The results of the thermal diffusion experimental show that the separation efficient\r increases with increasing ΔT, but decreases with increasing Q at C0 constant. When\r Q is kept constant, the efficient of change ΔT are small, and the maximum at C0 about\r 545 mg/L. The purification efficient of raw water for thermal diffusion is low.\r And it is high energy consumption, difficult operation, and high costs. So the potential\r of the application is low. Therefore, the vertical circulatory laminar flow apparatus\r was developed in this study. And the separation equation of this apparatus was also\r set up. The results of vertical circulatory laminar flow experimental show that\r the efficient increase with increasing V, and the optimum conditions are at about\r Q= 1.05 L/min, C0=800±50 mg/L, and V=26 cm/min. The separation efficient of the\r vertical circulatory laminar flow apparatus is higher than thermal diffusion apparatus.\r And its energy consumption and costs are low, and easy to operate. Since all interior\r moveable plates have two operation sides, so the multiple channel apparatus is application.\r Therefore, the multiple channel apparatus can treat large amount raw water and has\r low costs. The efficient of the experimental all are better than the theoretical\r values that may due to: (1)the assumed partical diameter is too small,(2)the flow\r is not real laminar flow, and (3)the end-side effect is not considerate. \r 熱擴散實驗結果顯示在固定C0下，分離成效隨ΔT增加而增高，但隨進料流率增加而降低。在固定ΔT下，分離效率亦隨進料流率增加而降低。固定進料流率下，增加ΔT對分離效果的影響不大，以C0=545±10\r mg/L時，顯現出最佳成效。採用熱擴散裝置雖對降低原水中之懸浮微粒含量效果有限，且能源需求高，造成高成本和操作複雜，不具實用潛力。為提高分離原水微粒之成率，以及簡化操作與降低成本，本研究開發垂直旋轉帶裝置來製造出上下循環水流，並導出水流與微粒於其中之流速分布式，以及頂部、底部出口之微粒濃度計算式。垂直循環轉帶實驗結果，顯示提高V值有助於降低Ct/Cb比值；Q=\r 1.05 L/min左右、C0=800±50 mg/L下與V在26 cm/min左右，均有較低之Ct/Cb比值。垂直旋轉帶裝置分離成效明顯優於熱擴散裝置，且設備簡單、能源需求低與操作容易。由於旋轉帶之兩面均可以做為移動平板，因此不僅可以用來處理大量之高濁度原水，也能更具經濟效益。由理論與實驗結果之比較，顯示理論成效較實驗差，探討其原因可能是：(1)平均粒徑之假設值偏低、(2)流場並非全然以層流流動、(3)兩端終端效應未加考慮等。

本研究在於模擬臺北捷運大安森林公園站土壤液化現象並探討動力夯實工法防治效果。本研究分兩部份；一、預備實驗；二、實驗研究。預備實驗為設計沉積土層箱和捷運站砂土箱，並模擬土壤液化現象。實驗研究主要為了探討動力夯實工法對臺北捷運大安森林公園站砂層的效果。由預備實驗，我們設定1500mL水量、砂土深度10cm、砂層中未有緻密岩層，進行臺北捷運大安森林公園站砂層模擬，可以發現施作動力夯實工法砂層可以有效防治土壤液化，並從實驗中我們發覺經地盤改良的砂層在地震後會有地表濕潤現象，因此我們建議施作動力夯實工法後的砂層上方可以鋪設植草磚或連鎖磚，利於行人走動。

Phosphodiestarase of subtype PDE IVb inhibitors are considered as perspective drugs for the treatment of the central nervous system disorders (depression, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease). Pyrrolizidinone Glaxo-1, proposed by GlaxoSmithKline, is a highly potent PDE IVb inhibitor (IC50 = 63 nM), then conventional phosphodiesterase inhibitors Ro-20-1724, Rolipram and Cilomilast. However the activity of the Glaxo-1 was studied on a racemic sample, since the asymmetric approach to its synthesis has not been developed. Therefore the purpose of this research was the development of an efficient synthetic scheme enabling enantioselective excess to both (-)- and (+)-Glaxo-1, which can be than subjected to biological studies. \r The key stage in proposed asymmetric synthesis (-)- and (+)-Glaxo-1 is stereoselective [4+2]-cycloaddition of the nitroolefin to an optically activity vinyl ethers, derived from (-)- or (+)-trans-2-phenylcyclohexanols. The resulting chiral cyclic nitronates are transformed into a functionalized cyclic oxime ethers using tandem sylilation-nucleophilic substitution procedure. Reduction and decarboxylation of these products lead to optically pure Glaxo-1 and the regeneration of chiral 2-phenylcyclohexanols (91%). \r Thus both enantiomers (+) and (-)-Glaxo-1 were obtained selectively in average yield 12% from isovaniline and nitroethane. The study of biological profiles of each enantiomer of Glaxo-1 will be conducted in near future.

本研究主要探討催化劑的有無對丙酮碘化的影響，從中決定速率定律式及活化能，並希望本研究結果可以編入高二實驗課程。研究結果一、催化劑合適濃度為0.7M。二、有催化劑影響下適合的終止時間—32℃ 4分鐘、27℃ 7分鐘、25℃ 10分鐘、20℃ 15分鐘、15℃ 25分鐘 。三、無催化劑影響下，終止反應的時間為—35℃為5~11小時、32℃為5~8.5小時。四、有催化劑與無催化劑的反應速率差異相當大，以32℃為例，有催化劑的平均速率常數0.000124833 M－1s－1大於無催化劑的速率常數0.0000208 M－1s－1。 五、無催化劑一但開始反應後，會以極快的速率反應完畢。 六、無催化劑活化能比有催化劑活化能高，無催化劑的活化能66.88KJ/mol，有加催化劑的活化能137.7048 KJ/mol。 七、有加催化劑的總級數在1.4~2.7級之間；無催化劑總級數為2.0989583~ 2.0644408級之間。

Previously, I studied the acute effects of a common broadleaf herbicide, Killex (by Montsano) and a pesticide, Spidercide (by Wilson), on cytoplasmic streaming in detached leaves from the pond weed, Elodea canadensis. I found that Killex, active ingredient 2-4D, an auxin analog, applied at the recommended dose decreased the rate of cytoplasmic streaming by 64% over a 20 minute observational period. The Spidercide, active ingredient d-trans allethrin, a Na+ channel activator, stopped cytoplasmic streaming after a 5 minute exposure and no recovery was observed during the 20 minute observational period.

Skin cancer, including basal cell and squamous cell skin carcinoma, is known to\r be the most common cancer type. Skin cancer is thought to make up half of all known\r cancers. Over one million non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) are reported every year. \r Approximately 300,000 of these cases are squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). It is\r estimated that about 2,000 people die from NMSC each year. Of the two skin cancer\r types, SCC tends to be the more clinically aggressive and likely to spread and invade,\r typically by way of blood or lymphatic vessels. Understanding the signaling pathways\r in SCC cells that regulate invasion will be important for developing improved cancer\r treatments. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) protein is a\r central regulator of numerous cellular activities, including proliferation, survival, and\r motility. Stat3 also has enhanced activity in many cancers, including skin SCC. This\r study shows that Stat3 regulates several invasive properties in a human skin SCC cell culture model.\r HGF (hepatocyte growth factor)- induced cell schattering was assessed for\r SRB12-p9 cells (p9WT), a human skin SCC cell line, along with SRB12-p9 cells\r engineered to have reduced Stat3 activity. Next, a cell viability-based adhesion assay\r was performed with these cells. Finally, severe combined immunodeficient (SCID)\r mice were injected subcutaneously with P9WT and S3DN cells and tumors were\r measured twice weekly. Extracted tumors were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting for expression of the invasion related enzyme, MMP-2 and MMP-9.\r The suppression of Stat3 activity in S3DN cell lines resulted in reduced motility,\r greater adhesion, and a less invasive phenotype in SCID mice. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting indicated higher levels of MMPs in the P9WT cells with\r expression localization towards the outer perimeter of the tumors. This data suggests\r that Stat3 plays a role in skin SCC invasion and better understanding of Stat3 function\r could lead to improved treatment and prevention of the disease.

本研究記錄本土種點刻三線大龍蝨(Cybistertripunctatus)生活史中各蟲期的形態特徵，並探討其生態棲位與動物行為。野外採集性別比♂:♀約1.51:1，從卵經一齡、二齡、三齡、蛹到成蟲約需71.44天。肉食性兼腐食性昆蟲，是水中的清道夫，成蟲主要是靠嗅覺採搜尋方式覓食，且雄性搜尋能力比雌性強。幼蟲口器內有麻醉功能，先採坐等策略再主動攻擊策略。成蟲會從前胸背板與頭部接縫處滲出乳藍白色液體，其對於水中脊椎動物具有傷害性，對於非脊椎動物則無影響。雌蟲偏好在水芋莖內產卵，且具分散風險的習性。成蟲是一種適應力很強(水陸空三棲)的水生昆蟲，若發現有點刻三線大龍蝨死亡的水體，其可能屬於重度汙染或表面水體有不透水物質覆蓋。另外，有鳴叫、彈跳等有趣行為。

Nematophagous fungi can form different kind of trapping device to trap the nematodes when they show off. They may play a role for control of the plant and animal parasitic nematodes as an alterative choice beside regular practice. We attempt to investigate the adhesive’s attributes and the genes that encode trapping structures. Now we have already constructed the Arthrobotrys musiformis Fosmid library which will play a vital resource for specific genes analysis, cloning and characterization in the future. We have chosen two genes encoding protease and superoxide dismutase from Arthrobotrys musiformis, respectively, and will be used as probes to screen the Fosmid library. The relevent clone(s) will be subject to restrictive enzyme disection, Southern blotting or even whole Fosmid 40kb DNA fragment sequencing to discover the interesting and paramount genes. 線蟲捕捉菌在線蟲出現時可以產生型態各異的捕捉構造，捕捉或黏著線蟲。它是防治線蟲的另類選擇。本實驗是由生物的分生觀點切入，希望能夠了解線蟲捕捉菌Arthroborys musiformis於捕捉網表面之黏液生化特性以及控制產生捕捉構造的基因。目前已完成建 Arthrobotrys musiformis之Fosmid library，並且選擇兩組探針：蛋白質?(protease)以及超歧氧化?(superoxide dismutase)，將以PCR進行基因探針之DIG標定，之後篩檢Fosmid library，選殖出相關clone，進行限制?切割，南方氏雜合特性分析或40kbDNA全序列分析，尋找相關基因以利下游實驗工作之進行。

在實際上的化學研究中，為了實用(材料，醫藥)目的，合成新化合物，並確定其原子排列結構，判斷其性質，一直是許多實驗室的研究方向之一，然而在合成化合物後，往往會助由x光照射晶體所得的繞射圖與數據，解出化合物的幾何結構(如鍵長、鍵角等)。近年來，由於電腦科技的進步，解晶體結構，已不像以往那麼需要寒繁瑣的計算。但化學家們是如何合成的新化合物養成良好晶體，以提供結構解析?因此本研究嘗試以幾種常見鹼金屬、鹼土金屬鹽類來養晶，試圖在不同方法與條件的控制下，養出具有簡單幾何外型的晶體歸納在水溶液中結晶的各階段變化況，並分析各結晶法的優劣，以提供相關研究人士參考。

在日常生活中，靜電無所不在，但是在一般的情況下，我們所能觀察到的靜電現象，卻是少之又少。偶然經過冷氣機，冷氣機的水滴滴答答的滴出，吵雜的水聲，這些水滴是否能被利用?又將應用在哪一方面?引發我們的興趣，偶然間發現的凱氏滴水器，也許能解答我們的疑惑，進而促成此次的科展研究。

My school requires year 13 students to complete a year long project of a topic of their choice, culminating in the presentation of a thesis, a display and speech to a public audience. Many different topics appealed, but in the end I decided to build a micro wind-turbine. I have always been fascinated with mechanics, mathematics, engineering, aerodynamics and electricity. A wind turbine is a mixture of these technologies, with the overall goal of electricity production. In a world that is starting to see the true costs of fossil fuels, renewable energy seems to be increasingly popular and the demand for electricity is always growing.\r I was aware that building a wind-turbine from the foundations up wouldn’t be easy. Many of the experts I contacted in the early days cautioned me against trying such a complex thing in one year, at the same time as completing a full Year 13 course. There were, however, people prepared to support me. Michael Lawley, who builds micro wind turbines in New Plymouth was very helpful, just full of priceless knowledge and gave me a few basic parts to start with. The knowledge gained from Doug Clark, who also builds his own 11 kW wind turbines, was such an inspiration. Later I had practical help from Wilson Springford and Darron Matthews.\r I investigated and documented the history of and current state of wind technology, as well as my own experience and learning in the design, construction and testing process. I thought it would be interesting to find out how the electrical and mechanical side works.\r The generator, a washing machine motor, needed to be completely rewired, and converted to DC (direct current) from AC (alternating current). I built my own 3-phase AC to DC converter.\r Other parts like the disc brakes and bearings had to be found. The rest was hand-made and every part, to a certain extent, had to be modified. Probably more than twenty braking system design attempts led to the final decision to incorporate the wind-activated hydraulic disc brake where the wind paddle starts to ease the brake on over a certain wind speed.\r I studied the dynamics of wind turbine blades, their shape, the material they were made from and how this affected their performance. The decision to make my own blades helped me gain a great sense of achievement and knowledge of blade design. I found some New Zealand made 100% recycled plastic pipe, an added bonus because I wanted to have minimal environmental impact. I designed the turbine with three blades to give better starting torque along with a lower top speed, perfect for how I wired the generator.\r I designed the swivel, the part of the wind turbine that enables the power cables to get from the turbine down the tower without twisting up and has the job of carrying the whole turbine, which is mostly made from recycled aluminium. The steel and bearings used to create the swivel were all second-hand parts and materials. The power from the turbine passes through the swivel into the cables and down the tower. The main mast of the tower is a little over 4.7 metres and pivots on two shorter supporting poles which go down around 2.6 metres to the bottom of the reinforced concrete foundation.\r I managed to, design and construct an operational prototype micro wind-turbine, incorporating recycled and recyclable materials as much as possible, with the end result surpassing all expectations.