在數位化的今日，由於網際網路的技術蓬勃發展，網際網路變得更容易使用及具高度的親和性，使得網際網路的使用逐年成長。隨著越來越多人依賴網路進行交易，也衍生了層出不窮的網路詐騙問題。其中，網路釣魚就是一項著名的詐騙技術：詐騙者透過偽裝成知名企業的網站，藉此騙取使用者的個人私密資料。在本研究中，我們提出了一套植基於彩色視覺密碼學原理的網站驗證機制，使用者可以透過此機制，直接利用人類視覺的方式來驗證所連上的網站是否有問題，並在此機制之下，設計出另一套管理使用者密碼的方式，進而方便使用者不必費心的去記憶密碼。 Recently, as networks technology flourishes, Internet becomes easier and friendlier to use, and makes the usage of Internet grow up year after year. With more and more people relying on online transactions, it leads to endless network fraud issues. Among them, phishing is a well-known fraud technology to disguise the famous business website to get user’s private information by cheating. Therefore, in this study, an effective scheme based on color visual cryptography is proposed to test and verify the website. Through the proposed mechanism, users can check whether there is a problem website by using human vision directly. Furthermore, the proposed scheme also provides another way to manage user’s password effectively.

Data and records show accidents caused by loose bolts or nuts often occur in building or mechanical structures all over the world. They may be train derailments, parts falling off amusement rides, escalator breakdowns or wheels coming off automobiles. These incidents can often cause serious casualties and should not be ignored. At present, the only devices used to prevent screws loose are spring washer and nylon locking nuts, but they are not readily detectable with the naked eye when they failed to tighten. Based on simple mechanics and spring principled, our “Smart Washer” has been designed to detect loosen screws. Whenever the bolt or nut gets even slightly loose, the lower part of the washer will spring up, this is a sign to alert and remind the user to carry out maintenance and re-tighten the loosen screw before serious accidents occur.

當輕敲啤酒杯時，會發覺酒杯發出之聲調隨氣泡漸漸消失而有所改變。為了解氣泡是如何影響頻率，我測試了幾種含氣泡之飲料，以探討當氣泡漸漸消失時，杯子發聲頻率之變化。實驗發現杯子內飲料之氣泡漸漸消失時，裝啤酒與可樂杯子的發聲頻率逐漸增高，然而裝沙士杯子的頻率卻逐漸降低。為解開此相互矛盾的現象，我設計了將液面上之泡沫及液面下之氣泡分開檢驗的實驗。實驗結果發現，液體中氣泡的存在會使杯子發聲頻率變高。而當液體表面受到擾動時，會降低杯子的發聲頻率。若液面上存在泡沫時，杯子的發聲頻率也會變低。這表示裝盛含氣泡飲料杯子音律之變化，須同時考量液內含泡量與液體表面之效應。此結果可以成功的解釋為何啤酒、可樂與沙士於氣泡漸漸消失時，杯子頻率會變高或變低的現象。Tapping the side of a glass of beer as the bubbles escape, one can find that the pitch will change. In order to know how the bubbles would influence the frequency, I survey the pitches of a wine glass with various drinks that would generate bubbles. As bubbles getting away from the glass, my experimental data shows that the frequencies of the tone did get higher when the glass contains beer and coke. However, I surprisingly find a different result when the same glass contains sarsaparilla. Hence I design a series of experiments to understand the possible mechanism. The data suggests that when the drinks contain bubbles in it, the frequencies of the tones will be higher. When the liquid surfaces were disturbed, the frequencies of the tones will become lower. If there were foams above the liquid surfaces, the frequencies of the tones will also be lower. This finding proposes that people needs to consider both the bubble bulk status and surface effects. The consequences of the competitions between these two effects can successfully explain how the tones are changed in the cases of beer or sarsaparilla or coke.

編號1~mn 的mn 個物件已隨機置入m× n 階的矩陣中，另外有一行m 個空格的暫存區供物件暫存用。我們探討將這mn 個物件移至目標區並按照1,2,…, mn 的次序排列，所需的移動步數；每一步的移動中，只能移動每一行最頂層的物件到其他行(含暫存區)的最頂層或目標區。在這篇報告中，我們給出了一個適用於n ? m ?1時的移動方法，此方法在一般的情形下，所需的移動次數未必是最少；但是在最不利於移動的情形下，我們證明此方法所需的移動步數為最少。There are mn objects, numbered from 1 to mn, put on an m× n matrix randomly, and there is another column with m blank spaces for temporary storage purpose during moving. In each step of moving, we can only move the top object from one column to the top of another column or to the target pile. The total steps needed to move these mn objects to the target pile in increasing order from the bottom to the top is studied in this article. A general method for solving this problem when n ? m ?1 is given, and we prove that it provides an optimal solution in the worst cases. However, it may not always provide the minimal steps in all cases.

Elevation of intracellular calcium secondary to increased calcium influx along with increased gliosis are implicated in the pathogenesis of focal ischemic stroke. In astrocytes, which play a major role in maintaining homeostasis in brain ischemia, the identities of the ion channels responsible for increased calcium influx during ischemia is relatively unknown although several Ca2+-permeable transient receptor potential (TRP) channels have been identified to have contributing roles. The transient receptor potential vanilloid 5 (TRPV5) channel is a Ca2+-permeable cationic channel expressed primarily in kidney epithelial cells and at low levels in the brain, but the exact localization and role this channel plays in the brain has not been explored. To investigate the possible role TRPV5 plays in astrocytic calcium influx in ischemia, we examined the functional expression of TRPV5 in astrocytes subjected to hypoxia-ischemia in vitro and in rat models of ischemic stroke in vivo. We hypothesize that TRPV5 contributes to increased calcium influx in ischemia. By treating astrocytes with culture conditions without glucose and with low oxygen levels, we found that TRPV5 is upregulated with increasing durations of simulated hypoxia-ischemia in vitro. Similarly, rat models of ischemic stroke with middle cerebral artery occlusion also show TRPV5 upregulation in reactive astrocytes, suggesting a possible role of TRPV5 in reactive gliosis in vivo. Microfluorimetric intracellular calcium imaging using Fura-2 on primary cultured astrocytes show a voltage-independent increase in astrocytic calcium influx after hypoxia-ischemia in vitro that is selective for extracellular Ca2+ concentration and is reduced by inhibition of TRPV5 with ruthenium red. Electrophysiology measurements using the whole-cell patch clamp technique on primary cultured astrocytes reveal a non-selective cation current similar to that of TRPV5 that is inhibited by Mg2+, another inhibitor of TRPV5. Preliminary results on astrocyte cell viability during hypoxia-ischemia with TRPV5 inhibition by ruthenium red also suggest that inhibition of TRPV5 could enhance astrocyte survival and reactive gliosis in vitro, indicating a beneficial role in blocking non-selective Ca2+ entry via TRPV5 into astrocytes. Since TRPV5 is highly selective for Ca2+ and an important channel for Ca2+ absorption in various epithelial cells, TRPV5 upregulation may contribute significantly to elevated Ca2+ influx in astrocytes in hypoxia-ischemia. Also, Ca2+ influx has been demonstrated to play a crucial role in reactive gliosis, further suggesting that TRPV5 upregulation is involved in reactive gliosis. We propose that TRPV5 is involved in ischemia-induced calcium influx in astrocytes, and might participate in the pathogenesis of focal ischemic stroke.

靈光乍現：弦的震盪由直到彎，從單懸到雙懸迴盪不已，共振駐波顯現半波長的微妙變化。故佈疑陣：曲弦振盪、共振頻率、弦上張力、半駐波長，玄機重重。 高潮迭起：推翻同一弦上所受張力相同，得知曲弦曲度不同所受張力亦不等的真相。 明天過後：重現曲弦程度，知彈性係數迴旋，將曲弦駐波性質變化摸透透。 ;Inspirations: Vibrating the string of thing bar from longittudinal to transverse; from both arm to single arm; from the waves of the string to the mystery ofλ/4. Battle: Resonance frequency, string tension force, half stationary wave, questions flying everywhere. Revolution: Overturn the theory that the tension force on the same string equalizes everywhere by measuring the length of eachλ/2 ; proof that the tension force enlarges from the top of the string to the end because of the gravity of the string ; Calculate the constant of the difference between the length of the incomplete wave on the end andλ/4 / the last completeλ/2. Proof that the constant is decided by the thickness of the string rather than the length of the string ; Finding the fact that the number of completeλ/2 on the same string equals no matter where the vibrating spot is.

本實驗是利用二氧化矽分子篩保護奈米銀的方法，有別於市面上奈米銀產品大都以有機溶劑浸泡，且保護劑均是採取界面活性劑，該項產品浸在純水中除了不會改變溶液性質外，又能以分子篩特性讓奈米銀漸進式釋放而達到長效性效果。 針對棉衫吸附奈米銀實驗非常成功，經過十次以上洗滌且放置時間長達一個月以上，對於抗菌效果也有長效性的功能，為本次實驗重大突破。 The experiment is to use SiO2 molecular sieve protected nano Ag method , different from nano Ag popular product which is organic solvent-soak, and the protectant are all surfactant. This product will not change solvent’s proterty in pure water , beside , molecular sieve generally release nano Ag and achieve long-term effect . The experiment for cotton clothes adsorptive nano Ag is very successful , and achieve long-term effect in antibacterial property , that is the most significant .

一個有3 個旋鈕，每個位置的號碼數分別是a、b、c 的密碼鎖，如果有兩個位置的數字正確就能打開，最少需要猜多少次才能保證打開這個鎖。在本論文中，我們將密碼鎖三個位置的號碼數分成：a＝b＝c＝n、a＝b＜c，a＝b＞c 和a＞b＞c 四個部份來討論。前兩部份的研究已經找到最少次數開鎖的方法 ，後兩部份則是給了一個演算法可求出開鎖次數的上界。If a combination lock with three rotate wheels can be opened when two wheels are adjusted to the correct numbers, then how many guesses does one need to make before he or she can actually open this lock? Let us say a , b and c respectively represents the numbers that should show on each wheel. In this paper, we divide the numbers into shown on the three wheels, and they are a = b = c = n , a = b c and a = b < c . The research on the first two combinations has already given us the method we can use to open he lock with the least number of trials. On the other hand, the latter two offer us an algorithm that can be uses to obtain the upper bound of tries needed to open the lock.

奈米技術在 20 世紀後期蓬勃發展，而具有奈米及孔洞的超分子更為化學家所積極尋求合成上的突破與挑戰， 超分子化學用來探討一些分子間較弱、可恢復性的作用力，以期製備一系列具有功能性的孔洞材料 。 其主 要分為以下六種： 1. 凡德瓦力 (van der Waals forces，energy -1) 2. π-π堆疊作用力 (π-π stacking interactions ，energy= 0~50kJ‧mol-1) 3. 氫鍵 (hydrogen bonds，energy energy = 4~50kJ‧mol -1) 4. 偶極 -偶極作用力 (dipole -dipole interactions，energy= 5~50kJ ‧mol -1) 5. 陽離子-π作用力 (cation interactions， energy = 5~80kJ ‧mol -1) 6. 離子 -偶極作用力 (ion-dipole interactions，energy= 50~200kJ ‧mol -1) 而分子自組裝即利用這些作力， 依熱學最安定的合發生然排列現象可應用於分離、化學感氣體儲存子交換導熱以及光電性。 本研究主要利用混合掌性異構物的酒石酸鉀鈉與硝酸鈣或鎂，在水酒精的環境下進行自組裝，利用簡單與無毒的自組裝合成法，讓右旋酒 石酸分子鎂金屬配位而左石酸分子與鈣金屬配位，別得到掌性聚合物除了將兩種 掌性異構物分離，也 實踐綠色化學中無毒與環保的概念 。

The purpose of my project was to determine which activity improved academic performance the most: 10 minutes of exercise, 10 minutes of Brain Gym (cross-lateral movements), or a combination of 5 minutes exercise and 5 minutes Brain Gym. This project was conducted to find which activity would be a better learning aid in grade 4 students. There were many steps to conducting this study. First, I located teachers and classes, willing to allow the testing and determined days and times to test. Next, I created consent forms to explain the project and had permission forms from the students and their parents signed. Then I prepared 15 math and reading tests at students’ grade level. There were two tests for 15 days- labeled Before Test and After Test. When I administered the tests for the classes doing the activities, I made sure the tests were given by the classroom teacher, which kept the students motivated. Tests were given every day for 5 days. The Before Test was given at 1:00 pm. Then at 1:30 pm students did 10 minutes of the planned activity for that week. Immediately after the activity, students were given the After Test. This was done every day and was repeated for Exercise, Brain Gym, and Combination week. The control class was designed to determine if doing the test for a second time in a day improved the student’s performance. The Before Test was given at 1:00 pm and then at 1:30 pm. When the Before Tests were completed, the students continued with their daily work for 10 minutes. Then at 1:40 pm students were given the After Test. This was repeated for Exercise, Brain Gym, and Combination week. Students were given 10 minutes to complete the scheduled activity that week; either Exercises, Brain Gym or a combination of the two. During the week of Exercise, Jumping jacks, Skipping, Stride jumps, Burpies, Twisties and Jogging on the spot were completed in the 10 minutes provided. During the Brain Gym week, there were 26 Brain Gym movements. The lists of movements were rotated each day; so all movements were performed. The test results of this study were intriguing. (Bar=Standard Deviation) I concluded that 10 minutes of exercise was the better brain booster. Exercise improved academic performance by 9.8%. Brain Gym improved academic performance by 0.2% and the combination activities increased test scores by an average of 3.2%. The control class test scores decreased on average by 1.0% indicating that writing the tests twice in a day, did not improve students’ test scores. Exercising for 10 minutes improved student’s math scores by 11.0% and reading scores by 6.9%. Brain Gym math test scores decreased by 1.4%, and increased in reading by 1.8%. In the combination of the two, the math test scores decreased by 1.0%, reading test scores increased by 7.4%. Overall, the most effective and reliable brain booster was 10 minutes of mild aerobic exercise alone.

本實驗希望發展簡易光降解有機物的裝置以降低分解一些實驗室中常見的有機廢液，實驗中採用Pyrex 玻璃取代昂貴的石英材質反應槽，使用空氣打氣機取代純氧氣的輸送，以TiO? 在分解甲基橙的水溶液中可測得反應速率為二級，利用二級反應速率推得甲基橙降解半生期約44.5小時。本實驗中並嘗試以不同的反應初濃度探討甲基橙降解效果，發現甲基橙在愈稀薄的溶液中，分解效果較佳。;We hope that the experiment can help us develop an equipment to reduce the common organic waste in some laboratories. We will use Pyrex glasses to replace the expansive quartz reactor and the air pump to increase air flow instead of pumping pure oxygen. The results show that our reaction equipment is good decomposition efficiency. The phtodegradation in methyl orange is second order reaction, and the half of livetime is 44.5 hour. We find that the photodegradative rate of the methyl orange is much effective in a thinner solution.