本研究探討象鼻蟲製作捲葉前在葉面上戳洞行為與圓柱狀捲葉關係。研究過程中測量葉面上孔洞記號的連接距離，發現可呈現許多相似等腰三角形，將所畫出的三角形組合成七邊形後，再利用三角函數及餘弦定理來驗證孔洞與捲葉間數學的規律。探討全等性質的等腰三角形及相似等腰三角形面積關係，並以手作摺紙及GSP軟體繪製圖形觀察。結果可以得知： (一)在一面積相等的正七邊形中，全等三角形合併時（內部為中心點）與相似等腰三角形合併時（內部為任意點）的面積公式為a/2(h1+h2+...hn)=n*a/4(cosθ/2)2*sin2π/n ，則可知兩者面積相等。 (二)我們利用餘弦定理進行演算，結果發現等腰三角形頂角約為 ，底角約為 ，與正七邊形內角相近，所以可得知捲葉搖籃內部約為正七邊形，而有接近圓的模式，符合捲葉搖籃的外觀形態。

Sine bar is precise measuring angular tool with gage blocks.Basica1 旬, to get height we calculates with H=L×sinOto assemble gage blocks.It is inconvenient to assemble gage blocks and maintain after we measured when wanting to get different dimensions. In out wOItwe have fabricated rap1d positioning sine bar by combining micrometer and sine bar.The purposes ofthis research are producing dimensions accurately and rapidly.Thus,it won't have errors when workp1eces are mached and measured. 正弦桿是測量角度的精密量具，基本上，正弦桿需跟塊規組合使用，再利用Ｈ＝Ｌ Ｓｉｎθ 算出需組合之高度，在算出需用何種尺寸之塊規需用幾塊，但如果遇到多種不同高度時，則需要更換不同尺寸之塊規，塊規在每次使用時都需清潔乾淨，十分的不方便，在此我們利用測微器，與正弦桿結合，捨去塊規，研製出快速定位正弦桿。此一設計主要包含有原本的正弦桿，一支測微器，結合成新的正弦桿，本正弦桿主要的特性是，在每一種高度算出後，即可利用正弦桿上的測微器直接旋轉到需要之高 度，且轉到需要之高度後可將測微器固定讓測微器不再旋轉，且兩者是一體的，不會出現測量或是加工時，正弦桿移動之現象，使用中也不會去觸摸到測微器之測頭而產生了熱脹冷縮之誤差發生，達到快速定位之需求。

The physiochemical properties of fullerenes have aroused wide interest, such as its ability to accept and lose electrons and relatively high reactivity that permit various modes of structural modifications. However, obstacles to further research include its complete lack of solubility in water and low processability.\r This project investigated the morphology and microstructure of a fullerene-grafted polymer as a potential candidate for better and novel systems for drug delivery. In this research, hydrophilic functionalities were introduced to the C60 fullerene by chemical modifications, through the attachment of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) chain. The objective was to investigate the dynamics and the self-assembly properties of this polymer in aqueous solutions, and the knowledge gained would enhance the development of such system for potential applications in drug delivery and nanotechnology.

在本次的實驗中，我們藉由拉午耳定律的公式及一條由作者從實驗中推論而得的公式，可以簡單的求出不同溶液的分壓。我們只需要一個自製式的簡易裝置，在裝置底下放置被測量的溶液，並密封使其成為封閉系統，其頂端為一銅箔，在銅箔上使用適合的溶液，藉由上方溶液蒸發量與下方不要放置溶液蒸發量的差異之值比較，即可求出其下方兩種成份系的溶液中各種溶液在不同莫耳分率下的分壓以及能量的傳遞，雖然會有誤差的存在，但比照一般利用光譜法來測量的方式，成本卻降低很多，且經由公式，也可估計各點的活性係數，比之以往簡易很多，因此可當作針對的高中生示範教學及教具，使同學更能了解兩成分係非理想溶液在拉午耳定律中之差別。This study shows that is easy to figure out the partial pressure of the different solutions by applying the formula of the Raoult's laws and a formula computed by the authors from their experiment data. All that is needed is a simple hand-made device. In the experiment, the device was sealed into a closed system after the solution to be measure was placed at the bottom of the device. A proper liquid was put in the top piece of the device, which was made of copper foil. By computing the difference between the amounts of evaporation of the top liquid with and without the bottom solution, we figured out that the two-component solution is the partial pressure and energy transmission of the solutions at varied mole fractions. Though errors do exist, cost was much lower by this method than by the spectrum method. Besides, the formula makes it easier to estimate the activity coefficients at different points. Therefore, the study can be applied in physics teaching in senior high school to facilitate students' understanding of the differences between two-component solutions in the Raoult's laws.

To compare the habitat and physical\r differences of two burrowing scorpions, Opistophthalmus pugnax and\r the Opistophthalmus glabrifrons to be found in the Gauteng area\r (South Africa). Although these scorpions’ habitat overlaps, they don’t\r co-occur at the same site.

本研究主要目的在於設計一套環保節能、價格低廉且維修方便的水族整合系統。因此我們針對市面上常見的水族設備進行優缺點分析，並且從冷卻、過濾與溫控三大方向進行研究與改良。實驗過程有以下幾點重要心得與發現：小型水族系統可採用致冷晶片(Thermoelectric Cooling, TEC)作為冷卻機的冷卻核心，其整體表現優於傳統壓縮式冷卻機；致冷晶片的「熱面」散熱越好，「冷面」致冷力也越好；致冷晶片雖然運作電壓越大時，降溫幅度越大，但最佳經濟模式為在電壓12V下運作；致冷晶片在室溫越高的情況下運作，冷卻效果越好；致冷晶片搭配電子式控溫器，水溫控制的精確度較高，但也因啟動次數較多，造成晶片故障率提高；我們所研發的「微風六型不鏽鋼冷卻平台」為升降水溫的最佳介面；「微風六型水族冷暖機」搭配「側面強制過濾+底部過濾」的過濾方式將可適用於所有的水族養殖系統；「微風六型水族冷暖整合系統」採模組化設計，維修容易、價格低廉且環保節能為值得推廣的水族整合系統。

CD157 is a 31kDa ectoenzyme that is expressed at elevated levels in patients\r with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The full function of this protein has yet to be\r determined, and the correlation between CD157 and RA is not well\r understood.

Beings inherit various morphs and natural ability properties from their genetic parents to adapt to the environment and survive; Precis iphita iphita , for instance, is a best example of it. Although few literatures on Precis iphita iphita is found, through long-term field observation on the food intake, nest building, avoiding predator of immature stage, and living domain, the oviposition, plant preference of the adult, different stages of morphs and changes of behavior can be classified obviously when there are environmental or weather changes. The above can help investigate how they interact and influence with plants. This study aims to record and describe various behaviors and surrounding changes for Precis iphita iphita. 生物為適應環境求取生存，從親代遺傳許多形態、本能；黑擬蛺蝶（Precis iphita iphita） 的生活史就是個很好的例子。雖然文獻報告對黑擬蛺蝶的形態與行為描述不多，但藉由野外 長期實地觀察幼蟲的攝食、築巢、躲避天敵，以及成蝶的領域、產卵、食草選擇，可明顯區 分當環境、氣候產生變化時，黑擬蛺蝶不同蟲期的蟲體都有許多外在行為的改變，可作為探 討其與植物間的交互作用和影響。本研究旨在描述黑擬蛺蝶各種不同的行為與當時環境的狀 態，並將實際觀察所得詳實記載，以供他人比較參考。

The apricot kernel is believed to have a great medicinal value in many cultures. However, literature and research indicates that this belief still remains extremely controversial and conclusions regarding the medicinal value are ambiguous due to the presence of cyanide in the kernel. The focus of this research was to evaluate two objectives through the use of several integrated technologies and modified methods: (a) To successfully remove the cyanide from the apricot kernel using an adapted method; (b) To determine the effects of the cyanide free apricot kernel extracts on Helicobacter pylori and Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria. Procedures The apricot kernels were removed from the pits and then ground using a food processor. The kernels were then tested for cyanide using a cyanide test kit and Cyantesmo test tape. These tests indicated that cyanide was present. A novel approach was devised to remove the cyanide and when retested, the kernels tested negative for cyanide. This result was confirmed with Infrared Spectroscopy. The cyanide free kernels were then extracted using a Soxhlet Extractor with methanol for 24 hours. In addition to the methanol extraction, three other techniques were used to obtain kernel extracts: (a) Celite filtration, (b) Infusion Method A, (c) Infusion Method B. The Kirby Bauer method was modified for the microbiology aspect of this project. The Helicobacter pylori and Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria were plated using a 0.5 McFarland Standard. Paper filter discs containing 20µL of each extract were placed onto the inoculated plates in replicates of nine. After 48 hours of incubation, the zones of inhibition were read for each plate. Data The results were extremely encouraging and therefore to ensure the accuracy and preciseness of the data collected, four statistical analyses were completed. These include Confidence Intervals (CI), Standard Deviation (STDEV), T-Tests, and Chi Tests. The methanol extract was significantly different from the control in all trials. The Chi test also yielded a Chi Square value of 223, which was significantly greater than the critical value of 15.507, indicating that the results observed were not due to coincidence. Conclusion Literature evidence has indicated that the apricot kernel has been and is still used for medicinal purposes. Studies have shown that the presence of cyanide and the risks associated with this compound outweigh any benefits gained from the kernel. It has also been suggested that previous bacterial testing resulting in positive inhibition may have been due to the presence of cyanide. However, in this study, I was able to remove the cyanide through an innovative method to prove that the biological activity observed was highly unlikely to be due to cyanide. This indicates that there are other compound(s) in the apricot kernel that have specific antibacterial properties. The potential to improve the quality of life through the application of the apricot kernel appears to be supported, and further studies justified at this time.

對於轉向次數K→∞且轉向角ɵ為任意角時，各收斂點P於坐標平面上恰形成圓C：。已知U為x軸上任一點且坐標為(u,0)，當ɵ改變時，p1p2與UP之交點S的軌跡為圓錐曲線（點、直線、拋物線、橢圓、雙曲線）。當U=c 時，交點S的軌跡為橢圓，此橢圓的長軸長為圓C半徑（r/1-r2 ），且焦點為P1(1,0)與C(1/1-r2,0)。各轉向點Pn(nÎN)位於一個方程式為，定角為之等角螺線上；同時繪出轉向次數k在不同值時，瓢蟲行進終點之軌跡，以驗證當k愈來愈大時，各終點形成的軌跡會趨近於一個圓。當k=2時，圖形為蚶線並證明其經平移後之極坐標方程式為R=r+2r2cosɵ。最後我們展示行進公比 r→1-，r=1 ， r→1+ 時所呈現的終點軌跡，並對此軌跡所呈現出的意象與自然界連結，而其實質關聯性則有待未來研究。

NO.61-04 2022 AUG | 科學研習期刊目錄 本期專題 HOMING找家 找家：回到人與萬物共存的希望星球── 一場生命演化的精彩大戲 | 張鈞翔 臺灣苔蘚植物多樣性初探 | 楊嘉棟 稻米多樣性之面面觀 | 董致韡 教學現場 愛你入骨──骨骼大探索 | 李弘善 低成本維管束縱向標本製作與課堂應用 | 廖酉鎮 導入STEAM於高中微課程之設計與實踐（上）：以基礎醫學課程為例 | 王瑜琦、鄭瑋宜、柯翠玲、王淑綺 科學新知 2021年夏季的全球性極端天氣 | 盧孟明 特約專題 以《布魯克林大橋》繪本進行STEAM教學之實踐──我是橋梁建築師 | 劉淑雯、葉惠華 戶外STEAM教育特色課程開發——植物藍晒書籤 | 陳磊、黃琴扉 唐偉成 森棚教官數學題──向左轉向右轉 | 游森棚 科教館GO好玩 魚標本導入小小館員活動 | 廖雅婷、邱利、林怡萱 科教館邀你到全新生物多樣性展區「找家」 | 王若憶 總召集人的話 突破源於好奇心（默克）、創意急轉彎（索尼創意科學大賞）、科學平權（科思創）…，這些對於企業社會責任有使命感的公司，無不以科學為主題舉辦活動或是競賽去鼓勵小朋友發揮創意。我們的許多創意阻塞缺乏是源自於對自然的觀察太少或是不夠入微。如何喚醒被壓抑許久的好奇心？ 如何在長期好奇心的積累之下有好的創意？ 如何將好的創意具體實現？ 如何思考讓任何人都可以平等的接觸科學？ 有空多到戶外親近大自然、多到教育部轄下的五大科教館所走走，相信親臨現場的接觸，會喚醒您的好奇心、啟發您的創意。創意的具體實現更是需要真正的動手、嘗試、修正才能完成；一個系統中如果有太多光說不練的人，會讀書的很多、只會給意見的很多，能實踐動手的很少，這樣整個系統很快會崩壞；所以我們要向那些努力在基層、偏鄉、科教館所等地，透過設計、引導及演示來讓小朋友動手的科普社群老師們致敬。 本期專題 〈找家：回到人與萬物共存的希望星球──一場生命演化的精采大戲〉科博館張鈞翔博士寫得很有畫面，從一張手繪圖就精準的展現脊椎動物從海到陸的演化歷程，又談到驅使脊椎動物重返海洋，和魚類一起分享這廣大瑰麗的海洋世界的原因。從生物的特徵對應到其生存之道-如獵捕與奔逃等，生命演化充滿了新生、變化、滅絕…。「滅絕是生命不朽的代價」這句寫得真棒，雖然病毒不是生命，但對應到現在COVID-19病毒的變種，讓人即時有感。〈臺灣苔蘚植物多樣性初探〉特生中心楊嘉棟主任指出，臺灣的地理位置加上地形和氣候因素（洋流、氣流、颱風），形成相當高的物種多樣性，是世界上苔蘚植物種類最豐富的地區之一。多變的微環境因子造就了苔癬這群小而美的綠色小精靈。您知道這綠色小精靈跟蘭花種植及威士忌釀造有關嗎？它來自何方？ 苔蘚除了作為環境指標偵測還有那些特異功能？〈稻米多樣性之面面觀〉每天吃的米飯，是如何透過雜交，再經過多年繁殖、選拔、評估而育成的高產品種？ 我們看到的水稻是淹在水裡、稻實滿滿不易脫落；栽培稻是如何一步一步從野生稻演化出或是被人類『馴化』成如此豐富的遺傳變異及多樣性？ 循著時間軸的紀錄軌跡，許多考古學家與遺傳學家試圖透過科學方法解開這個謎團，DNA 裡記錄著過去所發生的突變、天擇、人擇、移地適應及遺傳物質重組、互換、交流等等事件；臺大農藝系董致韡教授跟您說分明。 教學現場 有本書叫「露骨」是在講X射線如何影響這個世界的故事，有部電視劇Bones（識骨尋踪），也是透過骨頭展現的蛛絲馬跡去反溯兇案的起因；這些都是很棒的骨頭教材。能具體描述骨頭的許多特徵是展現學生在教學現場學習的成效表現，李弘善老師透過〈愛你入骨──骨骼大探索〉一文與您分享及探究教學現場的經驗及樂趣。〈低成本維管束縱向標本製作與課堂應用〉教學現場的廖酉鎮老師透過巧思教您簡易的、不費時且低成本的製作根、莖、葉維管束壓製玻片，利用隨手可得的材料親手製作與觀察維管束標本，顯微鏡下的觀察，美麗又開心。〈導入STEAM於高中微課程之設計與實踐（上）：以基礎醫學課程為例〉王瑜琦教授等四位作者透過三門基礎醫學相關的高中微課程（微生物、營養及解剖）實施，讓讀者理解教學現場導入STEAM的課程設計與學習成效。 科學新知 〈2021年夏季的全球性極端天氣〉為何2000年之後北半球夏季極端天氣比以前更加頻繁和劇烈？ 極端天氣是現在的常態，也是讓人很不習慣的當下狀態。臺大大氣系盧孟明教授透過「準共振放大效應quasi-resonant amplification （QRA）」去連結極端氣候及「行星尺度準駐波」和「北極增溫的放大效應」三者的關係。許多不確定的天氣現象也有待更多的觀測及建模來解釋，這代表還有很多可以研究的空間。 特約專欄 〈以《布魯克林大橋》繪本進行STEAM教學之實踐──我是橋梁建築師〉劉淑雯老師及葉惠華老師展現課程規畫及教學成果及成效討論。〈戶外STEAM教育特色課程開發——植物藍晒書籤〉黃琴扉教授團隊結合戶外活動與科學動手做活動製作植物藍晒書籤，分享其經驗及成果。〈森棚教官數學題──向左轉向右轉〉一文以立方體為例，走到角落可能往左可能往右，再一直走下去，當走到原來的出發點時，平均每個邊被走了幾次？如果正方體改成足球呢？題目刺激，大家趕緊動動腦，也拿出紙張塗個鴉有助思考。 科教館GO好玩 〈魚標本導入小小館員活動〉如何製作魚標本？本文有詳細介紹，也結合正在進行的展出投稿本文章；同時導入小小博物館員教育活動之中；如果小小博物館員體驗營使用的是真正的魚而非護貝之魚，那對受眾會是更有感覺。〈科教館邀你到全新生物多樣性展區「找家」〉一個科學博物館中，常設展才是主體，呈現的是館員的功力，特展是外面來的，呈現的是別人的策展能力。歷時五年用心籌畫「生物多樣性常設展廳」更新，規劃全新4樓展區 找家HOMING：回到人與萬物共存的希望星球 。希望讀者可以常常蒞臨觀賞體驗由四個展區組成的《找家》常設展。 總召編輯委員 - 李旺龍 關於本刊 出版單位：國立臺灣科學教育館 發行人：劉火欽 總召集人：李旺龍 編輯委員： 物理科吳仲卿/余進忠/戴明鳳/朱慶琪 | 化學科古建國/王伯昌/林如章/周金城/黃琴扉 | 生物科王美芬/蕭世輝/張育傑/辛懷梓/郭淑妙 | 地球科學許民陽/王郁軒/謝隆欽/盧孟明 科技科張玉山/汪殿杰/林育沖/徐新逸 | 數學科李源順/游森棚/嚴志弘/高欣欣 | 跨領域學科李名揚/劉淑雯/吳嫻/李芝瑜 | 特約專欄 游森棚/黃琴扉/陳正改/劉淑雯 策劃：李耕雲 主編：吳中益 本月專題特約主編：王美芬 編輯：佟冠誼/林博雅 網頁設計編輯：施曉恬/程語涵 投稿規範請來信詢問：article@mail.ntsec.gov.tw

本研究首度發現人類肺癌A549細胞會促進其所浸潤的樹突細胞分泌Resistin，而更深入地探究獲悉Resistin會透過活化WHSC1/Twist途徑促進肺癌A549細胞惡化，此惡化過程包括誘導癌細胞上皮間質轉化(epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; EMT)及提升癌細胞的移行(migration)和入侵(invasion)能力。為確認Resistin在臨床的重要性，透過肺癌病患檢體分析發現，相較於健康捐贈者，肺癌病人的血清可測的較高濃度的Resistin；更甚之，比較非腫瘤組織部位之CD11c+樹突細胞，浸潤於腫瘤組織部位之CD11c+樹突細胞會呈現高量的Resistin。接續探討Resistin對肺癌細胞的影響機制，實驗結果發現Resistin會增加A549細胞表現histone methyltransferase WHSC1的表現，而WHSC1在Twist啟動子的H3組蛋白lysine 36位置進行dimethylation修飾，並降低H3組蛋白lysine 27位置的trimethylation進而促進Twist的表現，促使A549細胞進行EMT和增加癌細胞移行和入侵。因此，Resistin可作為肺癌診斷分子及藥物發展的重要標靶。