本研究是關於 nim 遊戲的兩種推廣（其中一種是一個稱為 the game of squayles 的遊戲的推廣），稱為 edge-removing game 和 star-removing game。此遊戲為兩人遊戲。在遊戲的一開始，有一個簡單圖 G。兩個玩家輪流刪除該圖的非空路徑或非空星子圖的邊。首先不能移動的一方輸掉遊戲。 在 edge-removing game 中，我成功計算出某些特殊圖的 Grundy numbers，並給出了一般 k 星的 Grundy numbers 上界。接著我定義了一種新的圖，稱為 nice graphs，並發現所有 nice graphs 都是 N-position。我由此給出了任意兩個非空圖的 join product 的解。至於圖的 Cartesian product，我給出了兩個滿足一定條件的非空圖的 Cartesian product 的解，並發現一個 fully nice graph 和任何至少有 2 個頂點的連通圖的 Cartesian product 也是 fully nice 的。使用這個性質，我給出了 r-dimensional grids 上的 edge-removing game 的解。 至於 star-removing game，我最大的突破是構思出對稱性這個概念。使用這個概念，我給出更一般化的結論，可以用來有效分析某些圖的 Cartesian product 上的的 star-removing game。使用這些結果，我給出了 r-dimensional grids 的解。

The emergence of antibacterial resistance has necessitated the development of alternative treatments, such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). AMPs are part of the innate immune systems of various organisms such as Momordica charantia L., a known medicinal plant in Southeast Asia. In this study, potential novel AMPs from M. charantia were derived in silico to provide prospective antibiotic alternatives using promising plant-based peptides. M. charantia protein sequences that were 500 amino acids long were digested using proteolytic enzymes, resulting in 3,621 peptides. Each resulting sequence was characterized as either AMP or Non-AMP using four statistical analysis tools, and those identified as AMPs were analyzed. This led to 102 AMPs, 53 of which were unregistered on the Data Repository for Antimicrobial Peptides, indicating that they have yet to be derived from other species. Six of the eight studied physicochemical properties show strong correlations with each other, suggesting that subsequent AMP design studies may focus on these six properties. As such, M. charantia may be a rich source of potential AMPs and, thereby, alternative antibiotics. The in vitro examination of these novel AMPs is also recommended to further understand their potential as alternative antibiotics sourced from locally available plants.

The surgical mask has been our daily companion since the outbreak of the Corona pandemic. The nonwovens (outer layers, not the filter membrane) from which the surgical mask is constructed consist of very long and thin polypropylene fibers. This leads to the question of whether microplastics are released during breathing through the surgical mask, which could enter the respiratory tract or the lungs. This would have a negative impact on our health, depending on the size of the detached fiber fragments - the smaller the worse because they can enter much deeper in our respiratory tract. In order to investigate the question of whether fiber fragments are released during breathing through a surgical mask, a filtration device was built. The filters were examined under an optical microscope after filtration. If fiber fragments would detach from the surgical mask, they would be found on the filter. Different surgical masks were tested, those that were not worn at all to surgical masks that were worn all day. It was found that fiber fragments were coming off the surgical masks. There were different fiber fragment types. Some fiber fragments were still undamaged (exhibited nice fractures), while others were frayed. Clump-like fragments occurred, but also smaller fine fiber fragments. All these different fiber fragments had a certain size, so that they could be called microplastics. The remarkable result of the whole study is that there is a direct correlation between the wearing time of the surgical mask and the number of detaching fiber fragments. In the case of the unworn surgical masks, 10 times fewer fiber fragments occurred during filtration than in the case of the surgical masks that were worn all day.

The main goal of this paper was a creation of musical score for the composition from the 18th century Domine ad Ad juvandum in A minor and C major composed by Šimon Brixi. Another goal was finding as much information as possible related to this composition and summarize everything possible that was written previously. Separate parts were transcribed into one partiture. Nevertheless there were difficulties like mistakes in sheet music (corrected according to harmony of other voices), missing beats (replaced by identical parts of score), differences in period station. Hard times also bring on differences of period notation. The resulting musical scores can be directly used for music production, which is schemed for the next year. The second part was researching new or never-published information related to these compositions. Here I describe Š. Brixi´s life. I managed to read out the cause of Šimon Brixi death in a chronicle, which was not in the publication I found. Brixi died of tuberculosis like his son. Transcriptors, J.V.Flaška and J.J.Hoffman, are also mentioned. Lastly the information about sheet music itself and its historical context were described. Another discovery was an identification of watermark on sheet music paper. Assuming the sheet music is truly transcribed in 1742 the Kolinec paper mill watermark on the sheet music paper is the oldest evidence of its use. In this paper I summarized the historical context of the baroque era including social life, art and culture.I mentioned the most important events that were crucial for historical development in Bohemia and especially in the Klatovy region. This context can be useful for today’s musicians who want to understand the historical background and express the composition with full respect to the time of its creation.

Low-field (LF) MRI scanners have the power to revolutionize medical imaging by provid- 27 ing a portable and cheaper alternative to high-field MRI scanners. However, such scanners are usu- 28 ally significantly noisier and lower quality than their high-field counterparts. This prevents them 29 from appealing to global markets. The aim of this paper is to improve the SNR and overall image quality of low-field MRI scans (called super-resolution) to improve diagnostic capability and, as a result, make it more accessible. To address this issue, we propose a Nested U-Net neural network architecture super-resolution algorithm that outperforms previously suggested super-resolution deep learning methods with an average PSNR of 78.83 ± 0.01 and SSIM of 0.9551 ± 0.01. Our ANOVA paired t-test and Post-Hoc Tukey test demonstrate significance with a p-value < 0.0001 and no other network demonstrating significance higher than 0.1. We tested our network on artificial noisy downsampled synthetic data from 1500 T1 weighted MRI images through the dataset called the T1- mix. Four board-certified radiologists scored 25 images (100 image ratings total) on the Likert scale (1-5) assessing overall image quality, anatomical structure, and diagnostic confidence across our architecture and other published works (SR DenseNet, Generator Block, SRCNN, etc.). Our algo- rithm outperformed all other works with the highest MOS, 4.4 ± 0.3. We also introduce a new type of loss function called natural log mean squared error (NLMSE), outperforming MSE, MAE, and MSLE on this specific SR task. Additionally, we ran inference on actual Hyperfine scan images with successful qualitative results using a Generator RRDB block. In conclusion, we present a more ac- curate deep learning method for single image super-resolution applied to low-field MRI via a 45 Nested U-Net architecture.

Improved methods of processing latex into rubber sheets will improve the incomes of small rubber producers. There are two ways in which latex can be processed into rubber sheets: fumigation and solar incubation. The fumigation method is expensive and produces pollution, but solar incubation can cause dark, sticky rubber sheets due to UV radiation, which reduces their value. A low-cost and environmentally-friendly solution to this problem was investigated here. A UV-protective roofing panel made using Nitrogen-doped Graphene Quantum Dots (NGQDs) was developed and tested. N-GQDs were made using the hydrothermal process for 2 and 4 hours (T2 and T4) and the solvothermal process for 4, 6, and 8 hours (TS4, TS6, and TS8). It was found that all types of N-GQDs absorbed light in the UV range, withT4 showing the greatest absorption. T4 had the greatest Fluorescent Intensity (FL) value, emitting blue light, while for the solvothermal method TS6 had the highest FL value, emitting red light. T4 and TS6 were chosen for further testing, and were applied to a clear roofing tile. After installing the roof on the chamber, the temperature inside was higher than outside. Then we measure the UV protection efficiency of the roof which was 93.27%. The average temperature was 45℃, which is the temperature for drying rubber sheets. Due to the roof’s capability to absorb UV radiation and heat the chamber, our N-GQDs roof has a great ability to produce higher-quality rubber sheets.

「少數決遊戲」就是針對N個玩家詢問一些只能回答是或否的問題，而問題回答不必符合實際狀況，由少數一方獲勝，這個部分的定義與少數派賽局（Minority Game）中的定義相同，不同處為獲勝者須進入下一輪的問題，直到剩下一位或兩位玩家為止，由剩下玩家獲得最後的N單位獎金，但所有人需償還原來遊戲開始時所付出1單位的代價。前作「詐欺遊戲之少數決」[1]即對該問題作詳細的探索，但僅限於一組結盟人數。本作品是將前作內的獲利期望值與演算法作進一步的發展討論，並對結盟人數超過必勝結盟人數時的期望值變化做討論，得到賽局理論中的「少數派博弈」類似的結論。本作品更進一步討論兩組結盟人數的結果與期望值，後續的變化有些類似賽局理論。

CanSat (a can-size satellite) flight data revealed the occurrence of high spin angular velocities along the vertical axis of a CanSat during a parachute descent phase. A novel aerodynamic stabilization system of deployable fins was designed to decrease angular velocity. Deployable fins were attached to servomotors (rotary actuators) to provide control authority during the CanSat descent phase. Deployable fins positions were calculated based on an onboard gyroscope data using a PID (proportional-integral-derivative controller) regulator and a moving-average filter. After the assembly and the initial testing, the system was flight-proven by dropping it from a drone with and without enabling the stabilization system

本研究探討腔體受聲音震動導致開口噴出氣流的現象。實驗以揚聲器播放聲音，使固定於其上的剛體錐形瓶共振，揚聲器與腔體之間並無直接接觸。通過改變聲音頻率、腔體參數（包括體積、瓶口截面積、瓶頸長度），以及揚聲器震動振幅與腔體內外氣壓，研究噴流流速的變化。 研究發現腔體內氣壓振幅超過臨界值時，腔體開口處會噴出一連串渦流環，根據拍攝的影像確認連續的渦流環組成的噴流即為合成氣流(synthetic jet)。噴流流速在聲音頻率與腔體共振頻率相同時達到峰值，並隨聲音頻率偏離共振頻率而急速下降。流速峰值頻率符合修正後的亥姆霍茲公式，且瓶頸長度越長，共振時合成氣流峰值流速越低。本研究為聲能轉動能方面提供新的研究途徑，並有進階研究的可能性。

The increased sensitivity of aquatic organisms to the effects of EMF has been proven by numerous experimental studies. It has been repeatedly noted that exposure to EMF of certain frequencies and intensities leads to disruption of physiological functions, orientation in time and space, changes in the behavior of organisms, suppression of motor activity. Other ranges of electromagnetic radiation, on the contrary, can cause the effects of increased regeneration, growth rate and survival. In connection with these trends, the purpose of our research is to analyze the effects of the influence of electromagnetic radiation of extremely high frequency on the development of the Xenopus laevis and the regeneration of newts and planarians

I first found out about the Young Scientist competition last year, in 2021. I thought it was an interesting and challenging opportunity; something that could take students out of their comfort zone. I researched for some inspiration online and found a website with all the different types of project ideas. While reading about the experiments, I stumbled upon a project relating the music to bacterial growth. It sounded ridiculous at first, but I soon realized it was the right project for me. It intertwined music and biology- form of art I’ve been involved in since the age of 9, and one of my favorite subjects and a field I want to work in in the future.

我們研究的問題源自於〝棋盤上的蛇〞(Snakes on a chessboard) ，是由教授Richard Stanley所提出。問題如下：在 棋盤形格子上，蛇由任意一格出發，但蛇的走法只能往右→，往上↑，或停住。若此蛇已停住，將由另一條蛇來走，且不同蛇走過的格子不可重疊。證明：將 棋盤形格子完全覆蓋的總方法數為費氏(Fibonacci)數列某些項的乘積。 我們以〝生成格〞概念來解決問題，藉由生成格建立二維棋盤形格子〝蛇填充數〞與費氏關係，並試圖拓展三維空間棋盤情形，在過程中發現藉由〝生成矩陣〞可以組成空間棋盤的〝生成格〞，並以此解決p×q×r的空間棋盤問題。 2022年9月，在網站The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences上發現由教授 Greg Dresden及其學生Aarnav Gogri提出的數列，與我們2022年3月於高雄市發表的科展作品中的一組數列完全對應，甚而對此數列的原問題Tiling a Hexagonal Strip with Triangles and Diamonds，我們的作品還能做進一步延伸探討。