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系統生物學是結合實驗生物和理論生物科學來探討複雜生物系統的新興科學,在後基因體時代中已慢慢地變成一種不可或缺的研究方法。本研究利用系統生物學來研究大腸桿菌之生長曲線。首先我們以電腦系統建立精準、快速的模擬平臺—— Emu. coli,再以實際培養大腸桿菌生長曲線,藉以評估模擬Emu. coli 平臺的準確性。此模擬平臺先以生長曲線的三次多項回歸分析及倍增時間為基礎建立常數資料庫,用陣列儲存每個個體的特性參數,經由電腦演算法模擬大腸桿菌二分法分裂增殖的生活史,並設定天擇淘汰條件以留下最適合品種,最後即時顯示陣列對應的生長曲線。本研究除能以我們發展的Emu. coli 平臺預測不同pH 值培養液中大腸桿菌的生長曲線外,並能以實際培養所得之生長曲線來加以驗證。本研究未來可以應用於癌細胞之生長模擬,進而找到最適合殺死癌細胞之條件,以達到治療癌症的目的。
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自製濃度觀測工具及其在高中化學實驗的應用
在高中的化學實驗中,有許多實驗設計是以肉眼觀察,常因個人辨識力的差別產生誤差。本實驗利用光敏電阻,連結數位電表與電源,自行製作了一個觀察溶液濃度的裝置,應用在許多高中化學實驗上: (一)化學反應速率實驗,以自製的濃度測量工具,測量硫沉澱一定量所經過的時間,可輕易判斷出反應速率與硫代硫酸鈉的濃度成一級反應、與鹽酸濃度成零級反應;(二)酸鹼滴定實驗,當溶液變色的時候,自製濃度觀測工具的電流會有明顯變化,以電腦紀錄反應過程,繪出電流-時間關係圖,當電流迅速下降時,即為滴定終點。依此方式可以讓機器自動滴定,不必擔心滴定過量的問題;(三)氧化還原滴定實驗,如同前述的酸鹼滴定,依電流讀?發生明顯變化時判斷滴定終點,未來可以應用在設計自動滴定計;(四)平衡常數的測定實驗,當溶液的透光度相等時,觀測到的電流值應該也會相等,由機器判的結果使得實驗結果的精確度提高甚多。
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從天秤 — 布拉萬看藤原效應與怪颱的關係
西北太平洋颱風形成後,影響其路徑的因素包括:太平洋副熱帶高壓的外圍環流、鋒面系統、其他熱帶低壓、高空西風氣流的位置、及陸地高山地形等。其中,與其他熱帶低壓之間的交互作用會產生「藤原效應」,往往導致颱風移動方向及速度的改變,其移動路徑也經常變化莫測、飄忽不定,令颱風預報人員傷神,令政府大小官員緊張莫名,也令防颱、救難人員繃緊神經,百姓更是盯著電視、電腦,關心颱風動態、關心災情、關心菜價、關心是否停班停課?首先我們以簡單的實驗模擬並了解何謂「藤原效應」,再針對天秤和布拉萬颱風的相關氣象資料,分析兩者間是否發生藤原效應,及此效應對天秤、布拉萬颱風造成的影響。進而比對歷史上一些有名的怪颱,了解其之所以稱為怪颱是否都和藤原效應有關?
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農業精緻化是目前臺灣農業的走向,為了提高農業產量及符合現代化農業設備的提昇,更要積極使農業栽培能趨向 e 化的栽培管理。臺灣目前水耕栽培是以機械化控制為主,且為一般農民較普遍使用機械式水耕栽培。本組以 e 化的概念提出電腦控制水耕栽培並配合學校之專業課程『栽培環境 I、II』中之內容,設計出以簡單兒童遊戲軟體程式設計控制農業用水耕栽培。在整個設計理念上是利用電腦程式指令精準控制水耕用抽水馬達運轉,使抽水時間上較為機械式栽培更精準,使時差降為更低。另一設計上是以電腦指令並配合感測器做一個水位測知器能夠測定出水位過低時既刻發出警告訊息通知管理員。經由此次實驗雖無法做到電腦與機械兩者之間較大的差異點,但電腦控制水耕栽培未來仍有相當大的發揮空間及展望。
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On Course Line Management
The Online Course Management system was developed in 2012 by George Moon to address the issue of creating course books at Burnside High School in Christchurch, New Zealand. The course books are designed to inform students, staff and parents of the many courses that are available for students to choose for their next year of study. In the past, the system that the school used consisted of large amounts of paperwork and duplication. Not only did this system require a lot of effort from staff, but the course book cost the school thousands of dollars to produce, as it had to be sent off to be published into a large book that would be read by students for a week, then likely thrown out. This year the school decided to digitise the course book, so that students would look at their courses online. Earlier this year, the school believed that the new School Management System (SMS) ‘KAMAR’ would be able to handle all of the necessary information, however this was not the case. Because of this, they needed a simple solution that would collate all of the course data, and then output it as a course book. I developed my project to do this. It is a web based program that is accessible by staff on their computers which enables them to enter in all of the course and assessment data for their departments. As it is all securely stored on a central database, it reduces duplication and staff workload, as well as the added environmental bonus of less paper being used. The program also outputs data in a number of ways including as a coursebook PDF (digital document which can be uploaded or printed), an Excel spreadsheet and a webpage for easy viewing. It can be sorted or printed by different categories (such as level, faculty, department), which proved to be a very useful feature. Following some research on areas such as design principles, browser compatibility and screen resolution (computer screen size), the program was designed to make best use of this this information. For example, most of the computers that staff would access the website on were of a similar size screen, so I made sure that my website worked well for them. I also used my research on design principles to try and create a simple, clean interface that users with limited computer skills would easily be able to navigate around. The outcome was real, as it was used by the school to generate their coursebook this year. Following a 95% student completion rate of course selection many months earlier than previous years, the system (although it had some issues) was pronounced a success, and the school is looking to use it in the years to come. There are a number of steps I am looking to take in the future with this program including the potential sale to other schools, so they can take advantage of the features it has to offer.
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為了測量測量乒乓球彈跳,設計了測量的方法,基本構想是將乒乓球在木板上的彈跳(接觸與離開)視為開關的ON與OFF,將訊號產生器所產生的電訊號接到乒乓球上,木板接到電腦錄音輸入端,當乒乓球與木板接觸時,形成通路訊號進入電腦,由錄音程式加以記錄,反之為斷路,記錄停止。但如何將乒乓球、木板由不能導電的絕緣體轉換成可以導電的導體,而又不能影響乒乓球原本彈跳性質?想出了用2B鉛筆(含石墨)將乒乓球、木板塗黑轉變為導體的方法,解決這個問題後,成功測量出以下乒乓球彈跳時各項的記錄:1.彈跳次數2.碰撞作用力3.接觸時間4.飛行時間。最後以力感測器直接測量碰撞作用力,來驗正此實驗正確性。
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現在的市面上,四處充斥著各式各樣的電玩或是3D立體動畫,但是在呈現動畫的\r 時候,依然存在著很多地方的不足,與狀況表現上的矛盾情形!於是令我興起:一個普\r 通的高中學生,是否也有機會運用所學的知識,創造出自己的虛擬實境?\r 我嘗試地寫出各種物體架構的函數,再對這函數圖形所呈現出的立體加工處理,使\r 它能自由的運動,甚至使它能多采多姿就有如我們在現實生活中所看見的一般,有著自\r 己的花紋與圖案!\r 期望在架構完整之後,有一天,我們這些學生可以不再被那些軟體公司牽著走,花\r 大把的錢買電腦動畫中種種的不合理,而可以自己擁有自己的3D 世界!!
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高中光學用三稜鏡或光柵分光,用肉眼判讀每條光譜對應特定波長,但誤差很大,很難客觀描述光譜顏色。偶然發現,透過光柵,可在夜間看到汽車頭燈為連續光譜、水銀燈為亮點光譜(Pic.1),從光柵看世界竟是如此奇妙。
我們只使用攝影腳架、相機、凸透鏡、刻度圓盤、1200條/㎜光柵便組裝「攝譜儀」 (Pic.2),不但成功鑑別鈉雙線,也可靈活拍攝遠方光源的光譜。
天文攝影常使用紅、藍、綠3種濾鏡,利用電腦影像疊合得到彩色的星雲照片,提供我們將「光譜影像數位化」的靈感,因為電腦不但可靈活放大影像,至少可鑑別3 萬 2 千種顏色,將各種顏色的光譜線轉成數位座標,不但可測量未知光源的光譜線所對應的波長、顏色,也成功鑑別5890、5896Å相差6 Å鈉雙線,深具實用價值。
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中國2699年前的電腦---周易與二進法
我們在相命先生那裹看到「八卦」和「六十四卦」的圖形。這些圖形設計之巧妙,富有的規則性,使我們喜歡它,激發我們去研究「八卦」和「六十四」的符號數理。
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自六十二年起大學聯考招生除作文外均採用電腦閱卷,因此閱卷電腦和我們有了密切的關係,並且引發了我們研究的動機。今各校亦仿大學聯考之方式舉行模擬考,並且請老師閱卷,我們為了減輕老師的負擔,乃設計了這套電幽,並儘量降低成本!以期推廣至各校普遍應用。上次我們的硬體(內部構造)設計,曾參加全國展覽,擭得各位師長的鼓勵以後,乃繼憤潛心研究,於課外時間製造完成本電腦,並完成初步的動作。為了消弭大眾對於電腦高深莫測的恐懼心,乃以淺顯的文字介紹電腦的內部構造,希望能幫助大家認識電腦,了解電腦並引起大家對電腦研究的好奇心,以破除電腦神祕的外衣。
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Technology of web site advancement
Internet by its content represents a fountain of information, while from the point of view of its arrangement it is a huge dump. There are an enormous number of web sites. Multiple web sites are commercially directed, i.e. are aimed at profit earning. As profit depends on the number of visits to web site, no visitors means no profit. So, to obtain more orders, web site producers should first of all ensure good inflow of visitors (web site attendance). Every year this task becomes more and more critical for commercial web site owners (and not only for them), as the number of similar content web sites increases steadily along with competition intensifying correspondingly. The process of establishing conditions to attract more visitors is called web site advancement. The present paper discusses various ways of how to increase the number of web site visitors, it also describes the particular process of "Theater to Children" (www.teatrbaby.ru) web site advancement. Based on the paper outcomes a CD multimedia manual "Technology of web site advancement" has been developed that will help web site producers to achieve good attendance for their network resources. As the purpose of web site advancement is visitor number increase then the main criterion of web site advancement efficiency should be the number of visitors for a certain time period, e.g. for 24 hours, a week or a month. Taking into consideration that about 80% of Internet users retrieve information through search systems, the major growth of visitors will occur owing to the enhancement of web site visibility in search systems.
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Vison-把台北101 玩弄於電腦之中
創意發想:在學習三角函數的三角測量應用時,由於立體感並非十分容易在平面中呈現,使得解題過程並相當困難。我們希望能透過程式,實際模擬出所看到的樣子,將有利於解決這方面的問題。學習美術者也需要了解一點透視的立體概念,皆可以透過程式來模擬。作品特色:我們的精神主要在於以高中的數學及物理為基礎,來研究其中的方法。除了研究3D 繪圖之基本原理,並著重於如何以程式實作,以達到高繪圖效能。預期效果:1. 讓電腦繪出有立體感(近大遠小)的圖形。2. 可以由不同位置及角度觀察物體。3. 讓立體影像具有光及影的效果。“想像您坐了一部直升機從1 樓向上到達頂端,觀看101 大樓有何不同的景象?!”Motive :In learning the technique of triangulation, it is hard to show 3D coordinates on 2D graphics so that this kind of math problems is difficult to solve. We hope that we can simulate the 3D surroundings by programming to provide references in dealing the problems. In addition, painting learners also need the simulation to realize the concept of one-point perspective. Feature :1. We do all the research based on mathematics and physics techniques learned in high school. 2. We not only figure out the method to draw 3D pictures but put some emphasis on how to use programming to run the method. Objective: 1. Let the computer draw 3D pictures, that is, the object looks big when near and small when far. 2. Making it possible to observe the object from different positions and angles. 3. Making the 3D pictures with lighting and shading effect. “Imagine how the sight would change while you are taking a ride on a helicopter from the ground to the top of Taipei 101.”\r
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