DNA感測器近年來蓬勃發展,應用層面包括基因工程,醫學及藥物的開發等,然而目前較常使用的感測方法,需要繁瑣耗時的標定過程,且所使用的化學藥劑對環境容易造成傷害,鑒於以上方法的不完善處,我們決定設計一套新的感測系統,此研究結合了氮化鎵奈米線(GaN Nanowires)及延伸場效電晶體(EGFET)的優點,成功的發展出創新的DNA感測系統,氮化鎵奈米線的高生物匹配性及高感測面積,能有效提高靈敏度,延伸式場效電晶體的設計,史感測器具由免標定及時感測的特性,且易於組裝及操作,我們將探針DNA(probe DNA)修是在氮化鎵奈米線作為之延伸閘極上,由於DNA在中性水溶液中帶負電,且DNA之間具有強烈的互補特性,因此當目標DNA(target DNA)與探針DNA接合,形成雙股DNA,氮化鎵奈米線(閘極)的表面電位即會有所變化,並造成FET特性的改變,藉由此性質及能成功感測DNA,研究結果顯示,此研究所發展出的DNA感測器,愈有相當高的靈敏度(10-18),相較於其他以FET技術所設計出的DNA感測器,靈敏度提升了三個數量極,此外此感測器亦具有高選擇性,即使單一鹼基對的突變也能成功辨別;-hybridization based detection techniques are widely developed due to their promising applications in genetics, medicine and drug discovery. However, current DNA detection techniques based on labels or reagents are time-consuming, environmentally-harmful and complex to implement. In this study, we have successfully demonstrated a label-free extended-gate-field-effect-transistor (EGFET) sensor utilizing a GaN-nanowires electrode with DNA probes immobilized, capable of specific DNA sequence identification. The principle behind the design is based on the change in surface potential and charge transfer after hybridization. GaN nanowires, being bio-compatible, provide direct transfer path and high surface area, thus offer an unprecedented opportunity of DNA sensing with high sensitivity. In addition, our EGFET design facilitates easy assembly and operation of DNA detection. Comparative studies on complementary and non-complementary DNA were performed to verify the specificity of the sensor. By adapting GaN nanowires structure, the assay time of DNA was shorten to within thirty minutes. Moreover, our sensor displayed an ultra-high sensitivity in the level of attoM: three orders of magnitude higher in resolution than that of other FET-based DNA detection methods.

ELVES (Emissions of Light and VLF perturbation due to EMP Sources) is a transient luminous phenomenon of ionosphere induced by the electromagnetic pulse of lightning. In this report, we use the data of ISUAL science payload of FORMOSAT-2 to investigate the luminosities and the stepped-leader signals of the different kinds of ELVES.淘氣精靈全名Emissions of Light and VLF perturbation due to EMP Sources簡稱ELVES，為閃電的電磁脈衝波引發電離層短暫發光的現象，本研究是分析福爾摩沙衛星二號上科學酬載ISUAL的光度資料，以探討淘氣精靈類型與光度訊號強度以及閃電前導訊號的關係。

線蟲為植物發生病蟲害感染的病源之一，而台灣的松樹，目前正面臨著松材線蟲入侵的危機。從文獻的探討中，發現線蟲有其自然界的天敵 － 線蟲捕捉菌。本實驗著重在探討線蟲捕捉菌特殊的捕捉機制。當線蟲捕捉菌附近出現線蟲時，會展生誘引線蟲的物質，並設計了一步步的實驗，去探討此誘引物質的捕蟲效能及其成分。現在，已經發現此誘引物質為一揮發性氣體。往後將會設法增加其誘引氣體的產量，並使用氣相層析儀分析之。最後希望可以將此物質應用到微生物防治上，期望能解決台灣松樹被線蟲感染的問題。 In Taiwan, all of the pine trees have one common problem - nematodes, which causes diseases in plants. And this experiment focuses on the nematodes’ natural enemy - nematophagous fungi and its “peculiarly caused mechanism.” When nematodes appear near nematophagous fungi, the latter will produce some substance to tempt the former. To investigate this alluring substance, a series of experiments are done and systematic steps are taken. The first finding is that this substance is a volatility gas. Later in this research, measures will be taken to make “rematophagous fungi” produce more of this gas. And “gas chromatograph” will be used to analyze this gas in the future. Finally, the possibility of applying this substance to the defensive measure of microbiology will be discussed.

Nano-sized calcium phosphate was used in the synthesis of starch-based composite plastics to provide a cheap but sturdier biodegradable alternative to petroleum derived plastics used in film packaging. Nano-sized calcium phosphates were produced from the precipitation reaction of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate (Ca(NO3)2 ‧ 4H2O) and phosphoric acid (H3PO4). The nanoparticles were co-extruded and molded with thermoplastic starch (TPS) at ratios of 0%, 1%, and 5% by mass. Tensile strength and elongation percentage of the resultant composite plastics were tested in three replicates. The results show that there is a significant difference between the tensile strengths of the 0% and 5% calcium phosphate composites at a 5% level of significance. The trend between the composite’s tensile strength and percentage calcium phosphate follows a geometric progression, enabling a projection for the 10% nano-calcium phosphate to have a tensile strength of 10 MPa, the average tensile strength for low-density polyethylene (LDPE). This shows that it is feasible to synthesize a 10% nano-calcium phosphate-TPS plastic that can be a viable substitute for LDPE plastics in film packaging, paving the way for the commercialization of starch-based plastics. The use of biodegradable plastics with improved physical characteristics will lessen consumer dependence on petroleum derived plastics and solve the environmental issues brought about by the use of such plastics.

Background:\r Delivery of anticancer drugs in vivo can be achieved by using targetspecific\r drug carriers of various types – e.g. microspheres and liposomes –\r which can be applied intravenously, or subcutaneously via a hypodermal\r patch, etc. as appropriate to the type of drug carrier employed. Recently,\r interest has surged in the usage of amphiphilic polymeric micelles for this\r purpose, as they prove superior to other drug carriers in many ways. They\r have highly-hydrated hydrophilic shells, and hydrophobic cores wherein\r hydrophobic anticancer drugs such as adriamycin can be encapsulated\r during transport in the blood. Their main advantages include their\r smallness of size – enabling them to elude capture by the\r reticuloendothelial system (RES) – their stability in the bloodstream as\r shown in their low critical micelle concentration (CMC) values, their\r passive targeting of tumour sites via the enhanced permeability and\r retention (EPR) effect, and their ability to integrate an active targeting\r mechanism, e.g. antibody-antigen recognition, pH-sensitivity, etc.

牛樟芝(Antrodia cinnamomea)是台灣特有的原生藥用真菌，長期被民間認為具有治療癌症、腹瀉、高血壓或保肝的效果。本研究的目的是探討牛樟芝子實體乙醇萃取物對人類乳癌細胞的抑制效用，乳癌是全世界女性最常見的癌症之一，我們透過比較不同培養時期三個月(AC-3)、六個月(AC-6)及九個月(AC-9)子實體之化學指紋圖譜，並測試它們抑乳癌細胞活性之差異。結果顯示，培養三個月的牛樟芝子實體AC-3抽出成份對乳癌細胞的生長抑制作用最佳；而利用西方墨點法探討牛樟芝對細胞週期或凋亡相關蛋白質的變化，推測AC-3可影響乳癌細胞的細胞週期調控，並誘發細胞凋亡。未來我們將進一步深入研究牛樟芝子實體AC-3之抗癌作用機制，並研究對乳癌細胞轉移作用的影響，找出牛樟芝子實體中主要的抗乳癌活性成分。

Earthquakes are results of rapid sliding of two crystal blocks around fault inducing seismic motions. Huge disasters caused by large earthquakes as the Ji-Ji Earthquakes occurred on 21* September 1999 show importance of earthquakes forecast. In our country and foreign countries , there appeared not a small number of reports suggesting there are clear precursors of ground water and electro- magnetic changes amount other numerous phenomena. Recently there are reports that point out the possibilities to investigate slight motion of ground water near active faults using electro- magnetic instruments. In order to investigate the problem more in detail a simple laboratory experiment is designed to study the electric field induced by the simulated water flow. The electric field changes are compared with at without water flow. It is shown that there appeared electric potential changes of an order larger than measurement limits water motion during earthquakes occurrence process, and that monitoring the flow of ground water near active faults is useful method in the earthquake prediction.近年來科學家從事地震研究，發現地震前斷層附近地下水流以及電磁場會發生變化。但或因位置不確定，或因變化量甚小而不易量測。本研究真對上述地震預警中兩項重要的關鍵 - 水及電，嘗試製作電極，並利用室內模擬地下水流動而野外斷層的電位量測，檢測斷層活動期間電場的變化。其結果顯示，當地下水因地殼受擠壓而流動時，可明顯觀察到電場的變化。這表示借由本實驗測量地震前發生的電位變化，可監測地震前版塊應力的改變，進而提供地震可能發生的資訊。

NO.60-01 2021 FEB | 科學研習期刊目錄 本期專題 全國科學教具創意競賽 第三屆全國科學教具創意競賽推廣與省思 | 洪偉清 謎之費西納色彩與貝漢轉盤 | 戴明鳳、高嘉鄖、廖偉翔、葉唐迪、林家賢、李芳瑜、程安瑜、邱彩瑄、張又懿 Arduino色散、折射、全反射實驗創作過程分享 | 張敏娟、吳翼翀 聲波干涉-2020全國科學教具創意競賽 | 吳明德、王立文、陳林志傑 物理實作課程研發平台介紹 | 駱芳鈺 教學現場 創意動手做活動融入自然課程之實作 | 盧俊良 跨域學習探究實作課程之教材教法 | 謝甫宜 發電機教學模組用於探究與實作 | 吳明德、陳林志傑 科學新知 科學闖關的設計與實施 | 謝迺岳 融入文化資產的科普旅遊學習新願景-以屏東二峰圳水故事遊程為例 | 陳正治 北投貴子坑岩壁的形成機制和演進過程 | 陳正改 特約專欄 科學繪本的選用與教學應用 | 劉淑雯、黃明宏 STEAM創新教具設計與教學實踐-恐龍鎖 | 陳彥妃、李雅君、黃琴扉 森棚教官數學題-一點點畢式 | 游森棚 科普活動報導 透過議題式桌遊創造科學對話與互動－從0到100的實戰設計工坊 | 顏慈瑤、黃奕誠、鄭秉漢、蘇萬生、張俊彥 總召集人的話 二十年前國科會科教處的一個大眾科學教育政策的制定，讓許多第一線的老師在多年的計劃滋潤培育之下茁壯，也因此有許多科技部科普活動計畫在教育部108課綱探究與實作上面有許多的貢獻及參與；真該謝謝當初制定此重要政策的主事者，真是高瞻遠矚。 本期專題單元有五篇文章；有參加過全國教具創意競賽的師生一定會想知道當初舉辦的緣由、過程、轉折及成就，也會想知道參賽者投入造成的話題與契機，讓文章說給你知道。轉盤上的線條、段落位置、形貌、全黑區域；從轉動中挑戰人類的視覺反應，讓文章說給你知道。 教學現場單元共有三篇文章；、、；教學現場第一線教師們，將樂趣引入、結合時事、精緻化科普活動教材以及展現開發者的巧思自製教材，透過光學探究實作教材教具的開發來展現跨域學習的教材教法。 科學新知單元的三篇文章：資深老師在一文分享在規劃、設計、舉辦科學園遊會，鉅細靡遺的提醒注意問題；科學含量高的旅遊會有些許壓力，融入在地文化及故事的屏東二峰圳水故事遊程會是不錯的想法；看完會讓你想到貴子坑水土保持教學園區走走，感受岩壁的美麗與哀愁以及聽他述說台灣島的前世與今生。 特約專欄單元的三篇文章，如何透過實作教材開發，讓學生在原理釐清、動手組裝與拆解的過程，能綜整STEAM跨域自主學習，請看；你喜歡看繪本嗎?結合STEM的科學繪本對科學學習的吸引力及鏈結歸納、在選用資料及教學應用方面在文章中有詳細描述。除了畢氏定理還加了質數的限制，等你來挑戰及找尋規律。 科普活動報導單元以第一屆台灣科學節的活動為例，讓讀者知道從問卷調查到工作坊的實施進而設計出具可操作、有議題內容的桌遊。 總召編輯委員 - 李旺龍 關於本刊 出版單位：國立臺灣科學教育館 發行人：劉火欽 總召集人：李旺龍 編輯委員： 物理科吳仲卿/陳耀榮/李柏翰/盧玉玲 | 化學科古建國/許良榮/王伯昌/林如章/周金城 | 生物科王美芬/蕭世輝/陳建志/郭淑妙 | 地球科學許民陽/王郁軒/李文禮/謝隆欽 科技科張玉山/汪殿杰/林育沖/趙珩宇 | 數學科李源順/鄧家駿/溫世展/張宮明 | 跨領域學科李名揚/連信仲 | 特約專欄 游森棚/黃琴扉/陳正改/劉淑雯 策劃：曾聰邦 主編：吳中益 本月專題特約主編：吳仲卿 編輯：佟冠誼 網頁設計編輯：施曉恬 投稿規範請來信詢問：article@mail.ntsec.gov.tw

In recent years, the price of the oil keeps rising continuously. As a result, the prices of the commodities are rising, too. But what does this mean? This situation stands for the resources on are becoming more and more valuable. A few months ago, I read a Weekly Business Magazine and a Scientist Magazine. They both pointed out that the resources such as oil would disappear after fifty years, and that was a horrible phenomenon. Since almost everything in our modern lives are related to oil, like automobile, motorcycle and air plane. They all need oil for its ingredient. Even plastic bag plays a part in the products of it. I really cannot imagine what it would be like if we don’t have oil after fifty years. Owing to the green house effect is becoming more severe, there are many substitution resources found, such as hydraulic power, wind power and solar energy…etc. What we’re discussing in our topic is how to enhance the power of solar energy, because for now, we all know that the solar module is very expensive and it cost a great deal of money just only one square meter, but the price of module converted from sunlight or heat energy can’t be higher. Therefore, the work is mainly to design and carry out a solar max power point track. 近年來，油價不斷的上漲，連帶著民生的物價漲幅也是越來越可觀，但…這意味著什麼 呢??這所代表的是地球上的資源可以說是越來越珍貴了，前陣子曾經看過商業週刊、科學人 雜誌…他們紛紛所指石油這種能源可能在五十年後就消失殆盡，這個可是非常可怕的結果。 鑑於溫室效應愈趨嚴重，許多的替代能源紛紛出籠，像是風力、水力和太陽能等等。我們這 次的主題是在討論如何提高太陽能效率，現在的太陽能模組我們都曉得非常的昂貴，但是由 太陽轉化成電能的效率卻是低的可以。所以本作品主要目的在於設計與實現一個太陽能最大 功率追蹤器。

本研究主要是以一連串的地震分析，來討論台灣地區地震能量的釋放型態。 首先是求出地震的活動參數，接著再繪製地震規模的年發生率，最後是推算台灣地區 地震能量釋放時前餘震與主震所占之比重。 在地震參數上，發現地震活動度較高的月份中，在該月都發生了芮氏規模六級以上的 大地震，因其餘震發生的頻率較小震頻繁，因此造成其a值較大。 在地震規模年發生率方面，我們繪製出圖表，而最後發現台灣地區的地震仍以小震多，另外大地震則有一定的週期。 在研究的最後，了解台灣地區的地震常數之後，本研究以ESRI公司的GIS軟體ArcView8.3版疊合各種圖層，分析人口密集區及水庫的地震危害度分析，提出地圖，對大台北地區，人口稠密的幾個行政區提出警訊；另外在水庫方面，本研究則對幾個在斷層線上的水庫提出警訊。 ;This research presents a series ofearthquake analyses to discuss earthquake’s energy release type. First, we evaluated earthquake’s constant and charted the percentage of earthquake measurement every year. Finally, count the after-shocks and the major earthquake measuring 6.0 and above on the ML happening in Taiwan area. Because the after-shock frequency is more than light earthquakes, as a result it causes the “a” enumeration is large. According to the percentage of earthquake measurement happening frequency every year, we illustrate a chart. Finally we find that in Taiwan area mirror earth-quakes account for a large percentage and major earthquakes happened regularly. When we realize the constant of earthquake, the study folds a variety of layers by using ArcView 8.3 edition of GIS (Geography Information System) of ESRI co., LTD, analyzing the density-populated areas and the dams for seismic hazard to export the map. We raise a warning for the greater Taipei where some districts are densely-populated, and we also warn the dams on the line of fault of large of damage.

本研究為首次由台灣本地作者進行的擬蠍研究，擬蠍歐美稱書蠍(Book scorpion)，在中國又稱偽蠍，屬蛛形綱的節肢動物，體型微小約2-5mm，台灣目前已知8屬10種，作者收集整理過去相關文獻，並對作者所採集到的加氏赭擬蠍Ochrochernes galatheae，長指地擬蠍Geogarypus longidigitatus，及緩步威擬蠍Withius piger進行描述、拍照與繪圖，並首次記錄大衛天牛(Batocera davidi)的鞘翅下的緩步威擬蠍與雙首冠擬蠍(Lophochernes bicarinatus)。另外還採集到1種暴擬蠍(Tyrannochthonius sp.)與1種小肉擬蠍(Microcreagris sp.)待後續研究。