政府最近公佈在東沙群島設立第一個國家海洋公園，顯示國人重視海洋資源的保育與復育；但是東沙島特殊的自然景觀「會擺動的沙嘴」—龍擺尾，卻因興建八座消波塊構築的突堤而消散停擺。本研究以一個高中生的觀點，設計及進行一系列的模型實驗，探討東沙島的形成機制、各種環境因素對海灘及龍擺尾的演化、驗證龍擺尾的現況及如何讓龍擺尾復活，再由東沙島海灘復育看世界的海岸問題。雖然設備很克難，但都能完成預定的目標，證實東沙島的海灘演化。希望此次對東沙島海灘的研究成果與初步探討，能應用於世界上遭受侵蝕而需復育的海岸。In 2007, our government proclaimed Dongsha archipelago as the first national marine park, signifying her emphasis on the conservation and restoration of marine resources. However, the sand spit on Dongsha island, a unique natural wonder commonly referred to as the “swaying dragon tail”, has become motionless since the construction of a total of eight groins along its SE and NE coast during the period between 1993 and 1996. This study has conducted a series of model experiments to verify several fundamental issues, ranging from the formation and the factors affecting the stability and the status quo of Dongsha island and its spit. The experimental results find several favorably outcomes, giving the coast evolving evidences of Dongsha island. Furthermore, strategy to stabilize the coast and revitalize the spit are then considered, which could hopefully benefit the coast suffering erosion on the world’s coastline.

直接乙醇燃料電池以酒精與氧氣透過氧化還原反應產生電能，但化學反應緩慢，需利用觸媒以增加其速率。本實驗目的在於盡可能找出一個表現最佳的觸媒。本實驗利用活性碳粉作為觸媒（鉑、錫）的載體，以酸性（HNO3）與鹼性（NaOH）環境分別處理碳粉，再以含浸法與多元醇含浸法將觸媒還原。我們得到以HNO3 處理的碳粉無法保有原碳粉的型態，較利用NaOH 處理為差。在觸媒製備方面，多元醇含浸法還原效果比含浸法可得到較小的觸媒尺寸，在本實驗中，溶液中鉑與加入的碳粉重量比為3:7 時，可得到最大的反應面積。此外，當鉑與錫原子數比為4:1 時，可得到最大的乙醇氧化電流。Direct ethanol fuel cell is a kind of power source which generates electrical power by a redox reaction involving ethanol fuel and oxygen. However, this reaction takes place slowly; therefore, catalyst is needed to improve its activity. The goal of this project is to get an optimize catalysts ratio to obtain the best catalyst activity. Activated carbon is used as the support of catalyst (platinum and tin) particles in this project, which is pre-treated in acid (HNO3) and alkaline (NaOH) solutions respectively. Then, the precursor is reduced by impregnation and EG-impregnation. We learned that activated carbon pre-treated with NaOH activates better than which pre-treated with HNO3 because the latter bear less resemblance than the former. As for the catalyst, the results of EG-impregnation show smaller size of catalyst particles than those of impregnation. In this project, when the ratio of the weight of platinum and activated carbon added into the solution is 3:7, we can get the largest surface area. In addition, when the ratio of the amount of platinum and tin atoms is 4:1, we can get the largest current of ethanol oxidation.

本研究主要是以台北市中心的氣溫觀測站，以及市區外圍東邊的汐止，南邊的屈尺，以及西邊的山佳等三個氣溫觀測站，從1998 年至2004 年的七年期間的氣溫資料中，來探討台北地區的熱島效應現象。這個研究的結果發現，台北市區與周遭鄰近地區確實會因為熱島效應的影響而產生1~2℃的溫差。這個溫差在白天時不甚明顯，在中午過後，便由台北市中心逐漸向郊區遞減，形成類似同心圓狀的分布。溫差最大值發生在夜晚，使得台北地區晚間宛如一座夜晚增溫的城市，同時夏季的熱島效應又較冬季顯著，氣溫又逐年遞升，造成夏季台北市區的高溫屢創新高，將是未來都市發展的危機。This study is focused on the urban heat island effect of Taipei Basin, northern Taiwan. The hourly temperatures of Taipei meteorological station and three rural sites eastern Hsi-Chih, southern Cyu-Chih and western San-Chia, were compared from 1998 through 2004 to illustrate the temperature differences between city center and surrounding country areas. The results show that a difference of 1~2℃ exists between city center and surrounding country areas, indicating the extent of urban heat island effect in the Taipei Basin. The daily temperature contours show a clear high-temperature bull’s eye at the city center during the midnight, implying the high latent heat trapped by the dense and high rise buildings. This phenomenon is not sharp in the high noon due to the reduction of temperature difference between city center and surrounding country areas. The heat island effect is most prominent in the summer than that of the winter. Along with the increasing temperature-difference trend through years, the summer times often experience record-breaking heat waves and pose great risks for the city development in the future.

由於本身有頭皮屑的煩惱，在使用各種洗髮精之後，一方面覺得大部分的洗髮精效果不是很好，另一方面也擔心抗屑洗髮精的成分對人體有害。所以有了研究頭皮屑的念頭，希望能找出減少頭皮屑的方法。\r 在與幾位皮膚科專門醫師討論後，醫師們都不建議在直接人體上進行減少頭皮屑的實驗。於是我們將研究的重點放在〝皮屑芽孢菌生長之探討〞，希望對皮屑芽孢菌有更深入的瞭解。除了洗髮精之外，我們也將研究各種廣為流傳的民間偏方是否能有效抑制皮屑芽孢菌生長。在這些民間偏方的蒐集可兩大類：一類是在日常生活中可以很容易取得的物質，如鹽、醋、大蒜、生薑、洋蔥等；另一類則是台灣特有的物質，如無患子、茶籽粉、竹醋液等。\r 我們希望透過研究方法能瞭解\r (一) 溫度、濕度、酸鹼度、油脂對皮屑芽孢菌生長的影響\r (二) 哪些物質可以抑制皮屑芽孢菌的生長\r (三) 不同稀釋濃度的物質抑制皮屑芽孢菌的生長的效果\r 為了避免繁複的數量計算(如菌數計算)，我們採用較多的對照比較(如抑制圈大小)。同時，我們設計了一個簡易的觀察與測量方法(稀釋法與抑菌指數)，來比較各種民間偏方\r 的抑菌效果。\r 研究與實驗分為四大項進行:\r (一) 基本生長環境之探討：溫度、濕度、酸鹼度、油脂對皮屑芽孢菌生長的影響\r (二) 民間偏方抑制效果之探討：鹽、醋、大蒜、生薑、洋蔥是否能抑制抑制皮屑芽孢菌的生長\r (三) 民間偏方抑制效果之比較(抑制圈)：比較各種物質的抑制圈大小\r (四) 民間偏方抑制效果之比較(稀釋法)：利用抑菌指數來比較各種物質的抑菌能力\r 經過研究，我們所蒐集到的民間偏方都有某種程度的抑菌效果，大致可以分為強效(蒜液、竹醋液、茶樹精油)、有效(食鹽水、食用醋、洋蔥液、檜木芬多精、茶籽粉)及普通(薑汁、無患子)三種效果。\r \r Since I have the serious dandruff problem, I try to seek, except the shampoo, the natural materials to decrease the dandruff. After consulting with some dermatologists, they suggest I can focus my research on the “Malassezia Furfur”, which is the major bacteria causing the dandruff.\r This project is designed for finding the materials which have the most powerful inhibition capability for the “Malassezia Furfur”. I collect some folk prescriptions from the internet that salt, vinegar, garlic and onion can decrease the dandruff. The problem is “Do they have good inhibition capability for the Malassezia Furfur too?”\r The goals of the research are as followed.\r (1) The exploration of the basic environmental factors for the growth of Malassezia Furfur, such as temperature, humidity, acidity & alkalinity.\r (2) What kinds of material have the good inhibition capability?\r (3) The comparison of inhibition capability of the different material with different consistency.\r We especially design a method called “Dilution metering and index” to compare the inhibition capability of the different material. By using very simple observation, this method will transfer the simple “Qualitative Analysis” to the result of complicated “Quantitative Analysis”. The “Dilution metering and index” is the major achievement of this project, and it is also the good way for the projects which are not equipped with the precision instrument for bacteria inhibition capability measurement.

In the previous year study, we assumed that the fish basin as a column-shape model in order to exam and explain how the water spouting. This year, we established a reality-like situation of the fish basin to construct our theory base. At this point, round-waves and up-down waves are found as the beginning point of the water spouting. The sound from the basin is the frequency of the vibrations. Meanwhile, this process enables us to understand the causes of four, six, and eight waves. In addition, we tried to change the basin's positions, the capacities of water, the densities of liquids, and the sizes of the containers to demonstrate the theory. Furthermore, we used similar containers, such as high-heel cup and big magnetic bowl to experiment. The results are also corresponded with the theory. These results can also be used to explain the Chinese aeolian bell, clock, shaking bell, etc. That is a major innovation for us. Finally, we obtain better understanding of the abstractive theory though the simulation of the computerized photographs. 魚洗，也稱龍洗，傳說是中國唐宋時代皇帝洗臉的臉盆，內底四條魚紋，麟尾畢具。洗內盛水後，用手摩擦其兩個雙耳，立即發出響亮的嗡鳴聲，並出現美麗了漣漪，水珠四濺，摩擦越快，聲音越響，波浪翻騰，水珠越烈。對此在上一年度的研究中，是將洗盆視為圓柱狀，然後由圓柱狀所建立的模型去解釋水跳的原因，初步瞭解了水跳的原因。今年我們以洗盆真實的情況建立理論模型，在殼體產生共振的圓形駐波及上下駐波，此為水跳產生點，此時殼體發出的聲音就是共振的頻率。也瞭解了有四個、六個、八個、十個波腹的原因。並以改變殼體不同位置、水量、液體密度及洗盆大小等變因應證模型，結果與理論相符合。繼而以高腳杯、大磁碗等類似魚洗盆構造的容器，加以實驗應證，也能符合此理論。甚可推到中國古時候的編鐘、搖鈴、風鈴等器材。對於我們總認為碰撞就產生聲音的觀念實是一大突破。最後經由電腦動畫的模擬，讓此抽象的理論更容易瞭解。

When we were learning about organic compounds at school ,there was a unit discussing the isomers of alkane .Our teacher made us practice drawing all the structural formula of the isomers from hexane to nonane .We were much interested in the subject .However ,we often missed or duplicated some isomers .Thus , we began to think if it is possible to find a way by developing programs to let the computer calculate the exact number of the isomers of alkane . After discussion ,we set up a complete coding system .We numbered the isomers in the way that computers could decode and then wrote them in C language. Through computer execution ,the numbers of the isomers from C1 to C20 all match those on the reference website. According to the same concept , we also find a way to calculate the number of alkane with one substituted group . In the future,our goal will be focused on the research of multi- substituted alkane and cyclokane. In addition , the ionic crystal accumulation model are so variable. Take the double face-centered accumulation of NaCl for example, when the ion pairs are extended to the infinity , the potential energy of attractive field will approach a constant which is named as the Madelung Constant. We also managed to write a computer program with C language to approach this convergence with three models, including cube , octahedron , and sphere . The result turned out to be that the data of the sphere was less stable . In the other two models , when “n” is up to 43 layers , the data is identical with that on the reference website to the eight decimal point . 在學校裡學習有機化合物有關烷類異構物這個單元，老師讓我們練習畫出己烷~壬烷的所有異構物結構式，這引起我們極大的興趣！但常一不小心就漏掉或多出幾個，我們開始思考：能不能找到一個方法並設計成程式，讓電腦執行以找出烷類異構物？經過討論，我們建立了一套完整的編碼系統，將各異構物以電腦可解讀的方式編號，並以C 語言寫成程式。透過電腦執行，各碳數化合物自C1至C20都與參考網站吻合。依相同觀念，我們也設計出烷類含一個取代基的異構物數目。將來努力的目標為：多取代基及環烷類之研究！另外，離子晶體堆積模型變化多端，以NaCl 雙面心堆積為例，其引力場位能，當離子對延伸至無限大時，這個值將趨近於一個常數，又稱為馬德隆常數。我們嘗試以C 語言設計電腦程式，用三種模型（正立方體、正八面體、圓球）來逼近並求得這個收斂值。執行結果是：圓球數據較不穩定；而另二種模型到n=43 層以上，其數值大小與參考網路上的數值，在小數點以下8 位完全相同。

在夏日的午後，在炎熱的柏油路面上很容易可觀察到遠方的 路面上，出現如鏡子般的倒影，看起來彷彿前方有一灘水，但當 我們向前進一些時，倒影卻突然消失了，這個現象，一般稱為海 市蜃樓。 一般解釋海市蜃樓的成因，都是由於在上層的低溫空氣，和 在下層靠近路面的高溫空氣，因密度的不同，以致於折射率的漸 層差異，繼而產生全反射。 但我們觀察發現，地面與上層空氣的溫差，並非柏油路面上 假積水現象及倒影出現的必要條件；反而和入射光的角度、路面 的平坦程度及路面的性質有關。我們提出了粗糙面在入射光的入 射角接近90度時，可發生單向反射的模型。並由實驗來驗證假積 水現象及倒影主要的成因是「柏油路面的單向反射」而非「空氣 的折射與全反射」。 Under the scorching sunshine, we can see the reflection on the tarmac in the distance just like a water puddle on the road. And the water also reflects the people and object nearby. But, in fact, the tarmac road over there is very hot and dry. Therefore we call the phenomenon as the “false water puddle on the tarmac.” According to the textbook , the main reason for “false water puddle on the tarmac” is that the temperature difference leads to the refraction of the light and causes the phenomenon. However, from our observation, the theory still can’t explain some phenomenon, For example, the “false water puddle on the tarmac” remains to appear when the wind blows fiercely. Even with little temperature different at night the phenomenon is still obvious. Therefore, in our opinion, the temperature different of the air is not a necessary condition of “ the false water puddle on the tarmac.” We bring up the model to explain the phenomenon that when the incident angle of the light approach 90 degrees, the light will result in one-way reflection. According to the model, furthermore, we make experiments at midnight and at dawn. The result of the experiment assures us the hypothesis of the model, Consequently, we hold the ideal that the main condition of the “false water puddle on the tarmac.” Is not because of the refraction and the total reflection but because the light reflects off the road and result in the one-way reflection on the tarmac road.

This research tries to find out how changes of weight or proportion of a reactor would affect the type and structure of a crystal. In the experiment, the Hydrothermal reaction was adopted to conduct the syntheses of Vanadium-substituted Gallium Phosphates and try to pick up the single crystal to collect data with SXRD for further illustrating the crystal structure with diamond software to know well its nature. The research result finds out a new type of crystal unseen in the existing literature produced because of the weight changes of C3H10N2, therefore the weight change of a reactor may affect the structure of crystal significantly. In the future, it is expectation that comparison among structures of other Vanadium-Substituted Gallium Phosphates can be made, and the properties of this compound can be measured, and try to find out a brand new type of structure for new exploration by changing the initial reagent. 本研究係透過改變化合物所添加之反應物的比例，以了解反應物比例的改變對晶體的型態與結構的影響。實驗採用中溫水熱反應來從事金屬釩鎵磷酸鹽的合成。並挑取單晶，以X-ray 繞射儀進行數據收集，再以diamond 軟體繪出晶體的結構圖，且進一步得知其性質。研究結果發現，經改變丙二胺的量後，產生不同於文獻上的新化合物，可知改變所加反應物的比例，對於晶體結構有相當大的影響。未來可朝向與其他的釩鎵磷酸鹽做結構上的比較、對此化合物做更進一步的性質測量、改變起始試劑測試，進而得到更新穎的結構形式等部分進行探究。

與傳統的鏡頭比較起來，廣角鏡頭可取得較大範圍的影像，所以廣泛地運用在很多地方，例如倒車攝影機、內視鏡、防盜警眼等，但是其影像會有很大的變形失真，容易造成人類眼睛的錯覺與誤判。本篇研究以倒車攝影機為例，使用了多項式函數來校正其影像的變形與失真，從程式實作的校正結果看來，我們的方法之效果還不錯，相信同樣的模式可用來校正其他使用廣角鏡頭的儀器設備之變形影像。 Compared with the traditional lens, wide-angle lens can make images of larger range, so they are widely used in a lot of places, such as move backward cine-cameras, laparoscopes, and burglarproof eyes. The drawback is that the images distort a lot and may cause the illusion to human eyes and lead to erroneous judgments. This reserch takes the backward cine-camera as example and utilizes multinomial function to correct the deformation and distortion of the image. The results show that the method we use are quite effective and the model can be applied to other equipment with wide-angle lens.

本研究的目的在觀察液滴的蒸發過程，探討影響一滴蒸發方式改變的變因。我們利用數位攝影機外加近攝鏡頭，由側面逆光拍攝液滴蒸發過程，並轉錄成電子檔利用電腦協助分析。液滴影像分隔放大投影在方格紙上，以便測量接觸角及高度的變化。結果發現蒸發情形可分為三種：Ⅰ.當接觸角大於九十度時，液滴和界面的接觸線迅速外擴，直到接觸角遞減至90度後定住不動，蒸發終了時，接觸線迅速內縮，留下縮小的實心殘跡。Ⅱ. 當接觸角小於九十度時，接觸線先些微外擴迅速外擴，之後定住不動，直到蒸發終點，液體內縮，留下環狀殘跡。Ⅲ.當接觸角小等於九十度時，接觸線始終定住不變，液滴蒸發後留下原大小的實心班跡。液滴蒸發時接觸角和高度並不是連續變化，而是交互階梯式遞減。本研究的結果可應用在探討噴漆及噴墨印表機的噴墨印刷上。The objective of this investigation is to observe the evaporation of liquid drop and find out the factors that could affect it. A digital camera with micro lens is used to film the process of the evaporation. And a close-up of the sample drop is taken with backlight. The results are analyzed with a personal computer. The magnified images of the drops are projected on grid papers for measuring the changes on contact angles, and heights of drops. We classify the evaporation of a drop into three types: Ⅰ. The contact angle is greater than 90 degrees. At first, the contact line will spread outwardly till the contact angle decrease to the 90 degrees and then be pinned until the evaporation reach its terminal. At last the contact line quickly contract inwardly, and a solid stain remain. Ⅱ. The contact angle is less than 90 degrees. The contact line will spread slightly and then be pinned. At the terminal the liquid contract inward, and a ring-like stain is formed. Ⅲ. The contact angle is equal to 90 degrees. The contact line will always be pinned, and no ring, but spot stain is left. During the evaporation, we discover that the contact angle and the height of the drop do not change continuously but alternatively decrease by steps. The results of our investigation can be applied to the aspects of paint-spraying and jet printers.

「翻車」事件令人怵目驚心，輕則車毀，重則人亡。減少翻車事件，可減少悲劇的發生。而翻車絕大多數均發生在轉彎的路段，且伴隨著超速發生。因此，本研究乃針對汽車過彎行駛，探討其翻覆的原因以及改進之道 · 本研究乃利用實驗分析法以及理論驗證法進行研究，實驗中變化不同的汽車質量，車軸寬、車身高以及車軸寬/車身高，質量重心寬、高以及寬/高、傾斜度以及迴轉半徑等九種參數 · 於自製的紅外線偵測變頻式可調迴轉模擬機上以八部模型試驗車測試其翻覆轉速，並換算為翻覆速度後逐一分析討論之。經由實驗結果，本研究得到以下結論：一、汽車轉彎翻覆與離心力有關，當離心力大於臨界側向推力時，汽車即翻覆。臨界側向推力公式為 F = mg ( tanθ + K?) / ( l -K? tanθ ) 二、最大容許車速平方與轉彎半徑及質量中心寬高比相乘積成正比；而在定車速下，飲小客許轉彎半徑與質量中心寬高比成反比．前述各項皆與質量大小無關．三、提高轉彎路面傾斜度對防止汽車翻覆有確實的效果。而最佳的過彎防止翻覆方法是降低車行速度，提高轉彎半徑，增加路面外側傾斜度，以及提高汽車質量中心寬高比”四、汽車過彎不致翻覆的最大極限速度 Vc 以及最小轉彎半徑rc分別為 vc=〔 rg ( tan θ + K ?）/ ( l 一 K ? tanθ ) ]; rc =（ V2 / g ) ( l 一 K?tanθ ) / ( tanθ + K? ) 五、本實驗所設計紅外線偵測變頻式可調迴轉模擬機，可有效的模擬汽車過彎翻覆，適用於中等學校物理、力學等學科的實驗課程。The accident of overturning a car always results in both destroying the car body and the death of the people. This project is to investigate what factors would have an effect on overturning a car and how to prevent a car from overturning.This project explores the factors by varying the mass of the cars, the distance between axes, the height of the car body, the ratio between the axis distance and the car height, the central gravity, and the declination. We test and record different overturning rotating speeds of eight model cars by a self-made adjustable simulator with a varying frequency infra-red detector. According to the experiment, the following results are obtained. I. The overturning occurrence is as a result of the eccentric force over the critical lateral force. The critical lateral force is F=mg(tanθ +K?)/(l—K?tan θ) 2. The square of allowable maximum speed is in proportion to the product of turning radius and ration of width to height for the center of mass; however, the allowable minimum turning radius is inversely proportional to the ration of width to height for the center of mass under constant vehicle speed. The above inference is independent of the mass of vehicle. 3. Increasing the declination can prevent a car from overturning. 4. The maximum speed for a car turning without overturning is Vc. The minimum turning radius is r. Both are expressed as follows:Vc=[rg(tanθ +K2)/(1—K?tanθ );rc=(’V2/g)( I —K?tanθ )/(tanθ +K?)5. The self-made adjustable simulator with a varying frequency infra-red detector can be used in the experiments of the middle school science curriculum.

The purpose of our experiment is to analysis a specific ring shaped airplane called 'Round Wing' to know its characteristic. We've done several experiments to find its characteristics.\r First, Unlike other airplanes, Round Wing needs little time to recover its stability by comparing duration of flight.\r Second, as the eccentricity of the ring increase from 0.5 to 0.95, the stability and duration of flight are increased too. Also the size of body increase 1, 2, 3 times, the duration of flight is increased to 184%, 204%, 222%.\r Third, when Round Wings are attached each other by 2, 3, 4 they flew with high stability than before and stayed in the air much longer.\r Conclusion, Round Wing has unique characteristic (like high stability, and long duration of flight). And if additional power plant added, it can stay in the air very long. Also it can be used for leisure, patrol, broadcasting, and geological purposes.