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探討如何自製便宜的耐強酸鹼實驗桌面.
This study evaluates the corrosive resistance of strong acid and base for laboratory desks including epoxy resin products, plywood, carbonate products and boards. From results,only the surface of expensive resin products can tolerate the exposure of strong acid and base. The surface of other commercial materials was destroyed with strong acid and base. The performance of laboratory-made desk surface for resistance corrosion of strong acid and base was studied. Coating with Teflon paint on the board could resistant the exposure of strong acid and base, but a drying long time was the major shortage. Some of the chitin added could improve and tolerate the scraping with knife. The results will offer to make a cheaper laboratory desk.
本研究主要是探討不同材質的實驗桌面,如環氧樹脂合成板、三合板、美耐板、一般木板等,其對強酸、鹼的抗腐蝕之極限濃度,進而研發自製經濟實用的耐強酸鹼實驗桌面。由實驗結果顯示,只有較高級昂貴的環氧樹脂合成桌面,才能夠耐高濃度的強酸、強鹼,普通的環氧樹脂桌面、三合板或美耐板其抗強酸、鹼性則不理想。若將一般木板塗以鐵氟龍漆,即可得抗強酸強鹼之桌面材質,但漆不容易乾燥,若添加適量的幾丁質於鐵氟龍漆中,則漆將極容易乾燥,可降低烘烤溫度,使木板不致因高溫烘烤而變形,此所得結果可作為製作價廉的抗強酸強鹼實驗桌面之參考。尤其本實驗所製作之板面以水果刀刮之,板面絲毫未受損,故值得我們廣為運用。
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線上教學資源
我常聽到別人說不要去淋雨,因為會禿頭!請問到外面淋雨真的會造成禿頭嗎?
題目中所說的雨是指「酸雨」!什麼是酸雨呢?顧名思義,就是酸性的雨,也就是pH值低於7的雨水。造成酸雨的原因很多,其中一個原因主要是來自天然的物質,如:火山爆發時,會造成大量的硫化物的噴發,從海水及湖水中釋放出的硫化氫物質;或是動植物分解後釋出的有機酸;泥土中的微生物及海藻釋放之硫化氫及氮化物等,都有可能使雨水之pH值下降至5.0左右。但是,我們所指的酸雨主要並不是這些原因形成的,因為上述所提出的都是偶然將pH降低的,真正造成酸雨的兇手是我們大量使用燃料,在燃燒過程中產生出來的二氧化硫,氮氧化物及氯化氫等等,後來這些污染物被排放至大氣當中,經光化學反應生成硫酸、硝酸等酸性物質,使得雨水的pH值降低,形成酸雨。 那酸雨到底會不會造成禿頭呢?現在來說,根據科學家的研究,還無法證實這個說法!只是我們若長期接觸過多的酸性物質,的確是會對身體造成不好的影響,而且若是常淋雨,沒有立刻清洗的話,可能還會產生皮膚上的問題唷!而就臺灣來說,並不是每一個區域的雨水酸鹼度都是一樣的,酸雨影響最嚴重的區域是台北盆地和桃園,最不嚴重的部份則是位在嘉南平原。而酸雨在冬季會比較嚴重。因為冬季常吹東北季風,使得大陸沿岸許多污染源帶入臺灣,增加許多本地產生以外的污染,使得酸雨更加嚴重。(台灣冬季降雨也明顯的比其他季節為少,當降雨少,污染濃度又高時,就會得到嚴重的酸雨。)
作者:陳怡吟 審查:林明聖
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終結保麗龍污染!---利用保麗龍廢棄物處理重金屬廢水之研究
保麗龍(EPS)由於無法分解一直是環境保護的嚴重困擾。本研究是將保麗龍改質為陽離 子交換樹脂(我們稱為”保麗龍膠(EPSR)”),藉以吸附重金屬廢水中的銅離子。研究內容包括: 保麗龍膠之特性、吸附銅離子之最佳條件、保麗龍膠之再利用及最終產物之固化,企圖提供 一個解決保麗龍汙染之整套方案。 我們採用五種日常生活中常見的保麗龍廢棄物進行測試。首先將它們依下列程序處理: 丙酮溶解→硬化→打碎→與濃硫酸共煮三小時→浸於50%硫酸溶液中→沖洗→以水浸泡,將 廢棄保麗龍磺酸化為保麗龍膠。在這五種保麗龍膠之中,5 號膠(由一般家電之保麗龍襯墊所 製成)具有最佳之磺酸化比例(莫耳分率)、吸附量及吸附速率。經檢測保麗龍膠的特性之後, 發現保麗龍膠為多孔物質,具有-SO3H 的官能基,吸附的模式是先進行化學吸附,高濃度 時兼具物理吸附。 保麗龍膠對銅離子的吸附研究是以一個自動化之差動電壓檢測器進行監測,同時用電腦 精確的擷取數據。保麗龍膠達到吸附銅離子的最佳條件依次為:使用細粒的5 號保麗龍膠、 銅離子溶液的濃度為50 ppm、操作溫度為10 ℃、廢水的流速為每分鐘為 5 c.c.、以及pH 值約為4.30。多次吸附確可將金屬離子幾乎完全去除。在一次初步測試中,我們成功地將三 個自製的微型保麗龍膠儲存槽串聯,進行管柱式的多次吸附,使得高吸附率時間可以維持3.5 小時以上。 保麗龍膠達到飽和吸收後,我們再將保麗龍廢膠與由硫酸廢液和碳酸鈣製得的硫酸鈣混 合,製成黏土,可以製作造型磁鐵、分子模型等物品,達成最終產物之廢物利用,完成廢棄 保麗龍再利用之完整方案。EPS waste is a severe problem for environment due to its non-dissolvability. This research proposed a method to transfer the EPS waste to cation exchange resin, designate as EPS rubber (EPSR), which could absorb Cu-ion in wastewater. The study included the character of the EPSR, the optimal conditions for Cu-ion absorption, the reusability of the EPSR and the solidification of the final production, trying to terminate the pollution of EPS waste. Five different EPS wastes were tested. They were processed as following: solved with acetone => hardening => smashing => boiling with sulfuric acid for three hours => soaking in 50% sulfuric acid solution => rinsing => soaking with water. Then the EPS were sulfonic acidified as EPSR. Among these five EPSR, EPSR-e, which was obtained from the EPS usually used for the pad of electric appliances, exhibited the best sulfonated ratio (in mole), adsorption quantity and adsorption rate. EPSR has a porous structure with a -SO3H functional group. The mechanism of adsorption is the chemical adsorption with a physical adsorption at high concentration. The Cu-ion saturating adsorption was investigated with a automatical differential-voltage detector, enabling the data to be precisely acquired by a computer. The optimal conditions for Cu-ion adsorption were employing fine EPSR-e particles, a Cu-ionic solution of 50 ppm in concentration, a flow rate of 5 c.c. per minute and a pH of about 4.30 at 10 ℃. Multiple adsorptions could remove Cu-ions almost completely. In a preliminary test, three EPSR-e absorption cells were seriated as a column, achieving a high-absorption condition to be maintained for more than three and a half hours. After the adsorption was saturated, the final production were mixed with calcium sulfate obtained form the earlier sulfuric acid waste solution to become the clay, acomplishing a total solution for EPS waste reuse.
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