在先備知識中，我們知道在缺少營養鹽及紫外線傷害下，浮游藻類的葉綠體會因為過氧化物（R.O.S.）的增加而受到破壞，進而影響光合作用的進行，甚至導致死亡。所以確實了解常見浮游藻類生理狀態和環境的影響，以期待未來可利用大幅度提高浮游藻類生產力的方式有效降低溫室效應的影響為本實驗的主要目的。故實驗設計針對兩種常見的海洋種浮游藻類（Tetra、Ske），在不同紫外線光譜（UVAB、UVC）的照射下，觀察R.O.S.的產生量和T-T dimer的表現狀況，並對照兩者之間的關係。結果我們發現：綠藻（Tetra）和矽藻（Ske）在UVAB、UVC 的照射下皆會產生R.O.S.，且綠藻產生的量較少；但在UVC 照射下皆有DNA 損傷（產生T-T dimer）。故推估並不是綠藻（Tetra）擁有紫外線的特殊防禦機制，而是能較有效地代謝R.O.S.。As we know, under the condition of unorganized salt’s shortage and the harm of the ultraviolet ray, the phytoplankton’s chloroplast will be destroyed because of the increasing peroxide (R.O.S.). Furthermore, the ultraviolet ray will have an effect on the process of photosynthesis, and even result in the death of phytoplankton. So, we intend to promote the production of phytoplankton in order to lower the influence of greenhouse effect by probing into the environmental influence on the physiology of phytoplankton. The experimental is designed to observe two common marine phytoplankton: Tetra and Ske. By close observing Tetra and Ske exposed to different wavelength of ultraviolet way (UVAB and UVC ), we contrast the production of R.O.S. with the appearing of T-T dimer. We observe that both Tetra and Ske will produce R.O.S. after being exposed to UVAB and UVC , but Tetra produce less than Ske, and that UVC will do harm to both the DNA of Tetra and Ske (producing T-T dimer). Based on the result of the experiment we estimate that Tetra can catobolize R.O.S. efficiently instead of having a unique defensive mechanism against ultraviolet ray (UVAB and UVC under discussion in this experiment.)

本研究之目的主要為調查臺北市內湖金面山區附近兩棲、爬行動物之物種概況，建立內湖地區的兩棲爬行動物基本生態資料庫，期望藉此研究可推行高中科學教育研究的基礎，並可充實自然生態保育與愛護鄉土心靈教育的實際教材。 調查研究工作是由2003年4月開始，至2004年5月為止，十四個月期間，總計85次的夜間野外觀察，已確認記錄兩棲爬行動物的種類共計有37種(分屬2綱3目13科24屬)，蛙類：4科13種，蜥蜴類：4科9種，蛇類：4科13種，龜鱉類1科2種。 各物種總出現隻次方面，蛙類以拉都希氏蛙的1547隻次為最多，最少的是長腳赤蛙及斯文豪氏赤蛙，僅6隻次。蜥蜴類以黃口攀蜥的1995隻次最多，最少的為麗紋石龍子，僅4隻次；蛇類及龜鱉類以龜殼花最多，共計85隻次，而以梭德氏游蛇、大頭蛇、白梅花蛇、赤背松柏根、南蛇、盲蛇、食蛇龜及材棺龜等均只有1隻次為最少。 出現頻度方面，十四個月份中，蛙類的拉都希氏蛙及古氏赤蛙皆有出現，在85次的調查期間，則是以拉都希氏蛙的97.65％為最高，最少的為長腳赤蛙，只有3.53％；蜥蜴類的黃口攀蜥於十四個月份皆有出現，而在85次的調查期間，則有75次、97.65％最高出現頻度，麗紋石龍子於14個月份及85次的調查，出現頻度均是最低，各是21.43％及3.53％；蛇類及龜鱉類物種中，以龜殼花14個月及61次的出現記錄為最高，出現頻度分別是100％及71.76％；而食蛇龜及材棺龜均只有出現一個月及一次，故其出現頻度為7.14％及1.18％。 分佈廣度而言，於二十二個調查樣區中，蛙類以拉都希氏蛙的95.45％為最大，最小的為長腳赤蛙及斯文豪氏赤蛙的18.18％；蜥蜴類以黃口攀蜥的100％為最大，，最小的是無疣蜥虎的9.09％；蛇類則以龜殼花的86.36％為最大；龜鱉類物種皆僅4.55％的分佈廣度。 各樣區出現物種數方面，蛙類以Ａ區的11種為最多，蜥蜴類以二期校區的7種為最多，蛇類是以ＡＢ區的9種為多；各樣區中，則是以ＡＢ區所發現的兩棲爬行動物物種數最多，合計共有22種物種。 由研究結果得知，調查樣區內的兩棲爬行動物物種歧異度大，其中蛙類的優勢物種為：拉都希氏蛙，蜥蜴的優勢物種為：黃口攀蜥，而龜殼花則為蛇類的優勢物種。而環境溫度的變化，與調查樣區內兩棲爬行動物出現活動的總物種數有顯著之相關性。 ;The goal of this research paper is mainly to investigate Taipei city, Neihu District, nearby Jin-Mian mountain’s amphibious and reptiles for the establishment of the lake area amphibious and reptile basic ecology information bank. It is hoped that this research will provide a foundation to further promulgate the high school science education and research, and may enrich the natural ecology protection and education materials for the loving care of local environment. The investigation started from April, 2003 to May, 2004, or for 14 months period and amounted to 85 times of field observations at night. It was confirmed that there were 37 species of amphibious and reptile ( 2 classes 3 aria 13 families 24genus),amphibious species: 4 families 13 species, lizard: 4 families 9 species, snake: 4 families 13 species, turtle: 1 family 2 species. In regard to the number of times of appearances, amphibious species of Rana latouchii had the most appearances with 1,547 times, and the least appearances was the Rana longicrus and the Rana swinhoana with only 6 times; for the lizards, Japalura polygonata xanthostoma had the most appearances with 1,995 times, and the least appearances was Eumeces elegans with only 4 times; for the snake and turtle, Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus had the most appearances with 85 times; for the Amphiesma sauteri sauteri, Boiga kraepelini, Lycodon ruhstrati ruhstrati, Oligodon formosanus, Ptyas mucosus, Ramphotyphlops braminus , Cistoclemmys flavomarginatn and Mauremys mutica , each had appeared only 1 time. On the appearance frequency, within the 14 months, amphibious species Rana latouchii and Rana kuhlii, Rana latouchii appreared 97.65%, the highest within the 85 investigations period, and the least was the Rana longicrus with only 3.53%; lizard Japalura polygonata xanthostoma had appeared within these 14 months, but in 85 investigations period, their frequency was 75 times, or 97.65% at the highest frequency. Eumeces elegans there upon within the 14 months and 85 investigations, had the lowest frequency each at 21.43% and 3.53%; for the snake and the turtle species, Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus within the 14 months and 61 appearances had the highest frequency record at 100% and 71.76%; but Cistoclemmys flavomarginata and Mauremys mutica only appeared once in a month and, therefore its frequency was at 7.14% and 1.18%. For the distribution breadth, in 22 investigation sample areas, amphibious species take Rana latouchii of the amphibious kind had the biggest record at 95.45%, and the smallest was Rana longicrus and Rana swinhoana at 18.18%; for the lizards, Japalura polygonata xanthostoma was 100% as the biggest, and the smallest was Hemidactylus bowringii at 9.09%; for the snake, the Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus was at 86.36% as the biggest; the turtle species had only 4.55% distribution breadths. For the number of appearance in each area, amphibious species in area A had the most with 11 species, lizard of second period school area had the most with 7 species, the snake of area AB had the most with 9 species. In all other areas, the amphibious reptile species number in area AB had the most with 22 kind of species. From the results of the research, the biodiversity of amphibious and reptile species within the investigation areas is very high, Rana latouchi is the codominant of Frog; Japalura polygonata xanthostoma is the codominant of Lizard, and Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus is the codominant of Snake.

In our daily life, objects and the contacts between objects they will have mutually affect each other, some initially chaotic systems after a sufficient amount of time will mutually correct each other, and finally achieve synchronization (example: the speed of bird and fish migration, market prices, infantry…), although some are unable to achieve this. We will illustrate and explain the synchronization system, its process and discover the conditions for synchronization. Using linking concepts, we will integrate the coupled map lattices with global coupling and coupled map lattices with intermediate-range models into a synchronization mode in order to simulate a synchronization system. We first used a small system of n≦50 to obtain results that will demonstrate the linking concepts: 1. The more chaotic a system, a longer period of time is required for synchronization. 2. An increase in the number of individual objects requires an increase in the range of concepts and the amount of time in order to achieve an in depth synchronization. 3. Initial concept values which randomly effect synchronization critical point conditions are not obvious in a mathematically incorrect graph. In a closer look, when we increased the synchronization to n≦400 and the number of times to t-->100,000 we discovered:1. Using the function G(x) we hoped the results from the graph after apply the function and correction able to overlap and test with “Scaling and Universality in Transition to Synchronous Chaos with Local-Global Interactions”, but the part which overlapped the measurements was not identical: 2. We can use the significance of the critical point and the Interactive Process to find the approximate value of the critical value up to 4 digits following the decimal point. 3. We can also use the approximate value to find out the range for the simultaneous conditions and the various points on the system itself, as well as obtain a negative correlation between them, and then it can be similarly expressed with using a curve. A computer can calculate values with this kind of enumerating method, even without any special resolution capabilities to quickly obtain large amounts of approximate values of simultaneous conditions, this is especially true when calculating unfamiliar systems. 日常生活中，物件與物件的接觸，彼此會互相影響，有些原本雜亂的系統再經過充裕時間的互相修正後，最後竟能達成同步(例如：鳥群、魚群遷徙的速度、市場價格、行軍步伐…)，有些則不能。因此，我們試著利用描述同步系統的模型，觀察系統同步的過程，並且找出同步的條件。由連結的觀點，我們將Coupled map lattices with global coupling 和Coupled map lattices with intermediate-range 模型的優點整合成Synchronization mode 去模擬同步系統。我們先用小系統(n≦50)得到能印證連結觀點的結果：(一)、系統越雜亂，就需要稍長的時間同步；(二)、個體數越多時，各點需要更大範圍的點數去影響於每單位時間內以及更深的影響才能同步；(三)、起始值隨機影響同步臨界條件並不明顯，在誤差範圍內。更進一步，我們將系統推向n≦400 點,t→100,000 次，我們發現：(一)、在”G(x)”我們希望能將圖形經過函數修正之後能疊和，驗證”Scaling and Universality In Transition to Synchronous Chaos with Local-Global Interactions ”中的結果，但只有部分疊和，尺度不相同；(二)、可以直接利用臨界點的意義用十分逼近法求出臨界值的近似值到小數後四位；(三)、我們用近似值也能發現同步條件與系統各點本身可跳躍的數值範圍是負相關，可用曲線去近似。這種窮舉方式，交由電腦運算，不需要特別的解析能力就能夠快速且大量求得同步條件的近似值，尤其在運算不熟悉的系統時。

二元根樹是資訊科學上最重要的結構之一，因此其結構的探討就很有價值。在這個研究中，我們探討二元根樹上反鏈(Antichain)，鏈(Chain),獨立集(Independent set)計數。在每一個子題之下，我們求出計算反鏈，鏈，獨立集的方法。之後我們求出極值(包括最大跟最小值)，並且討論該極值之下所有可能的樹形。此外，我們並討論要列出二元根樹上這些資料(反鏈，鏈，獨立集)所需的演算法。In this paper we enumerate the number of antichains, chains, and independent sets of a binary tree of size n. After that we focus on the extreme values (maximal/minimal). we calculate the extreme values and discuss the possible graphs of trees when achieving these extreme values. Moreover, we offer algorithms for listing all the objects in each extreme case.

我們的研究重心是設計簡便的裝置來檢測生活周邊的用水 · 利用生物對於環境污染的生理特徵、活動力、忍受極限 … 等變化，作觀察、實驗之後，將紀錄結果分析、做成表格，進而形成明確、簡易的指標，以供給一般人更容易的了解用水的品質。本實驗不必使用昂貴的儀器來檢測河水與用水，成本低廉的水生生物為本實驗的最佳選擇 · 可於任何地點完成，作為大及化的檢測方法，本實驗參考水樣急性檢測方法一水蚤靜水式，以水蚤在不同眾屬離子、酸鹼值溶液中的實驗結果，用以做為分析水質的標準，佐證我們生活圈附近的水質現況。Our point of study is design the simple and convenient device to measure the water with peripheral life. Utilize the living beings to the physiological characteristic , energy of the environmental pollution, stand limit. Wait for and change, after making observation , experiment. noting down the result will be analysed , make into the form , and then form the clear , simple and easy index , in order to supply common people with the quality of easier understanding water. This experiment needn’t use the expensive instrument to measure river and water . the best choice of the experiment that the cost is based on living beings cheap aquatically. Can finish in any place , as the popular detection method. This experiment consults the acute detection method of water sample — Water flea’s quiet ability of swimming. with the experimental result in different metal and ion sour soda value solution of water flea, use the standard taking making as water quality of analysis, prove the present situation of water quality of adjacent place of our life range.

古籍上記載山藥益肺氣，養肺陰，且最近研究報告發現山藥含有珍貴的dioscorin，其為山藥貯存養分的重要蛋白質，有抑制胰蛋白水解?之活性。而塵?糞便、屍體中的消化蛋白?會破壞呼吸道上皮細胞緊密連接處引起過敏氣喘反應。我對此甚感興趣，進而利用山藥的萃取蛋白dioscorin、塵?粗萃取蛋白及呼吸道上皮癌細胞A549，藉細胞培養、免疫螢光染色、螢光顯微攝影來實驗山藥是否真能保護上皮細胞緊密連接處。再利用膠體電泳、西方墨點法中抗體的高專一性、二抗的高靈敏度來確知我之前的實驗。另外也用ELISA 來實驗dioscorin或塵?引起A549 發炎的情況是如何。由實驗得知，dioscorin 可抑制及預防塵?引起的過敏氣喘反應；而經由ELISA 實驗發現，dioscorin 對於塵?刺激A549分泌發炎物質Eotaxin 並沒有助長或是降低的效果。It was believed that Chinese yam have benefits in treating asthma. Recently, it was found that the valuable dioscorin can be isolated from Chinese yam. The major function of dioscorin is nutrition-storage, however, it also have activities in inhibiting trypsin-like protease. This inhibitory activities trigger my interests. Because the major allergens, mites, and their stool may destroy the tight junctions of airway epithelium cells through their trypsin-protease activities. I therefore carry out an in vitro study to identify whether dioscorin can be used in protecting epithelium from the attack of mites. My results showed that dioscorin can protect the tight junctions of A549 cells from the attack of mite crude extract protein. I believed that dioscorin can be a good candidate in pharmacology application. The genetic and proteomic information are my further focus. On the other hand, we also investigated the possible activity of dioscorin in inhibiting mites-induced inflammation through using A549 as a model and employing ELISA. We found dioscorin neither inhibited nor enhanced the eotaxin being secreted from A549 under the stimulation of mites.

NO.57-07 2018 SEP | 科學研習期刊目錄 本期專題 科學遊戲大家談 科學遊戲「大家」談 | 許良榮 再生材料融入科學創客活動之教學經驗分享 | 許兆芳 從童玩談自造科技 | 王德麟 靜電遊戲 | 陳坤龍 在實驗小學玩科學遊戲 —以岳明國小為例 | 盧俊良 紙愛科學DIY | 謝迺岳 玩碳奈米材料遊戲 —以辦理國小奈米寒假營活動為例 | 林志明、李紫原、唐文華、張美玉 森棚教官的數學題 公園跑切線 | 游森棚 科學話題 日本風神居住地 - 鳥取沙丘 | 梁勝雄 科學讀書會 思考的演算：跟著電腦學思考，你也可以成為計算思考大師 | 白榮銓 總召集人的話 有「愛博士」（Dr. Love）美稱的美國南加大特教系已故教授 Leo Buscaglia（ 1924-1998）曾說：「很弔詭的是，許多教育人員和家長們仍然將學習時間和遊戲時間區分開來，而沒有看到它們之間的重要連結」。科學研習和遊戲該妥為連結。本期特別以「科學遊戲『大家』」談」為專題，請國立台中教育大學科學教育與應用學系許良榮教授擔任特約主編。 專題文章含專題導言共有七篇：「專題導言」〈科學遊戲『大家』」談〉從科學遊戲已受到國人關注但需以嚴謹的方法進行論述、討論或研究切入，並簡介其它六篇專題文章。〈再生材料融入科學創客活動之教學經驗分享〉一文透過教學實務案例，分享如何選取再生材料與活動引導歷程，讓學生從實作中累積經驗，應用科學知識解決問題。〈從童玩談自造科技〉一文借助軌道組和音樂鈴兩種自造科技，介紹其科學原理和科技與工藝概念。〈靜電遊戲〉一文透過五個實驗利用生活中簡單的道具製造不同的靜電效果，藉以說明靜電產生的原理及特性。〈在實驗小學玩科學遊戲—以岳明國小為例〉一文分享科學遊戲運用在實驗小學自然教學的經驗。〈紙愛科學DIY〉一文分享10 種（摺、撕、驗⋯⋯）紙的趣味教學。〈玩碳奈米材料遊戲─以辦理國小奈米寒假營活動為例〉一文介紹可帶領學童認識自然界中碳奈米現象，體現以玩碳奈米材料遊戲的教學模組。 「森棚教官的數學題」刊登〈公園跑切線〉一文，拋出在正三角形公園內的正三角形綠地外跑切線問題，供讀者自主探索或發想科展題目。「科學話題」單元刊登〈日本風神居住地─鳥取沙丘〉一文，介紹位在日本中國地區的鳥取縣一片廣大、狀似「沙漠」的地形景觀，是如何形成的？為什麼當地人一面保護這一片「沙漠」深怕它消失，一面又怕它擴大影響生活？ 十二年國教課綱中，資訊科技課程是以運算思維為主軸。但是，何謂運算思維？包含那些技能？如何應用來解決問題？本期「科學讀書會」導讀《思考的演算：跟著電腦學思考，你也可以成為計算思考大師》一書，該書搭配遊戲、謎題、魔術以及電腦科學家正在研究的真實難題，解釋何謂計算思考（即運算思維），以及相關的各種技巧。 此外，本期是本刊今（2018）年7 ∼ 8 月暑假期間休刊後的9 月復刊號，自本期起本刊僅有官網全本電子書及單篇 PDF 檔的美編版，不再印、寄紙本。 總召編輯委員 - 李隆盛 關於本刊 出版單位：國立臺灣科學教育館 發行人：陳雪玉 總召集人：李隆盛 編輯委員：古建國/全中平/李文獻/李旺龍/李源順/李進寶/林沛練/林坤誼/許良榮/蔣中柱/胡秀芳/陳正改/陳竹亭/陳玫良/楊水平/游森棚/謝隆欽/張子超 策劃：曾聰邦 主編：錢康偉 本月專題特約主編：許良榮 編輯：張志定/吳郡怡 網頁設計編輯：施曉恬/陳璽君 投稿規範請來信詢問：article@mail.ntsec.gov.tw

本研究（超音波霧化降溫研究）由二實驗組成。實驗一主要針對超音波霧化器（以下簡稱霧化器）之造霧性能進行探討；實驗二則為霧化器之降溫應用。實驗一以改良傳統造霧方式，進而維持最佳造霧效果為主。由於先前的霧化方式是直接放置霧化器於水面，致使最佳霧化水深因霧氣蒸散、水位下降而無法維持；所以在實驗一裡，我們針對霧化器的使用設計一套「漂浮造霧法」：本法運用浮體使霧化器懸於水面，和水面等起伏，使霧化器底部距水面高度不變，藉以維持最佳造霧水深、造霧效果。實驗二乃霧化降溫之探討。本實驗在相同的霧化量下，操縱風速和接觸表面積的差異；利用霧、氣接觸面積與蒸散速率呈正向關係的原理，找出最佳的降溫條件。同時，也期待在兼顧環保的前提下，將之應用於未來開放空間的降溫。The research（Heat Control by Supersonic Vaporization）includes two experiments. One is focused on atomized effect of Supersonic Vaporization（so-called Atomizer）; the other is about applying atomizer to temperature decrease. Exp.1 adapts formal way of atomization. Since previous way of atomization is to put atomizer directly on the water, making the change of atomizer’s distance from water as water evaporates, Exp.1 creates a way called “Floating”. In Floating, atomizer is suspended in a float; constantly keeps the bottom of atomizer from same distance from surface of water. Thus, no matter how much volume of water is evaporated, the best depth of water for atomization and also, the best atomized condition, could stay. Exp2 inquires in relation between atomization and temperature decrease. In Exp2, the atomized volume is fixed, while wind speed and air-contact area are mastered elements. By the theory that, “the wider contact area is, the more efficiently water evaporates,” we could manage out the best condition in temperature decrease. In that way, with the theory practiced, this research, considering environmental case, is supposed to be applied to open-air area one day.

特定基因的表現與不同氧自由基的產生，已知會影響細胞的生長和死亡。我\r 個人有興趣利用間質幹細胞體外培養擴充，以為筋骨組織再生的可能應用。因此\r 利用轉植(transfect)突變ras 基因(Glu61Leu)進入骨髓間質細胞株(HS-5 cells)，來\r 控制ras 基因表現的高低，進而研究這些間質細胞隨著Ras 蛋白質表現的高低，\r 對氧自由基引導細胞生長與死亡之影響。結果發現ras 基因高度表現的間質細胞\r 生長減緩；相較於原生株平均減少62.4%。進一步研究其生長減少是否與細胞凋\r 亡有關，發現ras 基因高度表現的間質細胞凋亡確實比原生株高22.6%。探究其\r 凋亡原因，發現與caspase-3 有關但和粒腺體功能無關：因為caspase-3 有活化，\r 但是以粒腺體膜電位螢光追蹤劑JC-1 測得的膜電位卻沒有改變。追蹤ras 基因高\r 度表現的間質細胞其細胞內氧自由基的產量，發現Ras 高度表現株其細胞內氧自\r 由基明顯增加。當細胞外加入超氧根轉化酵素(SOD, 500 U/ml)去清除超氧根時，\r 對Ras 高度表現細胞的凋亡沒有影響；但是外加觸化酵素(catalase, 500u/ml)於培\r 養液中，卻可以抑制ras 基因高度表現的間質細胞內caspase-3 活化和細胞凋亡；\r 並且增加細胞生長循環促進分子Cyclin D1 的表現。從這些研究我們歸結出兩點\r 重要新發現: 1) ras 基因突變造成Ras 高度表現時，會促成細胞內特定氧自由基產\r 生，使得細胞生長減緩並進行細胞凋亡，只有特定抗氧化酵素(catalase)才能恢復\r 其異常； 2) Ras 蛋白高度表現而引導氧自由基產生的細胞凋亡與caspase-3 活化\r 有關，但與粒腺體功能無關。根據這些發現，未來我們或許可以朝調節特定氧化\r 還原反應或使用caspase-3 抑制劑去調控間質幹細胞的生長，以供筋骨組織再生\r 的應用。Certain gene’s expression as well as different species of oxygen radicals can\r affect cell growth and apoptosis. We are interested in amplifying mesenchymal\r progenitor cells for the application of musculoskeletal tissue regeneration. Thus, we\r transfected a mutant ras gene (61Glu/Leu) to change Ras protein expression in the\r mesenchymal progenitor cell line (HS-5 cells) and studied how ras expressing levels\r influenced intracellular oxygen radicals, and its relationship to cell growth and\r apoptosis. Results showed that Ras over-expressing HS-5 cells grew slower than those\r with wild type ras HS-5 cells and revealed a higher apoptosis rate. The higher\r apoptosis in Ras over-expressing cells was not related to mitochondrial dysfunction\r since mitochondrial membrane potential was normal as determined by flow\r cytometric analysis of JC-1 fluorescent staining assay. The higher apoptosis was\r related to higher caspase-3 activation. Further studies showed that Ras\r over-expressing HS-5 cells revealed a higher production of intracellular oxygen\r radicals in comparison to those with wild type ras HS-5 cells. Addition of catalase\r (500 u/ml) but not superoxide dismutase (SOD; 500 u/ml) specifically revived the cell\r growth associated with increase of cyclin D1 expression, but decrease of apoptosis\r associated with lower caspase-3 activation. Results from these studies demonstrated\r two important findings: 1) the ras gene over-expressing in a ras-mutant HS-5 cell line\r triggers a higher production of intracellular oxygen radicals resulting in higher cell\r apoptosis; and 2) the higher oxygen radicals related cell apoptosis is mediated by\r caspase-3 but not mitochondrial dysfunction. Based on these findings, we may\r propose to regulate mesenchymal progenitor cell growth for musculoskeletal tissue\r regeneration via modulation of redox reactions or caspase-3 inhibitors in the future.

The research is about the optimal on parallel processing. Through boot disk – which will automatically finish booting configuration, .it is efficient and quick to build high performance PC clusters. The advantage of parallel computing could be applied to massive image processing. By sharing processing and breaking huge processing load into lots of pieces, we could get more efficient result. It is also possible to optimal parallel system through some special means such as dynamic configuration. Through the means, the system could distribute work loading itself. It could also adjust itself to get the highest performance and the most stable environment. 本研究之目的在於探討平行處理中的計算資源的最佳化，透過自動完成開機設定的Boot Disk 來有效快速建製出高效率的PC Clusters 環境，並透過動態配置與類神經網路的校調，使整體叢集的運算能自動調整至最佳化。平行處理優勢，可以應用在耗費極大量的運算資源的影像處理上。透過運算資源分享，可以以很高的效率將極為龐大的運算工作分散成許多較小的程序，使影像處理速度加快。經由平行演算法及實際應用的調整，可對已成形之平行系統作效能上的加強。使用類神經網路的方式訓練，使其系統能夠自我分配運算工作量，且隨著各平行化程式與各節點的不同，能自我校調至最佳化，達到高效率且穩定的運算環境。\r 本研究透過高效率且能自我調校的運算環境，可用於優化其本身結構，以達到\r 演化出更進一步系統，具有相當大的發展潛力。

This research is about two ponds in the Behu park’s and the Dahu park’s snail(Square Mystery Snail：Sinotaia quadrata) in Taipei city of Nei-hu District for research object, carry out the study of the following research proceed: 1.Discriminate the algae species that are growth on the snail shell and which is a kind of interaction with the snail; 2.The influence of the snail and algae with difference of temperature, salinity, pH value and dark ; 3. The factors affect algae growth on snail shell; 4.Use the variation of snail and algae to be a biological incator. The result manifestation: the algae that are growth on snail shell have two kinds, one is Oscillatoriaceae and the other is Cladophora sp. The interaction between algae and snail belong to communalism, but under the condition of lacking of food, the snail then will eat the Cladophora sp. which grow on the shell of other snails. The temperature adapts aspect, upper limit of the feat existence of the snail should be low in 28℃. When over than 28℃, Cladophora sp. as the most strong, Oscillatoriaceae is secondly, and the snail then is most poor. For the maximum tolerance of the salinity, the snail is about 4.38?, Oscillatoriaceae is about 5.00?, Cladophora sp. is then about 5.83?; Under the different salinity for the tolerance , the Cladophora sp. still the most strong, Oscillatoriaceae is secondly, and the snail then is most poor. Under the dark environment, the speed of Oscillatoriaceae begin to be bleaching is very fast than the Cladophora sp.. In the tolerance of pH value range: The snail is about pH=5～10, Oscillatoriaceae is about pH=7～8, Cladophora sp. is about pH=6～8; When the pH value range is in the pH=5～8, the speed of the Oscillatoriaceae occur changing is very fast than Cladophora sp.. The algae are growing on snail shell very different between two ponds, the main reason is water pH value dissimilarly: When pH value over than 8.5, there is no Cladophora sp. to grow on the snail shell, after the pH value to decrease, Oscillatoriaceae then will compare early than Cladophora sp. to grow on the snail shell. Calculate by the classification of the freshwater biological incator : Two organic pollution degree of the ponds may be lain in theβ-mesosaprobic to theα-mesosaprobic, and the polluting degree of the Dahu pond is more seriously. As for two ponds, have already faced what level of eutrophication? Belong to actually which stage of pollution grade? Not only added the classification data of floating and fixative algea in two ponds, and also according to the parts of chemistry analysis method measure of the data makes the substantial evidence, then could carry out the more accurate and thorough study in the days to come steadily studying process.本研究是以臺北市內湖區兩個綠地公園(碧湖公園與大湖公園)池塘內的石田螺(Sinotaia quadrata)為研究對象，進行以下研究目的之探討：1.鑑別石田螺螺殼上藻類的種類及其與石田螺的互動關係；2.溫度、鹽度、酸鹼值及黑暗等環境因子的差異，對石田螺及螺殼上附生藻類的影響；3.影響藻類附生於石田螺螺殼上的因素；4.將石田螺及螺殼上附生藻類的變化作為監測環境因子或水質變異的指標現象。結果顯示：附生於石田螺螺殼上的藻類有顫藻(Oscillatoriaceae)與剛毛藻(Cladophora sp.)兩類；與石田螺的互動關係應屬於片利共生(communalism)，但在缺乏食物的情況下，石田螺則會採食同伴殼上的剛毛藻。溫度適應方面，石田螺適宜生存的溫度上限應低於28℃，超過28℃水溫環境的耐受程度，是以剛毛藻為最強，其次是顫藻，而石田螺則為最差。對於環境鹽度最大耐受度方面：石田螺約為4.38?，顫藻約為5.00?，剛毛藻則約為5.83?；在不同鹽度環境下，鹽度的耐受程度，仍以剛毛藻為最強，其次是顫藻，而石田螺則是最差。在黑暗環境下，顫藻褪色產生白化現象的速度明顯地比剛毛藻要快了許多。在環境酸鹼值耐受的範圍方面：石田螺約在pH＝5～10 之間，顫藻約在pH＝7～8 之間，剛毛藻則約在pH＝6～8之間；而酸鹼值範圍在ｐＨ＝5～8 時，顫藻產生變化的速度明顯地比剛毛藻還要快。而兩樣區池塘水體酸鹼值的不同，應是造成石田螺螺殼藻類附生現象差異的主要原因：當酸鹼值超過8.5 時，螺殼上就無剛毛藻附生，當酸鹼值降下後，顫藻則會比剛毛藻早出現在螺殼上。藉由淡水生物指標的分類推測：兩樣區池塘水體有機污染程度，可能介於β-中腐水性(β-mesosaprobic,βm)至α-中腐水性(α-mesosaprobic,αm)的範圍之間，而Ｄ池塘受污染的程度應會比Ｂ池塘還要更嚴重些。至於兩樣區池塘水體，已面臨了何種優養化的程度？究竟是屬於哪一個階段的污染等級呢？除須補充水體中浮游性及附著性藻類分類的詳細觀察資料外，仍必須參照部分水質化學分析法所測得的數據作佐證，才能在日後持續地研究過程中進行更精確及深入的探討。

震盪反應有許多種反應類型，至今已被完整探討，但對於震盪反應之催化系統，卻鮮少有文獻提及，本研究小組偶然發現，醇類對於震盪反應具有明顯的催化作用，本文嘗試探討各級簡單的醇類對於震盪反應影響，並透過活化能的改變了解醇類在催化過程中所扮演的角色。The many types of BZ oscillation reaction have already been thoroughly discussed. However, little mention has been made in literature regarding the catalysis system of the reaction. The researchers have accidentally found that alcohols exert an obvious effect on the oscillation reaction. The study attempts to discuss the different influences that various kinds of alcohols have on the oscillation reaction and to understand the role alcohols play in the catalytic process through the change of activation energy.