自組薄膜(SAMs, self-assembled monolayers)乃是具有特定官能基的化合物在不需外力作用 下自動吸附到基質表面上而自行排列成有自序規則之結構。SAMs技術因製備容易且穩定，在 應用上深具潛力。目前此方法中，以硫醇接在Au上的研究最為廣泛。本作品希望藉著SAMs 方法將硫醇分子吸附於鐵片或其他金屬表面上，以達成防鏽與抗酸目的。我們分別透過接觸 角量測研究正十二硫醇在鐵片上形成分子薄膜的可能性；利用酸與金屬產生氣體的速率研究 分子薄膜抗酸蝕的情況；測試分子薄膜的耐熱性；根據鐵片生銹時pH值變化、重量變化與[Fe2+] 含量差異來探究分子薄膜能否防鏽；最後找出適合形成分子薄膜的濃度與溫度效應。由實驗 結果我們發現SAMs薄膜確實能吸附於鐵(及鎳、銅、鋅等金屬)的表面上並增加抗酸與防鏽蝕 能力，薄膜對熱的穩定性極佳，35℃時結合效果較佳，而濃度的提高有助於SAMs的效用。 Self-assembled monolayers(SAMs) are elements which have specific functions.SAMs,ordered molecular aggregates can automatically adhere to the surface of substrate without any force.The applcation of SAMs’technique has high potential not only because ther are easy to make but also because they are stable.Exposing molecules such as alkyl thiols to an Au(0) surface is now in widespread use. In this work,we apply the thiols chemisorb onto the Fe or other metal surface to make it rust-resistant and acid-resistant.We study the following issues to find the appropriate conditions of forming monolayers in varying concentration and temperture: I. The possibility of forming n-dodecanthiol molecular monolayers on Fe surface by measuring the contact angles. II. The ability of antiacid corrodibility by comparing the rates of producing gas from acid and metal. III. The heat-resistant of molecular monolayers. IV. Whether it’s antirust by detecting the changes of pH,weight,and the concentrations of Fe2+ during the iron rust. According to the results,we conclude SAMs do adhere to the surface of Fe(and other matal like Ni,Cu,Zn), which increases the ability of antiacid and antirust.Besides they are stable to heat, have good combining effect at 35℃, and it is beneficial to the effect of SAMs through raising their concentration.

可導致死亡。 1974 年 Campbell 及 Stoloff 指出如果每日食用含l.7PPM 黃麴素的米則將使 13 公斤重的2 歲小孩發生嚴重肝受損，如劑量高達 75PPM 時將可導致死亡。 1975 年 Krisha machari 等人指出印度鄉村由於徽粟（ mouldy maise ）受黃麴毒素污染而引起的黃麴毒素症致死 106 人和290 人有明顯的肝臟功能喪失症狀。利於生產黃麴毒素之條件包括很廣其主體是碳水化合物，農產品中以花生、玉米等較易受到感染，污染條件中溫度、濕度、含水量空氣等影響最大， PH 值亦為主要因素之一，當 PH 值6.9 時產毒素量最高。如果在適當環境下，通常 24 小時即可產生黃麴毒素，此外農產品之破壞程度亦為產生黃麴毒素的主要因素。自 1960 年英國農場發生十萬隻火鵝集體中毒後，已引起世界對苗麴毒素的重視，在短短十七年中黃麴毒素污染之調查報告之多，顯示農產向授到黃麴毒素的污染已經到了不容忽視之地步。

These days we hardly see fireflies, the Milky way, and rainbow. What’s the reason of that?\r We think the reason is related to air pollution but the concrete reason is unknown to us. Thus the purpose of this research is to see the relation between air pollution and rainbow with Aerosol. In this research we approached in some ways about why rainbow didn't appear in polluted atmosphere.

本研究是藉由數學手法探討；如何由一疊 36 張四種花色的撲克牌中，尋找出保證可猜中最多張花色的方法。研究過程是以在適當的猜牌時機，以邏輯推理、二進位、分析與歸納 … … 等數學原理與方法，搭配巧妙的策略運用而達到目的。 猜牌方法：先約定好猜牌規則，助手將 36 張牌背圖樣相同但非對稱的撲克牌，以旋轉牌背的方向傳達訊息。在本研究中得出「經由巧妙的猜牌方法保證可以猜中不少於 26 張花色」，並得出「當總張數趨近於無窮大時，保證可以猜中不少於 81 . 07 ％的牌，並且證出若僅使用獨立的訊息猜牌，無論任何猜牌方法皆無法猜中多於 87 . 37 ％的牌」 · 其中一個猜中多於 80 ％的例子是‘「當總張數等於 23006 張時，保證可以猜中不少於 1 8405 張牌（18405/23006 > 4/5）」 ·The study is mathematically based with reasonable explanations behind it. We are to correctly guess as many cards as possible from a deck of 36 cards, with random numbers and four different suits. We will apply mathematical methods, such as logic inference, binary system, and analytical reduction, upon right timing. Using careful arrangement of the principles and reasoning, we can reach our ultimate goal. To state guessing: Conference between the guesser and the assistant about the guessing rules, the assistant will have 36 cards with the same exact pattern on the back but not symmetrical. The pattern of the cards will be different when rotated 180o. The only communication between the two is by rotating cards. In this study, we can prove that through mathematical method, we can assure 26 or more cards can be correctly guessed. Furthermore, when the total amount of cards is close to infinity, we can assure 81.07% or more of the cards can be correctly guessed, and prove that if the cards are guessed from independent information, no more than 87.37% of the cards will be correctly guessed by any guessing methods. One of the examples, which 80% of the cards are correctly guessed, is that when the amount of the cards is 23006, 18405 or more of the cards can be correctly guessed. （18405/23006 > 4/5）

近世科學日益昌明，各種專門學問幾已發展至登烽造極的階段，超音波當然亦不例外。從神話中我們知道阿拉丁有一個神燈，也知道潘多拉有一個魔箱，它們都能製造令人不可思議的奇績，如今我們有一魔鏡一一「雷達」它能增加吾人的視界，其具有超過百層阻礙的能力能夠明示道路、山脈和移動的飛機，還能....，功能遠超於神燈和魔箱，但是至今雷達仍是一秘密，且市面上無怯找到詳細的參考責料，以致不能應用於日常生活之中，所以我們想是否可以不利用無線電波而以別的波代之，來做類似雷達的工作。

本研究以蒸餾水加熱葡萄皮、紫高麗菜及火龍果皮的方式，萃取深色果皮或菜葉中所含花青素，並以自製實驗裝置檢測其花青素萃取液具有遮白光及紫外光效果。萃取過程中發現將果皮乾燥處理、改用甲醇或乙醇當溶劑來萃取花青素，上述方式都會加快及提升花青素萃取的量。自製防曬乳中加入火龍果皮的花青素萃取液，其遮紫外光效果(電阻值)約為未添加花青素萃取液的1.5倍；將火龍果皮乾燥處理並以甲醇為溶劑的花青素萃取液，在添加工研醋當染媒劑的情況下，麻布染色定色效果佳，且其遮擋紫外光能力(電阻值)遠較未經處理的麻布優異。

為了找出電池消耗電量超過五成時，電池的恢復係數會有劇烈變化之原因，本組將電池解剖，觀察內部構造，並將電池中央挖空填入塑鋼土，模擬電池內部物質硬化結塊對電池彈跳之影響，並進一步使用玻璃瓶填充不同比例的砂-水混合物進行彈跳模擬。 經一連串的實驗設計可知，新舊電池內部構造截然不同，而造成彈跳性質變化：1、新電池底部有一空腔，充滿電解液，在撞擊時具有緩衝效果；2、新電池中央隔離層包覆的負極物質是柔軟的，會吸收反彈之能量；3、新電池的正極是固液混合物質，隨電池放電，會逐漸結塊硬化，當達到一定比例時，電池便會跳得更高。最終，根據電池彈跳性質差異，利用其撞擊時所發出之聲響，來迅速判斷電池新舊，此為一重大發現。

本研究的目的在探討數種水果分解?，對萃取洋蔥 DNA 的影響，想了解在什麼情況下，哪一種水果分解?的反應最快。研究結果發現：實驗所選水果都含分解?，以火龍果汁分解?反應最快。沒有加火龍果汁分解?的洋蔥溶液，加入酒精後一樣會分層出像 DNA 的白色棉絮團狀物，但分層時間長，超過 15 分鐘以上；而加入火龍果汁後，反應時間明顯會增快，快至 30 到 40 秒內完成，可知火龍果汁分解?有催化作用。在火龍果汁的量方面，由 0%逐步加到 20%時，以 10%反應時間就達到極限，再增加單位果汁量並沒有顯著差異。在不同溫度的火龍果汁方面，除了常溫(22.5℃)外，冷凍(-10℃)、冷藏(4.2℃)和加溫(42.9℃)反應時間都變慢，這是因為每一種?都有一個反應最佳的溫度，溫度太低，?的活性會降低，溫度太高?可能會變性失去催化作用。本研究用的火龍果分解?在常溫下的反應最快。更進一步的研究發現，以最不易被萃取 DNA 的鳳梨當分解?，萃取火龍果種子的 DNA 時，可以萃取到較純又多的火龍果 DNA。

國中化學課本第二冊48頁有關水的電解，是採碳棒為電極。在純水中加入幾滴硫酸，通入電流電解水。經過多次實驗所得結果與課本上所言之結果相去甚遠。在陰極所擭之氣體體積與陽極所得之氣體體積比，不接近 2 : l，且在陽極有黑色的小粒子浮游其間，因此希望能從多種電極與多種電解質，並以簡便又確實的方法驗證之。

a. Purpose of the Research Nowadays people are getting unhealthy, especially the heart. Since the outbreak of SARS, the Hong Kong citizens cared more about their health. In the past two decades, due to the technological advancement, many medical instruments that were used by doctors are now available to the public. One of the examples is the sphygmomanometer used for measuring blood pressure. On the other hand, very few heart monitoring devices are developed for public use. As a result, there is a need that such heart monitors should be available to the public. b. The device Our device is a modified stethoscope, which electronic components are added to this common medical instrument. The device mainly consists of 3 parts: 1. The sensor: modified from ordinary stethoscope, which a condenser microphone is added to change the heart sounds into electrical signals 2. The signal processor: integrated circuits and resistor-capacitor couples, which the cost is much lower than digital electronic components, are used to amplify and filter the noise in the electrical signals. The processor is divided into 3 stages: - Preamplifier: Amplifies the electrical signals converted from heart sounds - Low pass filter: Filters the noise in the signal. The cut-off frequency is 600Hz, which most of the heart sounds are below 600Hz. - Power amplifier: Amplifies the filtered signals before outputting into computers or earphones. 3. The output devices: it can be a computer or an earphone. In a computer, the heart sounds can be converted into graphs, enabling precise graphical analysis. Since many abnormal heart conditions will alter the heart sounds, with the aid of computers and graphs, people can know whether their hearts are normal or not, and can seek for medical support before developing any critical situation. Moreover, abnormal heart sounds are more significant in graphs, so any heart problems can be discovered more easily. c. Data During an exhibition in Hong Kong, about 1000 people tried the device. Among them approximately 150 people were confirmed to have heart problems with abnormal heart sounds. Using our device, we discovered 109 of them. As a result, the accuracy of the device is about 72.6% d. Conclusion With the low cost of our device (~€9.80/US$12.80), everyone would be able to afford it. As a result, people can check their conditions of their hearts more frequently, and would be able to discover any early heart problems.

(一)槓桿的原理在一般社會裏，使用的範圍頗廣，因此在國民小學自然科早就採用為重要教材之一、唯因缺乏適當的教具無法使教學效果提高到理想地步，作者鑒及此，乃利用課餘設計這種簡易教具。 (二)自從民國五十七年，課程標準修訂頒佈之後新數學鑽進了教育的領域，世人對於數與數、數與量、量與量之間的相互關係之探討，相當重視，作者想藉此教具以具體的操作，讓兒童充分理解，兩量之間的關係進而獲得正比，反比的概念。(三)數學科一向不受兒童歡迎。一般認為是個枯燥乏味，傷透腦筋的一門學科作者願以漁翁獻曝的態度作此嘗試，如能在數學科教學時間內看到學生的笑容進而使學生喜愛數學即幸甚矣！