本研究針對臺灣恆春半島海域所採集的棘皮動物海百合小卷海齒花Comanthus parvicirrus進行天然物化合物之成分研究，分離獲得三個角型萘並吡喃酮類型天然化合物，包括一個新化合物8-hydroxy-5,6,9,10-tetramethoxy-2-methyl-4H-benzo[h]chromen-4-one (1)以及兩個已知化合物comaparvin (2)與6-methoxycomaparvin-5-methyl ether (3)。上述化合物結構是由核磁共振儀、紅外線光譜儀、紫外光可見光譜儀、x-ray光譜儀和質譜儀等數據，以及比對相關化合物的文獻來分析確認。 化合物1-3進行體外抗發炎活性測試，並且探討化合物對脂多糖 (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) 誘發的小鼠巨噬細胞 (RAW264.7) 所產生的發炎性蛋白質一氧化氮合成酶 (iNOS) 以及第二型環氧化酶 (COX-2)。

Money drives the world and in times of crisis, money is more important than ever. Most political, economic and, as we have seen recently, health crises are accompanied by pressure on the economy. With such pressure, ordinary citizens are worried about their money, which is at risk either from inflation or from an uncertain economic outlook. In such times, some people resort to appreciating their money by investing. It is wise investments that can protect savings from inflation, or at least mitigate the effects of inflation. Investing in the stock market is among the most popular ways of investing. During the global coronavirus crisis, the number of small investors more than doubled (Galik and Brody [2022]), and in 2021, Covid (new) investors accounted for 15 % of investors in the U.S. market (Schwab [2021]). It is this phenomenon that inspired the author to write this paper. Investing in the stock market is one of the riskiest forms of investment, which means that there is a high probability of losing the originally invested capital. Some companies that allow retail investors to invest state that more than 90 % of their users lose their capital when investing in the stock market. On the other hand, investing in the stock market has one of the greatest potentials for profit. In the case of a long-term investment in index funds, for example, an average annual appreciation of between 8 % and 12 % can be expected (the average appreciation of the S&P 500, the most famous US index). However, it is necessary to wait several years for stable results. To see appreciation in a long-term portfolio, it is recommended to wait at least 12 years. This is because if a recession or a simple market correction comes, said portfolio can lose up to 50 % of its value in a year. But as history shows, markets do rise over the long term, and that is what long-term investors bet on, waiting for their capital to appreciate over time. But the market does not grow all the time. The market often changes price trends, and in some rare cases a long-term trend can reverse for up to several tens of months. This phenomenon, volatility, is attempted to be exploited by so-called speculators. A speculator is an investor who sells and buys in short periods of time and thus speculates on price movements. The speculator therefore needs a way to determine the likely behaviour of the price in the foreseeable future in order to make their trades profitable. The two main ways of analysing price behaviour are fundamental and technical analysis. And since fundamental analysis incorporates a large amount of diverse information into its predictions, this paper concentrates on working with technical analysis.

This research aims at exploiting civil and pre-treated industrial wastewaters that go into the purifier and those that come out of it after various treatments in order to build a galvanic cell with the goal of producing clean electric energy. Our background hypothesis is that it is possible to exploit the existing potential difference between these two types of water to generate electricity. In fact, the water sent for purification contains elements (carbon, nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, etc.) in a predominantly "reduced" state and its oxygen level is scarce. On the other hand, the water coming out of the process contains the same elements in a mostly "oxidized" state and it is rich in oxygen. Those chemical discrepancies should get the job done. In order to simulate the two types of water, two different solutions were prepared. The first one is highly concentrated with pollutants and gaseous nitrogen is insufflated in it to reproduce its anoxic environment. The second one’s pollution level is based on the Italian legislative limits of chemical contaminants for superficial waters (Legislative Decree 152/2006) and the semi-cell is insufflated with gaseous oxygen.

此研究旨在探討當腸道沙門氏菌感染人類腸道上皮細胞（HT-29）時半乳糖凝集素-4（galectin-4）所扮演的角色。我們用野生型（wild-type）以及半乳糖凝集素-4 剔除（galectin-4 knockout）的HT-29細胞進行沙門氏菌感染。我們首先經由CFU計數探討galectin-4對細胞內細菌量的影響，並檢測細胞釋出的LDH及IL-18和mature caspase-1的量，以此研究galectin-4是否會活化發炎體（inflammasome）。結果發現， wild type HT-29 cells相較galectin-4 knockout cells有較少的活細菌，釋出的LDH，IL-18也較少。但在經過wortmannin（一種自噬抑制劑）treatment後，wildtype HT-29 cells釋出較多的LDH，IL-18，並且也釋出了mature caspase-1。這些研究結果顯示galectin-4能夠降低細胞內活細菌的量，且能夠活化inflammasome。