其中一個特性--「沉浸式體驗」？那「數位分身」、去中心化的「共識性價值體系」還有哪些可以開發的或是該努力的空間呢？元宇宙融入教學相關議題也有文章討論，元宇宙相關是否列入課綱？仍需考量既有的課綱是否已經扭曲變形（差排，dislocation），或是需要先把造成晶格變形的原子移除，回歸正常晶格，再來討論要插入的原子是否會再造成dislocation？ 臺灣有很多冠軍產業，隱身在許多工業區，可以製作許多世界冠軍級的關鍵性零組件；我們的教學也是可以把許多的機械元件設計、加工教得很透徹，學生考試也得高分；但是動手機會（如實驗課）就是因為加入太多”創新”課程因而受到擠壓而變少。如果把很多最好的機械元件兜在一起，不見得可以組裝出一個最佳的機器設備；主要問題是在小確幸之外缺乏系統整機的概念，缺乏整體宏觀設計的人才，這是需要產業有心、多方嘗試、需要時間培養的。然而，以現在偏移集中特定產業的趨勢、畢業生流動走向，在這韋伯分布下，要實現這個理想恐怕還有得等。再則，AI的高度發展，唬爛產生器或是報告產生器多元發展，恐讓學生在書寫能力上面的發展遲滯，未來的人類會不會如漫畫家筆下的癡肥呆，剩一張嘴就可以過日子？過度依賴科學工具的發展是好還是不好？特別是教育這個議題，有賴更多元的討論。 專題主題：元宇宙 〈元宇宙融入教學的經驗〉本文為元宇宙做了定義，也對軟體操作給了介紹，透過學生回饋也讓大家反思，透過科技工具的協助，讓大家往元宇宙的目標前進靠近；元宇宙相對應尚未發生的許多道德、法律的問題，是重要議題，有待事先思考預防。〈運用以學習者為主體的教學策略探討教育元宇宙特性〉使用AR、VR、MR就等同元宇宙嗎？看看摘錄自內文的文句，這篇文章很值得您詳加閱讀的。 「如何運用「以學習者為主體的教學策略（Human Based Learning, HBL）」，重新定義「教育元宇宙（Education Metaverse）」；讓教育 4.0 能因元宇宙逐步發展的過程，帶來實現的機會，而不只是多了 VR、AR、MR 融入教學，卻沒具體轉化成以學習者為中心的學習模式。…元宇宙邁向蓬勃發展，還有許多未知的可能正在逐步實現中，但許多人卻將虛擬實境、擴增實境、混合實境與元宇宙混在一起，甚至認為只要使用到以上實境（VR, AR, MR）就等於元宇宙。」 〈多．元宇宙的層次與情境〉科技技術的進步，元宇宙的應用也有許多想像，從遊戲延伸到展場、教室、企業與醫療等場域；運用虛擬輔助實體，將實體場域裡的主要元素搬到線上，改善教學或是會議或是其他情境現場因為疫情或是距離的影響而有的問題，例如，無法身歷其境、無互動感等等。戴上頭盔將發光源直接放在眼睛數公分前以獲得虛擬實境的體驗，是否有健康上的疑慮，也有待醫學上的研究及解釋。〈萌發中的元宇宙教育〉報導臺北仁愛科技中心在元宇宙人才培育上的作為，分享教學現場是如何邁開元宇宙教育的第一步。「AR 元宇宙新藝術創作競賽」在教師研習及學生競賽上都有許多經驗可供參考；仁愛科技中心提出許多策略及教學現場可行的作為。 教學現場 〈如何讓中學生認識元宇宙和 NFT 的關係？〉作者在十二年國教科技領域綱要國中資訊科技的學習表現有 「運算思維」和「設計思考」兩個面向的教學內容上加上NFT主題，讓學生能夠額外學習NFT。「體素藝術設計：NFT 項目仿作」以及「NFT 項目的設計與規劃」兩套課程的經驗分享值得讀者參考。〈我的船舶科學旅程〉以船為實體的目標，做為競賽、營隊、工作坊或是研習，不同階段受眾都可以透過知識面及工程規劃以及參與製作的過程，有所成長。吳明德老師分享在模型船活動經驗，讓同好可以學習精進。然而教育現場長期下來的「光說不練」也在製作課程進行過程中讓老師有感；如何在現有的課綱框架中，解決實驗課實習課變少或是都沒上過的窘境，是大家該思考的，畢竟學生時間就只有那麼多。〈學童數位閱讀素養之教學初探〉本文主要在介紹111年度柯華葳線上數位閱讀專題探究競賽，特別是線上探究歷程與相對應閱讀素養指標關係表，很值得閱讀。早期數位閱讀很像姜太公釣魚，願者上鉤；疫情爆炸，改變大家的學習型態及行為，數位閱讀已成常態，數位閱讀素養的能力指標唯有透過搜尋、瀏覽、整合去實踐，如何在眾多資訊中辨別真偽也是重要課題。 科學新知 氣象局掌管國內颱風、地震等重大氣象資訊的量測、模擬及資料庫；這些歷年來累積的龐大資料庫，是全球研究中，國際重要的資訊，也是未來做科學展覽的很重要來源，也是大數據時代非常重要的資料庫之一。〈國際化的地震資料中心〉本文主要在介紹氣象局於2020年開始建置的新一代符合先進國際標準的資料管理系統與服務平臺「臺灣地震與地球物理資料管理系統」（新GDMS），建置歷史及維運情形。透過建置標準化、自動化的資料典藏與服務系統為目標，提供數據具備完整性、通用性、即時性、國際性；使我國能成為國際地震資料中心之一 。〈聖嬰與反聖嬰期間，副高對於颱風路徑的影響探討〉颱風為臺灣帶來雨水，又有機會帶來災難，令人又愛又恨；氣象學家透過數據分析，探討聖嬰及反聖嬰期間，對副熱帶高壓強度以及勢力範圍產生影響，進而影響颱風的路徑；有助於氣象預報的強化。〈後疫情時數位創新時代：歐洲數位教育發展之策略研析〉主要在介紹歐盟於2018年提出的數位教育行動方案，目標於 2030 年前，提高電腦相關技能以及提升識字素養。也特別介紹歐洲數位教育夥伴平臺：European Digital Education Hub 歐盟官方的智庫、EPALE 歐洲成人學習電子平臺、以及Erasmus Mundus Association 網絡論壇平臺。 特約專欄 〈培育永續發展新世代公民的閱讀、教育與行動——簡介Nature Generation與Green Earth Book Award 〉今年是聯合國促進永續發展國際年（IYBSSD），國科會委由台師大邱美虹教授在全台各地有許多大型活動呼應這個嘉年華IYBSSD@TAIWAN。蚊子老師介紹永續主題的Nature Generation 及 Green Earth Book Award 綠色地球圖書獎、Green Earth Book Award 綠色地球圖書獎評選及五類獎項的得獎繪本介紹；透過綠色閱讀的教育與行動是環境保護與解決環境問題的有效途徑之一，也是作者拓展「閱讀、教育與行動」理念的有效作為。 〈森棚教官數學題〉巴斯卡三角形跟六邊形定理有啥關係？熟知的巴斯卡三角形還有其他的演繹形式，不可不知；快來接受挑戰吧！ 科普活動報導 〈直擊Meta 總部~元宇宙高峰會上體驗最新Quest pro,一起前進元宇宙的未來〉作者從報導的角度讓大家看到參加2022 年經濟學人元宇宙高峰會會議進行及報導元宇宙未來的發展。 總召編輯委員 - 李旺龍 關於本刊 出版單位：國立臺灣科學教育館 發行人：劉火欽 總召集人：李旺龍 編輯委員： 物理科吳仲卿/余進忠/戴明鳳/朱慶琪 | 化學科古建國/王伯昌/林如章/周金城/黃琴扉 | 生物科王美芬/蕭世輝/張育傑/辛懷梓/郭淑妙 | 地球科學許民陽/王郁軒/謝隆欽/盧孟明 | 科技科張玉山/汪殿杰/林育沖/徐新逸 | 數學科李源順/游森棚/嚴志弘/高欣欣 | 跨領域學科李名揚/劉淑雯/吳嫻/李芝瑜 | 特約專欄 游森棚/黃琴扉/陳正改/劉淑雯 策劃：李耕雲 主編：吳中益 本月專題特約主編：張玉山 編輯：佟冠誼 林博雅 網頁設計編輯：施曉恬 投稿規範請來信詢問：article@mail.ntsec.gov.tw

The Briggs Rauscher reaction (BR reaction) is one of the famous oscillating reactions; the aqueous mixture of KIO3, H2SO4, H2O2, C3H4O4, MnSO4, and starch exhibit color change between yellow and blue-purple repeatedly. The blue-purple color formation is due to the iodine test reaction caused by inclusions of polyiodides such as I3- and I5- in the helical structure of starch. Therefore, starch has been regarded as only an indicator in the BR reaction. But our seniors have found that the oscillation did not last without starch. They hypothesized that starch’s linear helical framework is necessary to elongate the lifetime of the oscillating reaction. If this hypothesis is correct, similar BR-type oscillations must be observed when other polymers with helical structures are used instead of starch. We found the literature which reports that polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) forms a helical structure and indicates the iodine test reaction. In our research, we studied the BR reactions using PVA, with different saponification degrees and viscosities. First, we studied the correlation between the structural features of PVA and the iodine color reaction by spectroscopic approach, exhibiting that PVA with low saponification form helical structures and show the iodine color reactions, which gives red color solutions. Second, we found that additions of the helical-structured PVA to the reaction solution instead of starch induces the BR-type oscillating reactions, while PVA without helical structure induces only a few numbers of oscillations. This is the world-first example of the oscillating reaction using PVA. The oscillation that lasted for 6 minutes with 23 oscillations was almost the same as that of the general BR reaction using starch. We concluded that the polymers with helical structures are intrinsic to elongate the lifetime of the BR reaction. Furthermore, we found that the addition of K3[Fe(CN)6], which has a high redox activity, in the reaction solution with PVA drastically elongated the lifetime (50 min) and increased the numbers of the oscillations (nearly 100 times). This result suggests that the oxidation-reduction reactions by the ferricyanide ion promotes the redox process of iodine and iodide ions.

Double Parallelogram Lifting Mechanism (DPLM) is a compact and stable lifting mechanism with a large extension range widely adopted in robot designs. Rubber bands and springs are often installed on the DPLM to lighten the motors' load and maintain its height, yet the installation positions are often obtained through trial and error. This project aims at finding the optimal rubber band installation positions for DPLM using modeling and optimization techniques. A mathematical model which describes the forces and moments acting on all the linkages of DPLM was derived based on the conditions for the static equilibrium and verified with a 3D simulation software. A genetic algorithm (GA) was implemented to optimize rubber band installation positions, which managed to find solutions with the overall root-mean-square- error (RMSE) of the net moment less than 2 for 2 to 6 rubber bands. A further statistical analysis of 50000 random rubber band samples showed that installing rubber bands in triangles is the best solution with the overall lowest RMSE. A test was conducted with a prototype of the DPLM and the results were consistent with our model and optimization. This project derived and verified a mathematical model for the DPLM, and found the optimal way and positions to install rubber bands. The results of this project provides a theoretical basis for controlling DPLM with rubber bands, allowing it to be further adopted in industrial robots that require repetitive lifting and lowering such as inspection robots and aerial work platforms.

球體在旋轉平台上的運動分三階段：進動階段、螺線振盪階段、打滑階段。進動階段、螺線振盪階段為兩個運動模式的疊加：迴旋半徑漸增的螺旋線運動、向平台中心靠近的平移運動。當迴旋半徑漸增至滑動摩擦力的上限值，球進入打滑階段並向外甩出平台。 研究紀錄球體質心運動參數，並以接觸點準靜態理論計算及滑動-滾動摩擦模型進行數值分析，找出各種變因與運動參數間的關係。 結果發現滾動階段中鋼球作迴旋運動的頻率f球和平台旋轉頻率f盤和有正比關係，且比例值和球標準化轉動慣量δ正相關。由滾動階段過渡到滑動階段的最大迴旋半徑Rmax和f球2成反比、和δ呈負相關、和滑動摩擦係數μk成正比。滾動摩擦使球向平台中心靠近，也使迴旋半徑漸增。平台傾斜或呈錐狀時，球體的運動會向水平方向偏移。

Observation: Over stress is a one of the major hindrance in realizing true potential. I observe source and effect stress in teens in my nearby society. Observations are as follows: • Parental pressure for excellence in study • commercial purpose • Inferiority complex • Scolding and intimidating children in public Objective: To study mental Stress in adolescence and to find a solution to the cause of mental Stress. • Mental stress should be reduced in adolescence. • In adolescence, parents should convince the children that it is right and wrong because of the pressure put on the children. Experiment: We conducted a survey to find mental stress in children, which was done by a quiz. We conducted this survey between parents. Samples of some quiz :- For Parents: - • Do you scold your child. • Do you think your child is under stress. For Children’s:- • How much do you study in one day. • How do your parents treat you. We go through the experiment: - We surveyed how a child reacts when he is under mental stress. • His brain becomes weaker than a healthy child. • He slowly feels weak around himself. • Parents should keep an eye on children in adolescence. We found many such reasons during the survey. Conclusions: After completing this project we have concluded that the biggest root cause of stress in adolescence is that the mother is unable to give time to the children and there is pressure on them to study, due to this, between parents and children Distance is increasing due to which stress is also increasing.

The present research has as main objective to degrade the post-cured photopolymer of the stereolithography 3D printer resin using Galleria mellonella larvae. It is necessary to consider that the use of materials from 3D printers tends to increase considerably and in approximately seven years about 10% of everything that will be produced in the world will come from this type of printing. Considering also that the increase in population growth and technological development are directly linked to the increase of solid waste on the planet, in particular to polymeric materials, there is a need to degrade and give an adequate end to waste, avoiding a notorious accumulation along the time. For this purpose, Galleria mellonella larvae will be used because of it's comprovated capacity to degrade polyethylene, to find out if it is capable of biodegrading the post-cured resin of the printer. To carry out the research, compositional tests were done in partnership with the SENAI Institute for Innovation in Polymer Engineering, located in São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, and the creation of the larvae and degradation of the photopolymer will be carried out in partnership with the University Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA). The data analysis will be based on the crystallinity determination tests by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy (ATR) that will also be applied in the larvae feces after contact with the polymer to assess for degradation. As a result of the compositional tests, the ATR showed predominantly characteristic absorptions of acrylic resin; in the TGA test, the loss of mass described in the test is related to the loss of mass of organic material, mainly polymer. Finally, in the DSC test a thermal event was observed in the heating of the sample, with peaks at 125 ° C (Tpm), characteristic of fusion, and a thermal event in the cooling of the sample, in 112 ° C (Tpc), characteristic of crystallization. Based on the analysis of the results obtained, it is possible to infer that most of the composition of the photopolymer is acrylic resin, widely used in stereolithography 3D printers. The research has the future objective of isolating the substance into the larvae responsible for degradation so that it can be degraded on industrial scales. The research started in March 2020 and is still under development due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which compromised the planned tests.

A traditional helicopter requires 60 - 80% more power to hover than when in forward or lateral flight, making the manoeuvre extremely power inefficient. To maximise efficiency, industrially many properties of the helicopter and rotor have been changed and tested, for example: optimising blade shape, fuselage shape and changing weights of different helicopter components. This report in particular aims to find a relationship between power efficiency and angular velocity for a twin bladed hovering helicopter with a single rotor. The angular velocity of a blade measures the frequency of its revolution about a fixed point. A theoretical approach was first taken and then justified with empirical data. Firstly, a model for power efficiency was derived with William Froude’s momentum and blade element theory. The efficiency equations incorporated the thrust and power coefficients. Therefore, the research focused on determining values for these coefficients by manipulating equations, using industrial specifications and simulations from the XFOIL software. In order to validate the accuracy for such theoretically generated data, an experiment was conducted for a comparison. The theoretical and empirical data were concurrent, as they followed a similar trend and the empirical values overlapped within the theoretical error bars. The power efficiency for different angular velocities were then found by substituting values for the coefficients. The results demonstrated a positive relationship; where, as angular velocity increases, power efficiency increases too, then plateaus and repeats the same trend once again. The research raises many questions and could be extended by determining if a similar relationship exists for tri-copters and quadcopters.

Recent studies showed that the probability of Taiwanese females developing breast cancer has risen dramatically over the past 30 years. We are now facing younger and more breast cancer patients in Taiwan. What makes the matter even more severe, is the fact that patients that take cancer treating medicine will suffer from its serious side effects, some may even lose the ability to reproduce. We hope to develop a new system that can help doctors and researchers develop new medicine for treating breast cancer, the way medicine cures cancer tumors are by attaching onto the infected cells’ receptors. After collecting MACCS data (converted from SMILES), the dataset will be used for training the machine learning program. Due to the problem of insufficient training data, we used an ensemble method to generate our machine learning model. Among the three basic ensemble techniques, Max Voting, Averaging, and Weighted Averaging. we selected the max voting technique to perform the prediction for this research. We created two separate datasets, positive and negative, the two datasets will later be used as training data for the program. We weren’t sure of the ratio of positive and negative in the training data, therefore we compare 40 different ratios and evaluate the results. By comparing the accuracy of the models, we found out that when the ratio between positive data and negative data is 1:3000, the machine learning program will have the highest precision. After we created the final model through voting among the 1000 models generated, we evaluate the precision of the model through the following methods, AUC, precision, recall. The ultimate goal of this research is to assist doctors and researchers shorten the process of developing and testing new medicines.