本研究之目的主要為調查臺北市內湖金面山區附近兩棲、爬行動物之物種概況，建立內湖地區的兩棲爬行動物基本生態資料庫，期望藉此研究可推行高中科學教育研究的基礎，並可充實自然生態保育與愛護鄉土心靈教育的實際教材。 調查研究工作是由2003年4月開始，至2004年5月為止，十四個月期間，總計85次的夜間野外觀察，已確認記錄兩棲爬行動物的種類共計有37種(分屬2綱3目13科24屬)，蛙類：4科13種，蜥蜴類：4科9種，蛇類：4科13種，龜鱉類1科2種。 各物種總出現隻次方面，蛙類以拉都希氏蛙的1547隻次為最多，最少的是長腳赤蛙及斯文豪氏赤蛙，僅6隻次。蜥蜴類以黃口攀蜥的1995隻次最多，最少的為麗紋石龍子，僅4隻次；蛇類及龜鱉類以龜殼花最多，共計85隻次，而以梭德氏游蛇、大頭蛇、白梅花蛇、赤背松柏根、南蛇、盲蛇、食蛇龜及材棺龜等均只有1隻次為最少。 出現頻度方面，十四個月份中，蛙類的拉都希氏蛙及古氏赤蛙皆有出現，在85次的調查期間，則是以拉都希氏蛙的97.65％為最高，最少的為長腳赤蛙，只有3.53％；蜥蜴類的黃口攀蜥於十四個月份皆有出現，而在85次的調查期間，則有75次、97.65％最高出現頻度，麗紋石龍子於14個月份及85次的調查，出現頻度均是最低，各是21.43％及3.53％；蛇類及龜鱉類物種中，以龜殼花14個月及61次的出現記錄為最高，出現頻度分別是100％及71.76％；而食蛇龜及材棺龜均只有出現一個月及一次，故其出現頻度為7.14％及1.18％。 分佈廣度而言，於二十二個調查樣區中，蛙類以拉都希氏蛙的95.45％為最大，最小的為長腳赤蛙及斯文豪氏赤蛙的18.18％；蜥蜴類以黃口攀蜥的100％為最大，，最小的是無疣蜥虎的9.09％；蛇類則以龜殼花的86.36％為最大；龜鱉類物種皆僅4.55％的分佈廣度。 各樣區出現物種數方面，蛙類以Ａ區的11種為最多，蜥蜴類以二期校區的7種為最多，蛇類是以ＡＢ區的9種為多；各樣區中，則是以ＡＢ區所發現的兩棲爬行動物物種數最多，合計共有22種物種。 由研究結果得知，調查樣區內的兩棲爬行動物物種歧異度大，其中蛙類的優勢物種為：拉都希氏蛙，蜥蜴的優勢物種為：黃口攀蜥，而龜殼花則為蛇類的優勢物種。而環境溫度的變化，與調查樣區內兩棲爬行動物出現活動的總物種數有顯著之相關性。 ;The goal of this research paper is mainly to investigate Taipei city, Neihu District, nearby Jin-Mian mountain’s amphibious and reptiles for the establishment of the lake area amphibious and reptile basic ecology information bank. It is hoped that this research will provide a foundation to further promulgate the high school science education and research, and may enrich the natural ecology protection and education materials for the loving care of local environment. The investigation started from April, 2003 to May, 2004, or for 14 months period and amounted to 85 times of field observations at night. It was confirmed that there were 37 species of amphibious and reptile ( 2 classes 3 aria 13 families 24genus),amphibious species: 4 families 13 species, lizard: 4 families 9 species, snake: 4 families 13 species, turtle: 1 family 2 species. In regard to the number of times of appearances, amphibious species of Rana latouchii had the most appearances with 1,547 times, and the least appearances was the Rana longicrus and the Rana swinhoana with only 6 times; for the lizards, Japalura polygonata xanthostoma had the most appearances with 1,995 times, and the least appearances was Eumeces elegans with only 4 times; for the snake and turtle, Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus had the most appearances with 85 times; for the Amphiesma sauteri sauteri, Boiga kraepelini, Lycodon ruhstrati ruhstrati, Oligodon formosanus, Ptyas mucosus, Ramphotyphlops braminus , Cistoclemmys flavomarginatn and Mauremys mutica , each had appeared only 1 time. On the appearance frequency, within the 14 months, amphibious species Rana latouchii and Rana kuhlii, Rana latouchii appreared 97.65%, the highest within the 85 investigations period, and the least was the Rana longicrus with only 3.53%; lizard Japalura polygonata xanthostoma had appeared within these 14 months, but in 85 investigations period, their frequency was 75 times, or 97.65% at the highest frequency. Eumeces elegans there upon within the 14 months and 85 investigations, had the lowest frequency each at 21.43% and 3.53%; for the snake and the turtle species, Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus within the 14 months and 61 appearances had the highest frequency record at 100% and 71.76%; but Cistoclemmys flavomarginata and Mauremys mutica only appeared once in a month and, therefore its frequency was at 7.14% and 1.18%. For the distribution breadth, in 22 investigation sample areas, amphibious species take Rana latouchii of the amphibious kind had the biggest record at 95.45%, and the smallest was Rana longicrus and Rana swinhoana at 18.18%; for the lizards, Japalura polygonata xanthostoma was 100% as the biggest, and the smallest was Hemidactylus bowringii at 9.09%; for the snake, the Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus was at 86.36% as the biggest; the turtle species had only 4.55% distribution breadths. For the number of appearance in each area, amphibious species in area A had the most with 11 species, lizard of second period school area had the most with 7 species, the snake of area AB had the most with 9 species. In all other areas, the amphibious reptile species number in area AB had the most with 22 kind of species. From the results of the research, the biodiversity of amphibious and reptile species within the investigation areas is very high, Rana latouchi is the codominant of Frog; Japalura polygonata xanthostoma is the codominant of Lizard, and Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus is the codominant of Snake.

In our daily life, objects and the contacts between objects they will have mutually affect each other, some initially chaotic systems after a sufficient amount of time will mutually correct each other, and finally achieve synchronization (example: the speed of bird and fish migration, market prices, infantry…), although some are unable to achieve this. We will illustrate and explain the synchronization system, its process and discover the conditions for synchronization. Using linking concepts, we will integrate the coupled map lattices with global coupling and coupled map lattices with intermediate-range models into a synchronization mode in order to simulate a synchronization system. We first used a small system of n≦50 to obtain results that will demonstrate the linking concepts: 1. The more chaotic a system, a longer period of time is required for synchronization. 2. An increase in the number of individual objects requires an increase in the range of concepts and the amount of time in order to achieve an in depth synchronization. 3. Initial concept values which randomly effect synchronization critical point conditions are not obvious in a mathematically incorrect graph. In a closer look, when we increased the synchronization to n≦400 and the number of times to t-->100,000 we discovered:1. Using the function G(x) we hoped the results from the graph after apply the function and correction able to overlap and test with “Scaling and Universality in Transition to Synchronous Chaos with Local-Global Interactions”, but the part which overlapped the measurements was not identical: 2. We can use the significance of the critical point and the Interactive Process to find the approximate value of the critical value up to 4 digits following the decimal point. 3. We can also use the approximate value to find out the range for the simultaneous conditions and the various points on the system itself, as well as obtain a negative correlation between them, and then it can be similarly expressed with using a curve. A computer can calculate values with this kind of enumerating method, even without any special resolution capabilities to quickly obtain large amounts of approximate values of simultaneous conditions, this is especially true when calculating unfamiliar systems. 日常生活中，物件與物件的接觸，彼此會互相影響，有些原本雜亂的系統再經過充裕時間的互相修正後，最後竟能達成同步(例如：鳥群、魚群遷徙的速度、市場價格、行軍步伐…)，有些則不能。因此，我們試著利用描述同步系統的模型，觀察系統同步的過程，並且找出同步的條件。由連結的觀點，我們將Coupled map lattices with global coupling 和Coupled map lattices with intermediate-range 模型的優點整合成Synchronization mode 去模擬同步系統。我們先用小系統(n≦50)得到能印證連結觀點的結果：(一)、系統越雜亂，就需要稍長的時間同步；(二)、個體數越多時，各點需要更大範圍的點數去影響於每單位時間內以及更深的影響才能同步；(三)、起始值隨機影響同步臨界條件並不明顯，在誤差範圍內。更進一步，我們將系統推向n≦400 點,t→100,000 次，我們發現：(一)、在”G(x)”我們希望能將圖形經過函數修正之後能疊和，驗證”Scaling and Universality In Transition to Synchronous Chaos with Local-Global Interactions ”中的結果，但只有部分疊和，尺度不相同；(二)、可以直接利用臨界點的意義用十分逼近法求出臨界值的近似值到小數後四位；(三)、我們用近似值也能發現同步條件與系統各點本身可跳躍的數值範圍是負相關，可用曲線去近似。這種窮舉方式，交由電腦運算，不需要特別的解析能力就能夠快速且大量求得同步條件的近似值，尤其在運算不熟悉的系統時。

A program based on the simulated annealing (SA) algorithm was developed to allow for a longer-term prediction of the occurrence of solar flares, thus reducing the risks they may pose to astronauts, satellites, and ultimately the planet Earth. Sunspot data such as the solar cycle, the appearance of sunspots, the sun's magnetic field, the occurrence of solar flares and other factors that concern the sun were considered in the development of the algorithm. The program, coded in C++, included providing for an initial random state that pertained to the sun's state at a specified time. A neighborhood function was designed based on how sunspots are formed and how they disappear, and the probability function was designed using previous solar cycles to show relationships between the number of sunspots and the time it takes for the sun to reach solar maxima. Finally, the cooling function was designed as a representation of the time. Recorded sunspot counts obtained from the US National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) during the solar cycle 22 from 1986 to 1996 was used as test data. The output was compared to the actual recorded solar events or the period. The program was found to be 66.7% accurate in predicting solar flares when compared on a smoothed trendline, while it exhibited a 50.5% accuracy when comparing day-to-day data. Since solar flare acitivty is predicted in terms of the trend of activity and intensity, improving daily data accuracy is superfluous. Smoothed trendline prediction accuracy may however be improved by altering the importance of each factor in predicting solar flare activity and by devising a different sunspot classification scheme for intensity and activity.

由於蜘蛛絲複雜的分子結構及產生過程，長久以來一直被視為一個特殊的生物材料(高延展性，高韌性，和高強度)，此外，前人研究指出蜘蛛能自己調控絲的性質，並受到環境的影響。然而，大多數的研究多以結網性蜘蛛為主，只有極少數研究著重在探討非結網性蜘蛛，如:跳蛛。本研究中，以安德遜蠅虎為材料，分析跳蛛的跳躍行為，以及探討曳絲在跳躍過程時所造成的影響。我們初步的研究結果顯示: (一)曳絲在跳蛛跳躍過程中，對於安全降落扮演重要的角色，及(二)跳蛛會藉由改變身體的角度來維持身體的平衡。在跳躍過程中，蜘蛛的跳躍速度會因空氣阻力而減少，但是蜘蛛絲的彈性恢恢復力(根據虎克定律)會讓跳蛛跳躍速度更顯著的減少，並藉著身體的轉動與曳絲的作用達到身體平衡。對於一個非結網性蜘蛛是另外一個不可或缺的輔助工具。相對於其他跳躍動物，有絲的跳蛛具備另一項能減緩降落速度的工具以增加降落的安全性。

我們藉由電腦模擬來研究宇宙微波背景輻射中之Sunyaev-Zel’dovich 效應，以探討星系團及宇宙的一些根本性質。重要的發現有： 以上的結果，將可在短期的未來直接應用在許多期待中的觀測結果上，以揭開星團的總質量、質量密度、以及宇宙中的黑暗能量等神祕面紗。 We study the important properties of the galaxy clusters and our universe by using numerical simulations for the Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect in the Cosmic Microwave Background. We found that: These results can be applied to the observations in the near future, in order to reveal the total mass of clusters, their mass density profile, and the dark energy of our universe.

In this study, we try to know how ectopic eye genes: eyeless(ey), eye gone(eyg), twin of eyeless(toy), twin of eye gone(toe) act cooperatively, and look for some unknown genes which affect the function of eyg. First, through human trans gene screening, we find two human genes change the phenotype of ey>eyg into dorsal out-growth when they co-express with eyg (ey>eyg+X). It means the two genes may relate to cell proliferation. Second, by sequencing the insert genes of mutant fly which was found by EP screening, the result shows the site of the insertion is the same as effete (eff) gene. eff translated wrong proteins which differ from functional ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme may be the major cause of the mutant eye . 本研究係探討果蠅複眼異位基因eyeless(ey)、eye gone(eyg)、twin of eyeless(toy)、 twin of eye gone(toe)間的協同作用，並尋找與eyg 有交互作用的基因、突變株。藉由人類基因轉殖篩選，找到兩株人類基因轉殖株，當其與eyg 共同表現時(ey>eyg+X)，會改變ey>eyg 的複眼性狀，造成dorsal out-growth，顯示這兩個基因可能與細胞增生有關，此外，藉由EP screening 複眼發生突變的果蠅之UAS 下游基因經比對後，位置與effete（eff）部分契合，推測複眼發生突變的原因是eff 的功能發生異常，致使細胞內蛋白質代謝失常所致。

本研究利用波以耳定律為基礎，以理論計算推導的方式，模擬水氣壓計的操作模式，並 探討其校準模式與誤差來源。 以此設計出的水氣壓計有以下兩個特色： 1. 大氣壓力的變化與水氣壓計液面的變化為線性關係。 2. 可以得到比水銀氣壓計更佳的靈敏度。 而在水氣壓計的校準上分別探討了標準校準、壓力差校準、溫度校準與重力密度校準。 利用標準校準可以得到水氣壓計液面變化與大氣壓力變化的線性關係式。而溫度校準與密度 校準在儀器操作環境為定溫下則可併入標準校準。 This study based on Boyle's law imitates the operation model of water barometer and discusses its calibration and sources of error. The designed water barometer has two features: 1. The relationship between atmospheric pressure and the height changes of the surface of the water barometer is linear. 2. More sensitive than that of a mercury barometer. We also discuss standard calibration, pressure calibration, thermo calibration and gravidensity calibration. The linearity between atmospheric pressure and the height changes of the surface of the water barometer is known by standard calibration; thermo calibration and gravidensity calibration can be merged into standard calibration under constant temperature surroundings.

本實驗的觀測乃著重於觀測各定點之臭氧濃度與該地天氣因子；如溫度、相對溼度、氣壓、雲量、風速、日照強度等與之比較並控制所有可能的變因，來推測一地空氣污染的程度，並從中思考影響一地臭氧濃度變化的要素。 利用自製的熊本試紙來測量在對流層中臭氧的濃度，進而來推論出我們所設的測站附近的空氣污染程度。 由實驗了解臭氧濃度和其他天氣因子如溫度、相對溼度、風向、風速、日照強度、紫外線強度、工廠作息或交通流量等因素有著很微妙的關係。 最後，我們歸納出在做此實驗時所遇到的相關問題與解決方法。 This experimentation is about the ozone of troposphere. We try to find out how the weather elements affect the ozone consistency (for example: air temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, cloudage, wind speed, solar insolation), and to discover the relation between the ozone consistency and the air pollution. We use the test paper which is made by ourselves to measure the ozone consistency of troposphere, so that we con use the date to infer the air pollution level at the area where we conduct our tests. According to our experiment, we find out the ozone consistency and other weather elements (ex: air temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, cloudage, wind speed, solar insolation or traffic), have some delicate relations with each other. Finally, we conclude all the relative problems we face in this experiment and their solutions.

本研究報告以Brocard Point 為核心，所用到的性質均先證明，以確認其正確性，並推演出一些其他的性質，藉由這些性質導出幾何不等式。內容可概分為四部份：(1)以Brocard Angle 及已知的或推演出的基本性質，導出一些不等式。(2)結合「法格乃諾問題」、「費馬點」、「尤拉公式」導出幾個幾何不等式。尤其是三角形邊長與面積，外接、內切圓半徑與邊長間的不等關係，頗為有趣。(3)以向量為工具，分別計算內、重、垂心與Brocard Point 間的距離，並導出邊長的不等關係。其中由內心及重心所導出的不等式，清楚俐落；垂心所導出的不等式則較為複雜。(4)以Brocard Cirle 與內、重心間的關係，導出一系列的不等式。其中Weitgenberk 不等式的無意發現，令我們印象深刻。The Discovery of Geometry Inequalities by Brocard Point This paper takes Brocard Point as a core. We proved some properties about Brocard geometry to confirm its accuracy, and deduce some other properties, and then derive some geometry inequalities by these properties. The content may divide into four parts: a) Derives geometry inequality by Brocard Angle, Crux Mathematicorum and properties which known or deduced. b) Unifies "Fagnano problem", "Fermat Point", "Euler formula" to derive several geometry inequalities. In particular the inequalities between triangle area and length of side, or circumradius inradius and the length of side, is quite interesting. c) Derives geometry inequalities about length of sides in triangle by the distances between incenter centroid circumcenter and Brocard Point. Especially, these inequalities were elegant which derived by incenter and centroid, but it was complicated derived by orthocenter. d) According to the relation about incenter centroid and Brocard Circle derives a series of inequalities. Discover Weitgenberk inequality makes us excited.

本研究主要的目的是在開發二氧化碳製造、過濾與循環的整合型水族養殖系統。二氧化碳的產製是以基於發酵原理，並搭配具有純化二氧化碳作用的水濾裝置，發酵環境溫度以水族箱內的水來維持，循環過程中並搭配外部過濾器，所有容器均由保特瓶改裝完成，整合成一套價廉、環保且具有高效率的水族養殖系統。由實驗結果可得知，二砂糖發酵對於二氧化碳產生率而言，其最佳發酵環境溫度範圍25℃~35℃，一般水族箱的水溫即可保持在此一溫度範圍。過濾系統則使用光電比色計與一般市售過濾器相比較，亦有令人滿意的效果。本實驗除了研究以二砂糖發酵之外，還希望更進一步地朝向廚餘減量方面開發其他發酵材料，希望能為環保盡一份心力。;The purpose of this study is to develop an integrated system of aquatic breeding with the functions of producing carbon dioxide, filtering and circulating, where carbon dioxide is produced based on fermentative theorem and purified by the water filtering; the environmental temperature of fermentation is maintained by the water in the aquarium and circulating is through an external filter. All the containers are made of PET bottles and thus integrated a cheap, environmentally friendly and high efficient system of aquatic breeding. According to the experimental result, for the producing rate of carbon dioxide, the best fermentative temperature of NO.2 granulated sugar is 25℃~35℃. With a photocell colorimeter to compare the function of the self-made filter with that of the filters on the market, one can find it’s comparable. In addition to the fermentation of NO.2 granulated sugar, the study is also expected to develop other fermentative materials to reduce kitchen waste for environmental protection.

本研究是在探討收割後的綠竹筍(Bambusa oldhamii, green bamboo)的老化(aging)現象。一般人說的竹筍老了，通常是指竹筍的質地變硬，口感變差，此即是竹筍硬化的現象，而硬化的主因可能是竹筍受到逆境 (stress) 的刺激後，影響了基因表現的形態，導致纖維素和木質素的增加。竹筍採收後以不同方式處理，觀察切面的變化後發現，以0.2 M蔗糖水浸泡48小時後的竹筍，其切面比浸泡於水中或置於空氣中的竹筍切面較白，筍尖較綠且沒有枯萎的情況。不管是浸泡糖水、水或置於空氣中，都無法防止竹筍的硬化，但浸水和糖水可延緩竹筍硬化的情形，可見要防止竹筍老化，基本上要從抑制合成纖維素與木質素的酵素來著手。抽取竹筍切面處組織中的DNA並以DNA電泳分析之後發現，竹筍的DNA有被降解成小片段的現象，其大小差不多是180 bp的倍數，可見竹筍遇到逆境時也可能會有類似PCD (programmed cell death, 細胞程序性死亡) 的現象。抽取不同處理竹筍的蛋白質進行2D電泳，比較電泳結果發現，三種處理的竹筍的共同點在於減少的蛋白質幾乎都分布在等電點較低的部分。增加的蛋白質大多數分布在等電點較高的區域，這些增加的蛋白質可能和竹筍老現象與PCD有關。本研究還有兩個方向可以繼續延伸研究，第一個是將2D電泳上有明顯差異的蛋白質色點挖出，進行蛋白質定序，再從資料庫中比對，推測可能是何種蛋白質。第二個是研究抑制竹筍合成纖維素和木質素的?的方法，保持竹筍的口感，使竹筍能成為一種能外銷的食品。 The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the aging of the harvested green bamboo shoots. The research focused on how to prevent the aging of bamboo shoots and why green bamboo shoots become aging. The term “aging” means that the taste of bamboo shoots becomes hardness post harvest. At first, we tried to find out an anti-aging method, which is not only to keep the green bamboo shoots fresh, but also delicious. The method was to soak bamboo shoots in 0.2 M sucrose, in the water or without any treatment. After 48 hours, the cutting surfaces of bamboo shoots treated with sucrose were whiter, and their outer sheaths were greener than those of shoots soaked in the water or without treatment. The results showed that none of them can stop hardness. But the aging of sucrose- or water-treated shoots was retarded. The results suggest that inhibition of the enzyme activities involving cellulose and lignin synthesis may be required to prevent the aging of bamboo shoot post harvest. To get insight into the reason why bamboo shoots become hardness, the differences of protein patterns and DNA patterns between aging and fresh green bamboo shoots were analyzed and compared. The DNA from the bamboo tissues near cutting surface was isolated and analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The results showed that DNA from shoots was partially degraded. The fragments appear as a ladder of DNA with sizes in multiples of approximately 180 bp. The presence of the olignucleosome-size DNA fragments suggest that the cells may undergo programmed cell death (PCD). The degradation of DNA was not observed in shoots treated with sucrose. By comparing the results of 2-D gel electrophoresis, it was found that some proteins with low pI values decreased or disappeared post harvest, while proteins with increased levels were detected in the high pI area. These changes in these proteins may result in the aging of the bamboo shoots. Prevention of the aging of green bamboo shoots is not easy. However, I found out from this study that soaking the bamboo shoots in the 0.2 M sucrose was a possible way to preserve them. The cutting surface of sucrose-treated shoots remained white, and the sheaths of the shoots was greener than those treated with other methods. Moreover, the degradation of DNA was not observed. However, it still cannot completely stop the aging of bamboo shoots. Reducing the enzyme activities involving cellulose and lignin synthesis may be a direct way to prevent the aging of bamboo shoots. It seems like there are many things to discover in the future.

中文摘要：\r 化學實驗中，常常會使用到各種具有揮發性的有機溶劑，如醇類、酸類、醛類及酮類等。\r 當吸入過量的揮發性有機溶劑時，將會對人體造成嚴重的傷害，故使用時格外需要留意。有\r 鑑於此，我們開始著手研究如何偵測氣相中的有機氣體分子。\r 本研究中，我們利用聚苯胺薄膜吸附氣體分子的特性並結合對質量變化極靈敏的石英晶\r 體微天平，自行設計了一套簡單、藥品用量少且不需昂貴儀器的實驗系統。藉由此系統，我\r 們有效的針對各種揮發性有機溶劑進行偵測，並進一步地探討不同氣體分子對於聚苯胺薄膜\r 的吸附現象。\r \r 英文摘要：\r Students usually use volatile organic solvent in laboratorys such as alcohols, carboxylic acids,\r aldehydes, ketones, etc. It will injure our body when we breathe in too much volatile organic\r solvent. For this purpose, we begin to study how to detect volatile organic compound in air.\r In this work, we combine polyaniline membrane which can adsorb gas molecules and quartz\r crystal microbalance which is highly sensitive to mass changes to design a simple and inexpensive\r system which needs only little chemicals. With this system, we can effectively detect different\r volatile organic compounds. Furthermore, we can also study the adsorption of polyaniline\r membrance for different volatile organic compounds.