複雜蜃景(Fata Morgana)專指擁有多重影像的特殊上蜃景，形成於高緯度海面上，也是「飛行荷蘭人」的主要成因。本研究主要藉由探討介質折射率梯度變化與觀察者高度位置等變因，釐清複雜蜃景形成與觀察的最佳條件。藉由控制高濃度糖水溶液擴散形成的密度梯度，我們在六十公分的水缸中重建出形成複雜蜃景的環境，主要是因為糖水溶液中的折射率梯度遠大於海面上空氣的逆溫梯度所造成之折射率變化。為了進一步解析光在複雜折射率介質中之行進模式，我們以綠雷射光入射糖溶液，在側向以相機紀錄光的行進軌跡，分析探討其折射現象。我們同時利用相機觀察放置於水缸另一側的模型船，藉以觀察實際蜃景的形成與演化。本研究中我們另發展一套光軌跡的模擬程式，以協助實驗的進行與驗證實驗的成果。藉由實驗與理論模擬相互映證，充分探討複雜蜃景的成像與形成的最佳條件。

My thesis focuses on studying Cretaceous microfossil specimens from the excavation of former brickworks in Štíty, especially foraminifera. In the theoretical part, I have covered the structure of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin area, especially Bystřice Lithofacial Development. I have also processed previous paleontological researches from the locality. Emphasis was placed on field research and subsequently on laboratory research of the site. I have examined the present state of the location and gathered samples of silt clay containing a wide variety of fossils. I have acquired the microfossils, determined them, and ordered them systematically. The most important part of the thesis is the systematic and palaeoecological processing of the collection of microfossils from the locality. The thesis continues the research of the last year of SOČ, where I have gathered a collection of fossil macrofauna, flora, and ichnofauna. My collection is supplemented mainly by benthic and planktonic foraminifers. I have confirmed that the specimens found are typical representatives of marine fauna belonging to the Upper Cretaceous Coniacian. The paleoecological characteristics of the locality correspond to a nutrient-rich shallow-water environment, occasionally disturbed by storm waves.

This study focuses on the pre-treatment of paper sludge ash (PSA) as a by-product of paper milling industry that contains high amount of calcium, yet low in silica. The presence of high calcium content in geopolymer system will accelerate the setting time of fresh geopolymer and may disrupt the development of its mechanical strength. Therefore, in this study, the refinement of PSA properties was conducted by treating raw PSA in hydrochloric acid solution with different molarities of 0.5 M, 1.0 M and 2.0 M. The pre-treatment process was mainly purposed to decrease the amount of calcium and other impurities through leaching mechanism. Based on the experimental results, 2.0 M hydrochloric acid solution (HCl) was determined as the optimum concentration due to its ability in removing higher amount of calcium from the ash, yet still able to increase the amount of silica. Compression test on the hardened properties of geopolymer specimen also showed the deceleration of fresh fly ash based geopolymer and produced a more workable fresh geopolymer.

In addition to adequate and balanced nutrition in the protection of human health, the reliability of consumed foods is also of great importance. When foods contact with the environment, they are undergoing many microbiological, physical and chemical changes such as moisture loss, aroma exchange, oxidation and contamination with microorganisms. So this changes reduce quality and shorten the shelf life. During cutting and processing of chicken meat, especially contamination on the surface causes deterioration of the meat starting from the surface and thus short shelf life. Though contamination of chicken meat surface is inevitable, growth of contaminant microorganisms can be inhibited and microorganisms can be killed. In recent years, increased risks of infection due to antibiotic-resistant microorganisms have forced the discovery of new and natural antibacterial materials. It is a new and advantageous approach to avoid environmental pollution caused by the use of food packaging and safety of food, prolongation of product shelf life by natural, edible, antibacterial biomolecules in packaging products. In the scope of the project, in order to produce an edible alginate gel containing the antimicrobial peptide nisin, which has an antibacterial property to prevent microbial growth on the surface of chicken meat, following steps was done;  Synthesis of calcium alginate and nisin immobilized calcium alginate beads  Optimization of immobilizing nisin in calcium alginate beads,  Characterization of nisin immobilized calcium alginate beads by ATR-FTIR Spectrum and SEM Analysis,  Determination of the antimicrobial activity of white meat product chicken which is coated by nisin immobilizing calcium alginate gel.

Markers have become essential in school and work life due to their great usefulness for teaching and homework. Despite the benefits they have brought, markers are the cause of great contamination from the ink manufacturing process to the excessive production of plastic. Ecological inks in markers and the innovative design of a refillable marker, allow to generate less pollution without having to stop using this product. From dyes created with coffee, fruits and vegetables that pass through different processes, natural inks arise that replace the use of polluting dyes. Likewise, implementing recycling plans in different institutions, markers that were no longer used were collected to be filled with ecological inks and used again. In addition, the excessive production of plastic is reduced by selling and refilling markers and ink kits.

921地震震波對高11-15層大樓產生重大危害。本研究以模型模擬11層大樓建築物，頂樓設置水塔配合陽台天花板設置水撲滿的雙阻尼消能系統設計，探討不同震度震波在雙阻尼系統減震成效。模擬之設備利用3D列印機自製水撲滿、不同形式網狀隔間液體阻尼零件，自製地震模擬器以電流調整器控制怠速馬達，進行模擬不同震度下高樓產生擺動與震盪之狀態與特性。 實驗發現單一阻尼消能元件的減震阻尼效能較差，雙阻尼消能系統可提升39％至58％減震阻尼效能。其中雙阻尼消能系統若有網狀隔間，水波擾動震盪越明顯，阻尼效能提升 6％至14％。11層大樓於頂樓設置平行器壁網狀隔間正方形水塔，並配合在第9至11層樓處，設置隔間距離較短網狀隔間水撲滿，二者水位設定六分滿，此液體雙阻尼減震消能系統，可抑制模擬震度5至7級震波對大樓產生的順向波動共振與大樓結構體的自主扭轉共振。

Research work on creating a lens, the optical power can be changed depending on human needs. Most people have visual impairments that need to be corrected with surgery or optical devices (glasses and contact lenses). The optical characteristics of the human eye vary depending on age, health, intensity of visual load. We propose to give people the opportunity to smoothly adjust the optical power of the spectacle lens by changing the transparent tubes between the two windows of transparent films. Experimental studies have shown the possibility of adjusting the optical power of the proposed line in a wide range. Existing devices and materials for changing the optical power of the line are analyzed. The design of a lens with variable optical characteristics is proposed, which is created from two window films, the space between which is filled with liquid. Publicly available materials for the outer shell of the lens and liquid for its filling. The effect of the amount of liquid to be filled on the optical power of the lens was experimentally determined. The formula for experimental finding of focal length of a lens is entered. Novelty is impossible because you can use the lens in another field. For example, in the future it is planned to perform an experiment with a lens system to create, for example, a telescope.

"When the Well is Dry, we will know the Worth of Water." Most of 埃及 and the world suffers from water and petrol shortage. With the current consumption rate, two-thirds of the world's population may face water shortages by 2025. These are water pollution, overpopulation, and agriculture, leading to wastewater from landfills and pipes that seep into the ground and may pollute the water, making it unfit for human consumption and waste more water. Besides, some accidents happen to water distribution and irrigation systems, causing a significant loss in water. According to the ministry of water resources, in 2016, the need for freshwater is 67 billion cubic meters. On the other hand, 埃及 receives only 55 billion cubic meters (2.6 billion cubic meters of them evaporate during runoff). Also, one of the wasting water methods in modern irrigation systems is water leakage from pipes as the water transmission and distribution lose about 31% of the produced water due to pipe leakage. Besides, every day more than 3.3 billion liters of treated water – 20 percent of the nation's supply and 234 million liters a day more than a decade ago – are lost through leaking pipes in England and Wales. Many reasons lead to leakage in pipes like water pressure, clogs, and corrosion. The leakage in pipes does not exist in the lines of water only. Also, the pipes in a petrol can cause dangerous accidents like the accident in the Bahira government that led to the death of 6 people and made 19 in a dangerous state. Our project designed a system that can detect fluid leakage and deal with it fast to prevent the wasting of fluid by using sensors and electronic circuits. Our system provides us with information about the fluid (like the amount of the flowing fluid and its speed). Therefore, if there is a difference in the reads, we understand that there is a leakage in this region, and the system will automatically stop the fluid flowing through the pipes. the system will locate all the leakage sites and send them to the mobile app with the amount wasted and the actions taken.

Food sustainability is key to human survival. Robotic solutions have started playing large roles in automating farming tasks in order to assist with crop yield and the efficiency of production. Due to the unreliability of and lack of manual labour in many parts of the world, Agribots are playing bigger roles. One of the biggest advantages of Agribots is that they can operate 24/7, 365 days a year without payment. Agribots are being used more often in dairy farms to milk cows while others are used to shear sheep. Agribots are fast becoming very important to farmers by gathering valuable data; milking cows; automating animal feed; measuring the right amount of pest control, detecting weeds and pests, harvesting and ploughing with unmanned tractors. In many parts of the world farm labour is scarce and difficult to come by. In 南非 for example farm labourers endure gruesome attacks. These attacks on farmers result in the closure of the farm for an extended period of time resulting in the loss of large quantities of crops. Food sustainability is dire in Africa and many parts of the world. “Each day, 25,000 people, including more than 10,000 children, die from hunger and related causes. Some 854 million people worldwide are estimated to be undernourished, and high food prices may drive another 100 million into poverty and hunger. . 90 percent of the world’s farms produce over 80 percent of the world’s food. They also manage about 75 percent of farmland worldwide. Yet, paradoxically, these farmers are often poor and food insecure themselves. Due to the increase in the world’s population annually, there is a growing demand for food. This has led to increasing pressure on farmers to produce crops. In order to meet this demand, farming innovations are vital for the future of food and agriculture. Constant innovations in agriculture is thus needed to constantly feed a growing and increasing population. Innovation in agriculture is also critical to help farmers use resources in better and more efficient ways. “Innovation is one of our best tools for creating a #ZeroHunger world.

The ability of microfluidic (MF) device technologies to provide a lot of information with a small amount of sample, the opportunities it offers increases their use in the medical field in the bedside monitoring in drug delivery systems. Three-dimensional (3D) printer technologies provide advantages such as cost-effectiveness in the production of MF devices and quick and easy production in intricate designs. In our project, it is aimed to design microfluidic pumps (MFP) to be used in the medical field and conduct its production with 3D printer technologies. The developed MFP is intended to be at low cost, bio-compatible, adaptable, and portable to the drug, suitable flow properties as a pharmaceutical pump. First of all, MFP air channel, flow channel, etc. parts were designed and printed with the help of a 3D printer and on AutoCAD, one of the professional drawing programs. The poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) membrane that will enable MFP activation is produced in different thicknesses and glued to the air channel of MFP. The resistance to the applied pressure is observed, and the appropriate membrane thickness is determined as ~ 235µm. Liquid PDMS was applied to the inner surfaces of MFP's air and flow channel, PDMS membrane was placed between them, and the parts were assembled in the oven at 60ºC. MFP has been connected to the pneumatic valve system, where operation codes have been prepared with Arduino Uno, and flow properties have been examined. The flow rate of MFP is ~ 50 µL/min at a maximum of 15 Hz, and the backpressure is ~ 0.085 Pa under a maximum pressure of 3 bar. Also, values such as size, membrane thickness, and applied pressure for the possible models of MFP were supported by theoretical calculations. As a result, MFP, which is biocompatible, drug adaptable, portable, wearable technology application potential, and has suitable flow characteristics as a pharmaceutical pump, has been developed. MFP introduced a microfluidic pump system that can make life easier for the patient and contribute to the national economy through domestic production and can be used as a drug pump in the treatment of diseases such as diabetes and cancer.

The Information Technology (IT) area has shown great growth in recent years, even with the economic recession that 巴西 has been through and the impact of the coronavirus pandemic. It is estimated that by 2024 the area will have a deficit of more than 290 thousand professionals. However, companies still face other difficulties in hiring, especially people who are looking for their first job in the Information Technology area. Most part of these difficulties are lack of qualified manpower and high prerequisites to fill internship or junior positions. As a result, the objective of this project is: to develop a platform that connects people who seek guidance, improvement or professional relocation in the Information Technology area with professionals that already have the experience they are seeking. The first step was a research and analysis of similar platforms in the market, whose proposal involves mentoring or professional connections, and it concluded that there are no services that fully meet the project’s proposal. In the second step, a research was done about mobile development, highlighting Flutter and Firebase platform. The third step defined the application’s features, such as suggestion of users and mentors, search for users, become a mentor, private chat, video calls, Portuguese and English languages, light and dark themes and profile customization. The suggestion of users and mentors is done by a match with the registered users, relating their areas of work (where the user has experience) and the areas of interest of each one. For the coding of the project, Flutter and Firebase technologies were used. To design the app, it followed Material Design specifications. For testing and distribution, the app was published on Play Store, Google’s Android application platform. The tests were performed by both the researcher and a selected group of users to verify if the functionalities were in accordance to what was defined in the beginning of the project. Perceiving the correct functioning of the application, the project achieved the proposed objective. In addition, it expanded its reach area, because it is possible to find users and mentors from any other area of the market.

This is the self-driving and navigating vehicle which follows a track. This robot is made by our group. We made this robot together assembling the parts. This robot is commonly used in industries to shift goods and product. In this robot we have arranged all the things also metal detector which buzz when a metal is detected under it. This robot helps a lot in industrial life and is also easy to make if we learn the steps. This robot also needs programming to make it work. The programming software used for it is known as Arduino IDE. This is the figure of this robot in industries. Here the people are keeping goods in the pickup and shifting them. This robot can also run in white track, only if we do the programming right for the white track. Nowadays in cars too this type of system is used like example: Tesla model X. In the car this system is used and to avoid the obstacles something named Lidar is used. To make this vehicle follow its track and the motor to run different things are used like IR Sensor, and L298N motor driver module respectively.