The purpose of Computer Vision is to understand the methods by which humans\r process visual information and likewise to create computer algorithms similar to these\r processes. Through careful observation, a computer algorithm was developed to mimic\r how humans recognize logos in television commercials. After visual analysis of\r numerous commercial sequences, it was hypothesized that the key frames (frames in\r which the logo resides) could be found using the intersection of color histograms; the\r logo region could be found using the edge density within the key frames; and the logo\r could be identified utilizing a correlation method with a database of stored logos, scaled\r to different levels using Bilinear Interpolation.\r Color histograms were implemented using one-dimensional arrays with 24 bins;\r key frames were determined by calculating the intersection between consecutive frames’\r color histograms. The edge density was calculated by convolving the key frame with\r the number of edge pixels within a 21X21 area. The identification of the logo was\r determined by computing the Sum of Square Differences between the logo region and\r the database of logos on different scales; SSD values were normalized for different\r scales.\r The algorithm was tested on 14 different sequences and determined the key frame\r with 80% accuracy. By segmenting the sequence into two key frames, the algorithm\r generated 93% accuracy. The algorithm also identified the logo region with 93%\r accuracy. The identification of the logo yielded anomalous results. These data suggest\r that motion between consecutive frames in commercial segments decreases around the\r display of the logo. They also suggest that the logo region has the most visible edges\r within the key frame.\r Future study includes a complete overhaul of the logo recognition algorithm. The\r correlation algorithm (SSD) does not work accurately enough to be used. Therefore, the\r next step is possibly to look at the edge information about the key frames. As the Canny\r algorithm determines the edges of an image, it has to determine the direction (or\r orientation) of the edges. Therefore, a proposed study includes utilizing an edge\r orientation histogram of the database of the logos and the key frames. This would mean\r that the algorithm would identify the logo in the key frames by matching edge\r orientation histograms.

In recent years, sandstorms have seriously attacked Taiwan day by day. Combining with the observations of Central Weather Bureau and the satellite images of NASA, the study has been collected the data of suspension grain in decades. And the study hopes the sandstorms’ information could be observed in early period. Still it hopes to find out the possible transmission paths in the atmosphere. Then we know how to cope with sandstorms in early time. Sandstorms attack Taiwan frequently in spring, the end of the autumn and the beginning of the winter. Compared with the charts of sandstorms and the satellite images, we could broadly aware that the moving paths of sandstorms are related to the currents and the characteristics of the atmosphere. When El Nino happens, the times of sandstorms attacking Taiwan decrease, and that increase when La Lina happens. According to the results of spectrum analysis, there might be high peaks of a year and six months short period varieties. And low peaks of 2.2 years and 7 months period, tell us that the short period aerosol varieties should be relative with season changes, the long period aerosol varieties may be relative with the El Nino and La Lina period. 近年來，大陸沙塵暴侵襲台灣的情況日趨嚴重影響。本研究中收集了近十年來懸浮顆粒資料，配合環保署空氣品質監測站、中央氣象局所觀測的資料與美國太空總署的衛星影像資料及NASA航空資源實驗室的氣流軌跡回推圖，希望能夠在早期觀測時發現大陸地區沙塵暴訊息，和沙塵暴所帶至大氣中的懸浮顆粒可能傳輸路徑。發生沙塵暴侵臺事件的季節，主要在春季及秋冬兩季交替期間發生的次數為最多。由地面天氣圖表、氣流軌跡回推圖及美國太空總署的衛星影像進行綜合比對之後，可大致瞭解大陸沙塵可能的移動路徑與大氣環流特徵有關。 聖嬰現象（El Nino）發生時，侵襲臺灣的沙塵暴次數會減少。在「反聖嬰現象」（La Lina）發生時，侵襲臺灣的次數相對增加。經由頻譜分析中得知，懸浮顆粒高峰期的變化有1年期及6個月變化趨勢，懸浮顆粒低峰期的週期變化有2.2年與7個月的變化趨勢，顯示短週期大氣懸浮顆粒變化應與季節變化有關，長期性變化或許與聖嬰反聖嬰週期有關連。

在上學期高二數學第三冊中提到球面幾何性質與圓周的幾何性質可以類比， 如圓幕定理與球幕定理、過圓或球外一點求切線段長的公式等， 之前也學過空間的圖形如四面體(三角錐)、球等； 因此我們想： 三角錐的幾何性質與三角形的幾何性質應該也可以類比才對。讀了老師提供的波利亞(G.Polya )著的《數學與猜想》(Mathematics and Plausible Reasoning )一書，裡面說道：在平面上， 至少要三條直線才能圍成有限的圖形－－三角形； 而在空間中， 至少要四個平面才能圍成有限的區域－－三角錐。就兩者以數目最少的簡單分界為元素所圍成這一點來說， 三角形與平面的關係同三角錐與空間的關係是一樣的。使我們更加確定自己的推論，由此展開了漫長的研究路程。

Sine bar is precise measuring angular tool with gage blocks.Basica1 旬, to get height we calculates with H=L×sinOto assemble gage blocks.It is inconvenient to assemble gage blocks and maintain after we measured when wanting to get different dimensions. In out wOItwe have fabricated rap1d positioning sine bar by combining micrometer and sine bar.The purposes ofthis research are producing dimensions accurately and rapidly.Thus,it won't have errors when workp1eces are mached and measured. 正弦桿是測量角度的精密量具，基本上，正弦桿需跟塊規組合使用，再利用Ｈ＝Ｌ Ｓｉｎθ 算出需組合之高度，在算出需用何種尺寸之塊規需用幾塊，但如果遇到多種不同高度時，則需要更換不同尺寸之塊規，塊規在每次使用時都需清潔乾淨，十分的不方便，在此我們利用測微器，與正弦桿結合，捨去塊規，研製出快速定位正弦桿。此一設計主要包含有原本的正弦桿，一支測微器，結合成新的正弦桿，本正弦桿主要的特性是，在每一種高度算出後，即可利用正弦桿上的測微器直接旋轉到需要之高 度，且轉到需要之高度後可將測微器固定讓測微器不再旋轉，且兩者是一體的，不會出現測量或是加工時，正弦桿移動之現象，使用中也不會去觸摸到測微器之測頭而產生了熱脹冷縮之誤差發生，達到快速定位之需求。

在遞迴式an+2＝|an+1|－an中簡單的代入幾個值，發現有九個一循環的現象。在一番巧思之下，我們先證明：函數f1(x)分別為1及-1、f2(x)＝x，且fn+2(x)＝|fn+1(x)|－fn(x), ?n?N， f5(x)與f6(x)圖形對稱於x＝1/2，進一步證得遞迴式循環，再將初始值伸縮至a1, a2為任意實數值。解法固然令人拍案叫絕，但令我們深深著迷，決定投入大量心血在此研究的原因，乃是遞迴式an+2＝β|an+1|-an，當0＜β＜1時，點(an, an+1)構成遞迴圖形的種種現象。 我們大量使用了函數及圖形分析的方法，定義函數fβ(cosθ, sinθ)＝(sinθ, β|sinθ|-cosθ)，發現f (n)β皆為 ?連續函數；?一對一；?(cosθ, sinθ)逆時針旋轉時f (n)β(cosθ, sinθ)同樣逆時針旋轉。藉由上述的性質推得遞迴圖形?在角度上稠密；?形狀與初始值無關；?初始值的改變產生相似的遞迴圖形。 在研究過程中，發現β＝0.86的遞迴圖形有別於其他β值，有待未來，我們四人能一窺遞迴圖形的終極密碼。

我們的研究工作有兩項重要成果：首先，根據物理學的彈性體振動模型發現：主動脈硬化的定量分析訊息可由測量主動脈相對於心臟運動的延遲時間明確得知，而且可用目前臨床使用中的心臟超音波儀器直接進行此一測量。在對23 個樣品、每個樣品分析大約50至100 次心跳的初步研究中發現，此一延遲時間是確實存在的，而且延遲時間超過大約0.17秒時，樣品就可能具有動脈硬化的現象。其次，在比照過10 組樣品的數據後發現，上述之延遲時間確定可由體外的胸前超音波掃描（TTE）準確測得，而不需要採用侵入式的經食道超音波掃描（TEE），以免除受測者的不適，及避免副作用的風險，使得此一新方法更具有方便、普遍的優點。而且此一方法也可能由數據的分佈發覺心血管之其他病徵。未來仍需應用此一方法對較多樣品進行研究以進一步確定此診斷方法之可靠性。 Two important results were achieved in this research. Firstly, according to the physical model of elastic oscillation, we found that the qualitative analysis of aorta stiffness could be obtained by a measurement of the delay time of the aorta motion relative to the cardiac motion. This measurement could be carried out with the conventional echocardiography. A preliminary analysis based on 23 samples, with 50 to 100 heartbeats per sample, confirmed the existence of this delay time. Also, a delay time of greater than 0.17 sec might imply the symptom of aorta stiffness. Secondary, after a comparison of 10 samples, the aforementioned delay time could be measured with TaransThoracic Echo (TTE) instead of TransEsophadeal Echo (TEE), in which the later is invasive while the former is not. Therefore, the discomfort of the patient and the risk of invasive operation can be avoided, making this new method more convenient and more common to accomplish. This method could also clearly discern some abnormal cardiac performance. A large-scale study with this method should be conducted in the future.

磁浮隔空旋轉器是由一個旋轉軸和底座構成，利用兩者間相互排斥的磁力， 產生隔空漂浮的效果。本研究首先對旋轉軸的結構加以分析，並設計啟動裝置， 探討啟動電壓、旋轉軸重量及底座磁力等因素對漂浮轉動的影響。 我們分析維持旋轉平衡的各種作用力，並探討旋轉軸重心位置與摩擦力的關 係，以驗證我們的分析結果。此外，我們也利用自行設計的啟動裝置，提供穩定 的初始轉速，探討旋轉軸重心位置不同時，持續轉動時間的變化，進一步驗證所 做的分析。 為了瞭解磁場在旋轉軸漂浮過程中發生的變化，我們設計了支架把空間座標 化，再以高斯計測量出各點的磁場，獲得各平面的磁場強度分佈圖。配合磁力線 分佈圖與所測得的磁場強度分佈圖，我們以一個嶄新的分析模式，將抽象的磁場 概念具體化，使我們對旋轉軸放置前後及磁力與重力平衡時的磁場變化，更深入 的了解，同時也發現磁場強度會隨距離的增加而減弱。 最後我們在旋轉器上裝置感應線圈，經由旋轉實驗測得感應電壓的存在，證 明旋轉器轉動時，磁場會產生變化。 經由對磁浮隔空旋轉器的探討，我們得以了解它的漂浮原理、磁力與摩擦力 間的平衡關係，以及旋轉前後磁場變化。The Magnetic Floating Spinner(MFS) is composed of one spinner with a magnetic base. The floating effect of the spinner is caused by the interaction between the two opposite magnetic fields. We first analyzed the detail structure of the MFS, and then designed a starter to rotate it. Later, we studied the effect of starting electric potential, the weight of the spinner and the magnetic force of the base on the floating movement. We presented an explanation for the forces that maintained the floating of the spinner and, to support that, we studied the friction force with the position change of the spinner gravity centre. We also used the starter designed by us to provide a stable initial rotating force and analyzed the relationship between the change of gravity centre position and the duration of rotation. In order to understand the magnetic field change during floating movement, we designed a spatial frame to coordinate the spinner that floated above the base. We measured the surrounding magnetic force with the Goth’s apparatus and conducted a magnetic force distribution diagram. According to this diagram and the line of magnetic force, we therefore provide a brand new analysis model , which bring the abstract concepts of the magnetic field into a concrete theory. This research not only brings us to understand the magnetic field change of the spinner before and after its placement over the base and the balance between the magnetic and the gravity force, but also reveals that the magnetic force will wane with the increase of distance. Finally, we placed an induction coil by the spinner to detect a voltage change during spinner movement. This is an evidence that the magnetic field will change during the spinner movement. Through the study of MFS, we can now understand why it floats, the balance between magnetic and friction force, and the change of the magnetic force before and after the spinner movement. MFS = Magnetic Floating Spinner

Beings inherit various morphs and natural ability properties from their genetic parents to adapt to the environment and survive; Precis iphita iphita , for instance, is a best example of it. Although few literatures on Precis iphita iphita is found, through long-term field observation on the food intake, nest building, avoiding predator of immature stage, and living domain, the oviposition, plant preference of the adult, different stages of morphs and changes of behavior can be classified obviously when there are environmental or weather changes. The above can help investigate how they interact and influence with plants. This study aims to record and describe various behaviors and surrounding changes for Precis iphita iphita. 生物為適應環境求取生存，從親代遺傳許多形態、本能；黑擬蛺蝶（Precis iphita iphita） 的生活史就是個很好的例子。雖然文獻報告對黑擬蛺蝶的形態與行為描述不多，但藉由野外 長期實地觀察幼蟲的攝食、築巢、躲避天敵，以及成蝶的領域、產卵、食草選擇，可明顯區 分當環境、氣候產生變化時，黑擬蛺蝶不同蟲期的蟲體都有許多外在行為的改變，可作為探 討其與植物間的交互作用和影響。本研究旨在描述黑擬蛺蝶各種不同的行為與當時環境的狀 態，並將實際觀察所得詳實記載，以供他人比較參考。

NO.58-02 2019 APR | 科學研習期刊目錄 本期專題 化學元素週期表年特輯 2019年國際元素週期表年活動簡介 | 邱美虹 環島、巡迴、國際元素週期表年 | 王伯昌、高憲章 穿越150年淺談金屬元素 | 古建國 教學現場 實踐國中卓越科學情境體驗報導 | 廖純英 週期表元素命名探趣 | 王宸瑋 、程長遠 簡易原子堆積趣味玩具 | 許良榮 科學新知 稀土元素及其在染料敏化太陽能電池之應用 | 李權倍 從化學的材料本質思考循環經濟 | 陳立基 特約專欄 森棚教官的數學題-七邊型之謎 | 游森棚 帶得走的STEAM課程設計-流籠運水 | 黃琴扉 STEM領域女力崛起--讀出女孩超能力 | 劉淑雯 總召集人的話 19世紀出生在俄國西伯利亞的門得列夫(Dmitri Mendeleev, 1834-1907)，發現了化學元素的週期性，他依照原子量製作出深具解釋力和預測力的元素週期表。這張在1869年發表的元素週期表到今(2019)年正好150周年，因而聯合國公布今年為「國際元素週期表年」(International Year of Chemical Elements of Periodic Table, IYPT)，國際和國內有許多的慶祝活動。本期特別以「化學元素週期表年」為專題。 「本期專題」單元共有三篇文章，〈2019年國際元素週期表年活動簡介〉一文介紹國際和臺灣的IYPT活動。〈環島、巡迴、國際元素週期表年〉一文介紹和臺灣的組織「中國化學會」關係密切的IYPT 2019相關活動，這些活動都可由化學會所建立的網站平台找到。〈穿越150年淺談金屬元素〉一文，介紹1870年代先後出版的《化學初階（第一至四卷）》和《化學鑑原補編》兩本中文無機化學書中，所提到金屬和部分金屬元素與現行國中自然科相關內容之對照。 「教學現場」單元刊登三篇文章，〈實踐國中卓越科學情境體驗報導〉一文分享臺北市實踐國中透過「週期表的奇幻世界」系列教學活動，開啟全校師生對科學家門得列夫的崇敬與週期表相關知識之理解的經驗。〈週期表元素命名探趣〉一文介紹週期表裡較為少見之元素的命名典故和背後的故事。〈簡易原子堆積趣味玩具〉一文介紹利用簡易器材製作Atomix (意指原子的混合)模型以及在教學上的運用。 「科學新知」單元刊登兩篇文章。〈稀土元素及其在染料敏化太陽能電池之應用〉一文介紹稀土元素、稀土元素之應用背景、太陽能電池背景及染料敏化太陽能電池、和以稀土發光材料提升染料敏化光電極性能。〈從化學的材料本質思考循環經濟〉一文以聚氯乙烯(PVC)為參考案例，引導讀者思考「循環經濟」的核心價值，期產業發展與環保意識可取得平衡、協調共生。 本期「特約專欄」單元刊登三篇文章，〈森棚教官的數學題--七邊型之謎〉一文拋出正七邊形的頂點有五個紅點和兩個黑點，用紅點當頂點可以連成多少個等腰三角形的問題，供讀者自主探索或發想科展題目。〈運用STEAM概念發展「流籠運水創意課程」〉一文分享一個透過戶外的探究實作，讓學生在災害防救的模擬情境下進行流籠運水的STEAM創意實作課程之理念與經驗。〈STEM領域女力崛起--讀出女孩超能力〉一文則介紹從那些繪本可以讀出女性在STEM領域的力量，分就S、T、E和M四類各推介二至三本繪本。 總召編輯委員 - 李隆盛 關於本刊 出版單位：國立臺灣科學教育館 發行人：陳雪玉 總召集人：李隆盛 編輯委員： 物理科吳仲卿/陳耀榮/李柏翰/盧玉玲 | 化學科古建國/許良榮/王伯昌/林如章/周金城 | 生物科王美芬/蕭世輝/陳建志/郭淑妙 | 地球科學許民陽/王郁軒/李文禮 科技科張玉山/汪殿杰/林育沖/趙珩宇 | 數學科李源順/鄧家駿/溫世展/張宮明 | 跨領域學科李名揚/連信仲 | 特約專欄 游森棚/黃琴扉/劉淑雯 策劃：曾聰邦 主編：錢康偉 本月專題特約主編：古建國 編輯：吳郡怡 網頁設計編輯：施曉恬/陳璽君 投稿規範請來信詢問：article@mail.ntsec.gov.tw

Chemistry experiments in school produce an abundance of waste in both materials and equipment. Since hands-on experimentation is a critical pedagogical tool the trend in classroom experimentation is clearly towards environmentally friendly experiments that scale, but was also able to measure reaction rate in blue cupric sulfate solution using the color dissipation as a rate gauge. There was an evolution of apparatus and experiment design beginning with simple magnifying glass optics and advancing to a custom made, light-gathering microscope video apparatus that allows the experiment to be monitored and files recorded for later viewing. I was inspired by the Yin Yang Sea phenomenon in Taipei County. The Yin Yang Sea is a coastal area in Chinkuashih, Taipei County where coastal currents in the area lack the strength to disperse the heavy metal pollutants that empty into the Lientung Bay. The result is a contrast between the blue sea water and the turgid yellow ground water. This contrast led me to add an all-purpose indicator to the reactant solution. This deepens the visual effect of the electrolysis experiment. 我們從環境保護的角度去思考學校的化學實驗時，減量減廢的微型化學實驗已是未來實驗的趨勢。經過多年的努力，我除了成功的做到電解最微量的一滴溶液外，對於從藍色硫酸銅溶液顏色消失的電解時間裡，還可做定量的檢定感到不可思議！為了更清楚看到液滴溶液的電解反應，儀器的設計由放大鏡到自組顯微投影機，最後進階到顯微視訊的畫面，它不但可記錄下來，而且可在電腦中播放。為了更清楚看到液滴溶液的氧化還原反應和酸鹼變化，我想到了在北台灣的金瓜石海域一處特別的景觀，那就是離岸近海處有黃藍兩個不同顏色的陰陽海！於是我加了廣用指示劑到液滴中，由電解後出現的的陰陽海畫面，更可加深實驗的效果。 最重要的是：最環保也最接近零污染的顯微化學實驗，已然是未來可發展下去的目標。

The physiochemical properties of fullerenes have aroused wide interest, such as its ability to accept and lose electrons and relatively high reactivity that permit various modes of structural modifications. However, obstacles to further research include its complete lack of solubility in water and low processability.\r This project investigated the morphology and microstructure of a fullerene-grafted polymer as a potential candidate for better and novel systems for drug delivery. In this research, hydrophilic functionalities were introduced to the C60 fullerene by chemical modifications, through the attachment of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) chain. The objective was to investigate the dynamics and the self-assembly properties of this polymer in aqueous solutions, and the knowledge gained would enhance the development of such system for potential applications in drug delivery and nanotechnology.

The purpose of the research was to find out if Manuka oil (an oil with natural healing properties which is extracted from the NZ Manuka plant, Leptospermum scoparium) could be used to reduce the populations of bacteria and fungi that build up on chopping boards used in the kitchen for food preparation. If it were effective, then it would reduce the risks of microbial contamination of foods prepared using the boards.