本研究利用自製包覆薄膜裝置，在濕粉圓表面包覆雙層海藻酸鈣薄膜(內層1.0%海藻酸鹽+外層0.5%海藻酸鹽)，經自然乾燥製成新型粉圓，可浸泡冷水不會崩解或破裂，且水分完全滲入粉圓內部僅需25分鐘；新型粉圓在泡水25分鐘後，其內部水分含量高達51.67%。新型粉圓要達到100%煮熟率之時間，僅乾粉圓的37.80%、濕粉圓的42.75%，省時效果十分明顯；而所消耗電能，僅乾粉圓的25.57%、濕粉圓的28.81%，節能效果極為顯著。新型粉圓經全質構分析(TPA)之彈性已達到商品化之水準，並經官能品評驗證，受試者對新型粉圓各項目之喜好程度均優於濕粉圓。最後，測試新型粉圓之水活性僅為0.684，其Aw值明顯低於一般微生物生長界限0.8，可在常溫下長時間貯存。

本研究主要探討塔粉綠尺蛾食草選擇與其葉內真菌之關係。觀察培養四種植物（烏臼、鵝掌柴、白匏子與島榕）葉內真菌，以真菌生長率、菌絲與孢子形態辨識真菌種類。當我們以烏臼葉內間座殼菌屬（Diaporthe sp.）真菌與不同植物放在一起時，幼蟲取食原為非食草的白匏子葉片，而島榕則有嘗試啃食之現象；此外，飼養過程中我們發現取食烏臼的塔粉綠尺蛾幼蟲糞便較其他種幼蟲易長出真菌，進行幼蟲糞便與消化道真菌培養後，皆有與葉內真菌相似的菌體形態。我們推測烏臼、葉內真菌與塔粉綠尺蛾間的交互作用關係之一可能為：烏臼透過葉內真菌誘使塔粉綠尺蛾雌蛾前往產卵，經幼蟲食用葉片後所排出之糞便以作為葉內真菌傳播的媒介。

The Information Technology (IT) area has shown great growth in recent years, even with the economic recession that 巴西 has been through and the impact of the coronavirus pandemic. It is estimated that by 2024 the area will have a deficit of more than 290 thousand professionals. However, companies still face other difficulties in hiring, especially people who are looking for their first job in the Information Technology area. Most part of these difficulties are lack of qualified manpower and high prerequisites to fill internship or junior positions. As a result, the objective of this project is: to develop a platform that connects people who seek guidance, improvement or professional relocation in the Information Technology area with professionals that already have the experience they are seeking. The first step was a research and analysis of similar platforms in the market, whose proposal involves mentoring or professional connections, and it concluded that there are no services that fully meet the project’s proposal. In the second step, a research was done about mobile development, highlighting Flutter and Firebase platform. The third step defined the application’s features, such as suggestion of users and mentors, search for users, become a mentor, private chat, video calls, Portuguese and English languages, light and dark themes and profile customization. The suggestion of users and mentors is done by a match with the registered users, relating their areas of work (where the user has experience) and the areas of interest of each one. For the coding of the project, Flutter and Firebase technologies were used. To design the app, it followed Material Design specifications. For testing and distribution, the app was published on Play Store, Google’s Android application platform. The tests were performed by both the researcher and a selected group of users to verify if the functionalities were in accordance to what was defined in the beginning of the project. Perceiving the correct functioning of the application, the project achieved the proposed objective. In addition, it expanded its reach area, because it is possible to find users and mentors from any other area of the market.

Nowadays, all blind people are able to read any type of text thanks to The Braille system, which is a system of reading by touch. The Braille system provides a good and important help to blind people but it’s not enough. They try to integrate into society, try to read and write the same as those blessed with sight. However, only 18% of people can actually write in Braille and doing so takes a lot of effort. While Braille techniques have existed for many years now, there isn’t one that takes advantage of the comfort and easiness of modern technology. To be fair and give more chances to the blind people, and with all the available technologies nowadays, we must find solutions and innovative ideas to fulfill this objective. And this is how our project was born. To be honest, it’s not just a project, for us it’s a dream. Our focus in this project is creating an automatic machine based on transforming our language to their language and transforming this new invention to assist the blind in writing whole texts through speaking. It will be easier than the traditional way. This part of the project will help us print Braille on paper automatically in the cheapest, fastest and easiest way, unlike the traditional method that not only takes a lot of time but also needs a professional. Our printer will only cost approximately 250$ compared to regular printers that cost 6500$! the principles of the code of the speech recognition are voice pickup in all languages as first step, second speech recognition, then speech translation, after that speech analysis and finally translation into Braille and printing it. As for the future, we will work on face, object and image recognition as a scanner to make the visually impaired people read the name of the object and recognize people’s faces like anyone else.

研究目的：脂肪肝的盛行率在全世界的現代化國家都在增加。病理醫師在評估脂肪肝的嚴重等級時，常缺乏參考意見以減少差異。許多地區也缺乏病理醫師。本研究旨在建立一個有效評估脂肪肝嚴重程度的病理組織學人工智慧模型。研究過程：本研究經由臺中榮民總醫院人體研究倫理審查委員會審核通過，篩選後取得病理資料庫中適合的肝臟組織切片，由兩位病理醫師獨立為肝組織中脂肪堆積的程度評分。再以病理醫師討論後的共識答案為分級標準，來訓練人工智慧模型。研究結果：在100個樣本的獨立測試中，人工智慧模型和病理專科醫師的評分，有71%完全相同、27%差異只有一個等級、2%差異2個等級、而沒有2個等級以上的差異。結論及應用：我們已初步建立一個可以評估脂肪肝嚴重程度的人工智慧模型。這模型可為將來人工智慧的臨床應用，建立一個良好的基礎。

方形盒盛透明液體，置放在冷源上方，液體發生熱擴散時，溫度由上往下逐漸下降，形成溫度梯度以及折射率梯度。雷射光照射和鉛直線成一定角度的玻棒透鏡，再穿過方形盒的透明液體時，在屏上形成斜直線，經一段時間的熱擴散後，變成曲線；曲線和斜直線的距離(h)，隨著時間(t)以及光線照射的位置(y)改變，作不同y的h-t圖可得知液體的熱擴散率狀況。 冷源的溫度0℃，分別用甘油和乙醇作待測液，得到的h-t圖，符合熱擴散推導出的h隨t改變的方程式；改用水當待測液，得到的h-t圖，就不符合熱擴散推導出的h隨t改變的方程式。改用-5℃的冷源，分別用水和氯化鈉水溶液作待測液，得到的h-t圖，不符合熱擴散推導出的h隨t改變的方程式。 用簡易的設備可以了解折射率梯度，溫度梯度，熱擴散率，以及液體的非線性熱擴散。

In Singapore’s evolving cyber landscape, 96% of organisations have suffered at least one cyber attack and 95% of organisations have been reporting more sophisticated attacks in the frame of one year according to a 2019 report[1] by Carbon Black. As such, more tools must be utilised to counter increasingly refined attacks performed by malicious actors. Honeypots are effective tools for studying and mitigating these attacks. They work as decoy systems, typically deployed alongside real systems to capture and log the activities of the attacker. These systems are useful as they can actively detect potential attacks, help cybersecurity specialists study an attacker’s tactics and even misdirect attackers from their intended targets. Honeypots can be classified into two main categories: 1. Low-interaction honeypots merely emulate network services and internet protocols, allowing for limited interaction with the attacker. 2. High-interaction honeypots emulate operating systems, allowing for much more interaction with the attacker. Although honeypots are powerful tools, its value diminishes when its true identity is uncovered by attackers. This is especially so with attackers becoming more skilled through system fingerprinting or analysing network traffic from targets and hence, hindering honeypots from capturing more experienced attackers. While substantial research has been done to defend against system fingerprinting scans (see 1.1 Related Work), not much has been done to defend against network traffic analysis. As pointed out by Symantec[2][3], when attackers attempt to sniff network traffic of the system in question, the lack of network traffic raises a red flag, increasing the likelihood of the honeypot’s true identity being discovered. In addition, the main concern with regards to honeypot deployment being their ability to attract and engage attackers for a substantial period of time, an increased ability to interest malicious actors is invaluable. Producing human-like network activity on a honeypot would appeal to more malicious actors. Hence, this research aims to build an intelligent web-surfer which can learn and thus simulate human web-surfing behaviour, creating evidence of human network activities to disguise the identity of honeypots as production systems and luring in more attackers interested in packet sniffing for malicious purposes.

This is the self-driving and navigating vehicle which follows a track. This robot is made by our group. We made this robot together assembling the parts. This robot is commonly used in industries to shift goods and product. In this robot we have arranged all the things also metal detector which buzz when a metal is detected under it. This robot helps a lot in industrial life and is also easy to make if we learn the steps. This robot also needs programming to make it work. The programming software used for it is known as Arduino IDE. This is the figure of this robot in industries. Here the people are keeping goods in the pickup and shifting them. This robot can also run in white track, only if we do the programming right for the white track. Nowadays in cars too this type of system is used like example: Tesla model X. In the car this system is used and to avoid the obstacles something named Lidar is used. To make this vehicle follow its track and the motor to run different things are used like IR Sensor, and L298N motor driver module respectively.

Recent studies showed that the probability of Taiwanese females developing breast cancer has risen dramatically over the past 30 years. We are now facing younger and more breast cancer patients in Taiwan. What makes the matter even more severe, is the fact that patients that take cancer treating medicine will suffer from its serious side effects, some may even lose the ability to reproduce. We hope to develop a new system that can help doctors and researchers develop new medicine for treating breast cancer, the way medicine cures cancer tumors are by attaching onto the infected cells’ receptors. After collecting MACCS data (converted from SMILES), the dataset will be used for training the machine learning program. Due to the problem of insufficient training data, we used an ensemble method to generate our machine learning model. Among the three basic ensemble techniques, Max Voting, Averaging, and Weighted Averaging. we selected the max voting technique to perform the prediction for this research. We created two separate datasets, positive and negative, the two datasets will later be used as training data for the program. We weren’t sure of the ratio of positive and negative in the training data, therefore we compare 40 different ratios and evaluate the results. By comparing the accuracy of the models, we found out that when the ratio between positive data and negative data is 1:3000, the machine learning program will have the highest precision. After we created the final model through voting among the 1000 models generated, we evaluate the precision of the model through the following methods, AUC, precision, recall. The ultimate goal of this research is to assist doctors and researchers shorten the process of developing and testing new medicines.

本實驗研發新型水膠細胞優化技術，成功提供一個平台供應淋巴細胞激活信號（MHC-antigen complex）、共刺激配體及細胞因子刺激三大要素，能激增殺手Ｔ細胞。實驗中優化的水膠細胞能完整保留細胞膜的表面特性，經實驗證實無生物安全性的疑慮。另外本實驗也著重於探討人工合成抗原細胞強韌度對T細胞增生程度的影響。我們利用水膠細胞易改變細胞質強韌度且不影響生物相容性的優點，針對T細胞增生程度進行比較。本研究結果顯示，高細胞質強韌度(120kPa)的人工合成抗原細胞（aAPCs, Artificial antigen presenting cells）擁有高效率的T細胞激活潛力，相對於低細胞質強韌度(25kPa)的對照組可以提高約51.2%，並達到顯著差異，推測其和收縮性及突出性絲狀肌動蛋白增加以致訊號增強有關。本實驗的新型水膠細胞優化技術提供臨床醫學免疫療法一個高潛力的新技術平台。

本研究利用海冰覆蓋面積的變化、北極震盪指數(Arctic Oscillation index, AOI)和南方震盪指數(Southern Oscillation index, SOI)的相關性，希望可以探討與聖嬰現象的關聯。 取用1950年到2020年的海冰覆蓋面積資料及195!年到2020年的SOI及AOI資料。我們將AOI和SOI做折線圖、X-Y圖，數據分成平常年、聖嬰前、聖嬰時、聖嬰後、反聖嬰前、反聖嬰時、反聖嬰後，試圖找出一些規則。利用區間分析來觀察區間範圍大小及上下界的數值隨不同事件發生的次序，探討各個事件的特徵。 聖嬰年時，區間縮小，反聖嬰年則區間略為放大且數值上升。最後將1997年聖嬰年的數據和區間做疊圖，並以2018年底到2020年的聖嬰轉反聖嬰來做驗證。若AOI的區間縮小、或海冰覆蓋面積下降後上升，表示可能是聖嬰現象要來的前兆。此外，本研究也發現，無法單獨區隔聖嬰年和反聖嬰年，兩者間會相互影響，應該要把聖嬰跟反聖嬰合併為一個氣候變化週期，才能做準確的預測。

NO.61-06 2022 DEC | 科學研習期刊目錄 本期專題 元宇宙 元宇宙融入教學的經驗｜張玉山、俞玲琍 運用以學習者為主體的教學策略探討教育元宇宙特性｜ 蔡芸琤、謝泓儒 多．元宇宙的層次與情境｜連育仁 萌發中的元宇宙教育｜李美惠、曾裕芬、洪啟軒、盧光倩 教學現場 如何讓中學生認識元宇宙和NFT的關係？｜楊士弘 我的船舶科學旅程｜吳明德 學童數位閱讀素養之教學初探｜林秀貞、呂玉環、蘇萬生 國際化的地震資料中心｜蕭乃祺、甘志文、莊雅婷 科學新知 聖嬰與反聖嬰期間，副高對於颱風路徑的影響探討｜吳明峯、陳鴻碩、李立言、林丹宇、江佳倫、王嘉琪 後疫情數位學習共享世代——歐洲數位教育發展之脈絡與實踐｜劉彥蘭 特約專欄 培育永續發展新世代公民的閱讀、教育與行動——簡介Nature Generation與Green Earth Book Award｜劉淑雯、黃明宏 森棚教官數學題──蜂窩六邊形｜游森棚 科普活動報導 直擊Meta 總部~元宇宙高峰會上體驗最新Quest pro，一起前進元宇宙的未來！｜連育仁 總召集人的話 選舉結束了，激情期間的許多的指控或是不確定的消息，當時來不及以科學的方式來驗證或是論證，激情過後是不是應該讓它隨風而逝，或是更應該實事求是的去檢視是誰在說謊？或是我們都要定期容許這些新聞的轟炸？還是我們要持續追查讓說謊者現出原形，有些懲罰機制讓這些錯誤的新聞未來不會或不敢再出現？透過有計畫的讓公民科學參與，讓真相具體釐清，將會是個很棒的科學傳播案例。另一個想法，與其選舉期間時時待在混亂的世界，可不可能有個世界讓自己更有想像，或是有個沒有假新聞的時空或是有個世外桃源，讓我們可以暫時避難其間？阿凡達電影有一些違反科學的呈現（例如墜落期間的低重力…）可能就是這樣的時空；元宇宙能幫我們實現嗎？ 元宇宙是最近熱門的話題，有許多的想像，也有期待的商機；當然，想像也跟現有科技對接上有一定的落差。虛實互通、完全整合是元宇宙的最大目標；有沒有可能無需很多大型科技裝置的協助就可以整合？畢竟如海森堡測不準原理般的，受觀測的粒子位置的不確定性越小則動量的不確定性越大，反之亦然；在一個位置上是無法準確觀測到粒子的動量。戴著一堆設備在身上去感受會有貼近元宇宙的感覺嗎？是不是有甚麼殺手級的作為可以讓人更容易融入虛實整合？本期的專題主題是元宇宙，希望透過各篇文章的報導，讓大家在想像的空間之外有個現實的考量，知道透過具體規劃去實現未知的想像還有多大的努力空間？例如，使用AR、VR、MR就等同元宇宙嗎？還是僅僅是符合元宇宙其中一個特性--「沉浸式體驗」？那「數位分身」、去中心化的「共識性價值體系」還有哪些可以開發的或是該努力的空間呢？元宇宙融入教學相關議題也有文章討論，元宇宙相關是否列入課綱？仍需考量既有的課綱是否已經扭曲變形（差排，dislocation），或是需要先把造成晶格變形的原子移除，回歸正常晶格，再來討論要插入的原子是否會再造成dislocation？ 臺灣有很多冠軍產業，隱身在許多工業區，可以製作許多世界冠軍級的關鍵性零組件；我們的教學也是可以把許多的機械元件設計、加工教得很透徹，學生考試也得高分；但是動手機會（如實驗課）就是因為加入太多”創新”課程因而受到擠壓而變少。如果把很多最好的機械元件兜在一起，不見得可以組裝出一個最佳的機器設備；主要問題是在小確幸之外缺乏系統整機的概念，缺乏整體宏觀設計的人才，這是需要產業有心、多方嘗試、需要時間培養的。然而，以現在偏移集中特定產業的趨勢、畢業生流動走向，在這韋伯分布下，要實現這個理想恐怕還有得等。再則，AI的高度發展，唬爛產生器或是報告產生器多元發展，恐讓學生在書寫能力上面的發展遲滯，未來的人類會不會如漫畫家筆下的癡肥呆，剩一張嘴就可以過日子？過度依賴科學工具的發展是好還是不好？特別是教育這個議題，有賴更多元的討論。 專題主題：元宇宙 〈元宇宙融入教學的經驗〉本文為元宇宙做了定義，也對軟體操作給了介紹，透過學生回饋也讓大家反思，透過科技工具的協助，讓大家往元宇宙的目標前進靠近；元宇宙相對應尚未發生的許多道德、法律的問題，是重要議題，有待事先思考預防。〈運用以學習者為主體的教學策略探討教育元宇宙特性〉使用AR、VR、MR就等同元宇宙嗎？看看摘錄自內文的文句，這篇文章很值得您詳加閱讀的。 「如何運用「以學習者為主體的教學策略（Human Based Learning, HBL）」，重新定義「教育元宇宙（Education Metaverse）」；讓教育 4.0 能因元宇宙逐步發展的過程，帶來實現的機會，而不只是多了 VR、AR、MR 融入教學，卻沒具體轉化成以學習者為中心的學習模式。…元宇宙邁向蓬勃發展，還有許多未知的可能正在逐步實現中，但許多人卻將虛擬實境、擴增實境、混合實境與元宇宙混在一起，甚至認為只要使用到以上實境（VR, AR, MR）就等於元宇宙。」 〈多．元宇宙的層次與情境〉科技技術的進步，元宇宙的應用也有許多想像，從遊戲延伸到展場、教室、企業與醫療等場域；運用虛擬輔助實體，將實體場域裡的主要元素搬到線上，改善教學或是會議或是其他情境現場因為疫情或是距離的影響而有的問題，例如，無法身歷其境、無互動感等等。戴上頭盔將發光源直接放在眼睛數公分前以獲得虛擬實境的體驗，是否有健康上的疑慮，也有待醫學上的研究及解釋。〈萌發中的元宇宙教育〉報導臺北仁愛科技中心在元宇宙人才培育上的作為，分享教學現場是如何邁開元宇宙教育的第一步。「AR 元宇宙新藝術創作競賽」在教師研習及學生競賽上都有許多經驗可供參考；仁愛科技中心提出許多策略及教學現場可行的作為。 教學現場 〈如何讓中學生認識元宇宙和 NFT 的關係？〉作者在十二年國教科技領域綱要國中資訊科技的學習表現有 「運算思維」和「設計思考」兩個面向的教學內容上加上NFT主題，讓學生能夠額外學習NFT。「體素藝術設計：NFT 項目仿作」以及「NFT 項目的設計與規劃」兩套課程的經驗分享值得讀者參考。〈我的船舶科學旅程〉以船為實體的目標，做為競賽、營隊、工作坊或是研習，不同階段受眾都可以透過知識面及工程規劃以及參與製作的過程，有所成長。吳明德老師分享在模型船活動經驗，讓同好可以學習精進。然而教育現場長期下來的「光說不練」也在製作課程進行過程中讓老師有感；如何在現有的課綱框架中，解決實驗課實習課變少或是都沒上過的窘境，是大家該思考的，畢竟學生時間就只有那麼多。〈學童數位閱讀素養之教學初探〉本文主要在介紹111年度柯華葳線上數位閱讀專題探究競賽，特別是線上探究歷程與相對應閱讀素養指標關係表，很值得閱讀。早期數位閱讀很像姜太公釣魚，願者上鉤；疫情爆炸，改變大家的學習型態及行為，數位閱讀已成常態，數位閱讀素養的能力指標唯有透過搜尋、瀏覽、整合去實踐，如何在眾多資訊中辨別真偽也是重要課題。 科學新知 氣象局掌管國內颱風、地震等重大氣象資訊的量測、模擬及資料庫；這些歷年來累積的龐大資料庫，是全球研究中，國際重要的資訊，也是未來做科學展覽的很重要來源，也是大數據時代非常重要的資料庫之一。〈國際化的地震資料中心〉本文主要在介紹氣象局於2020年開始建置的新一代符合先進國際標準的資料管理系統與服務平臺「臺灣地震與地球物理資料管理系統」（新GDMS），建置歷史及維運情形。透過建置標準化、自動化的資料典藏與服務系統為目標，提供數據具備完整性、通用性、即時性、國際性；使我國能成為國際地震資料中心之一 。〈聖嬰與反聖嬰期間，副高對於颱風路徑的影響探討〉颱風為臺灣帶來雨水，又有機會帶來災難，令人又愛又恨；氣象學家透過數據分析，探討聖嬰及反聖嬰期間，對副熱帶高壓強度以及勢力範圍產生影響，進而影響颱風的路徑；有助於氣象預報的強化。〈後疫情時數位創新時代：歐洲數位教育發展之策略研析〉主要在介紹歐盟於2018年提出的數位教育行動方案，目標於 2030 年前，提高電腦相關技能以及提升識字素養。也特別介紹歐洲數位教育夥伴平臺：European Digital Education Hub 歐盟官方的智庫、EPALE 歐洲成人學習電子平臺、以及Erasmus Mundus Association 網絡論壇平臺。 特約專欄 〈培育永續發展新世代公民的閱讀、教育與行動——簡介Nature Generation與Green Earth Book Award 〉今年是聯合國促進永續發展國際年（IYBSSD），國科會委由台師大邱美虹教授在全台各地有許多大型活動呼應這個嘉年華IYBSSD@TAIWAN。蚊子老師介紹永續主題的Nature Generation 及 Green Earth Book Award 綠色地球圖書獎、Green Earth Book Award 綠色地球圖書獎評選及五類獎項的得獎繪本介紹；透過綠色閱讀的教育與行動是環境保護與解決環境問題的有效途徑之一，也是作者拓展「閱讀、教育與行動」理念的有效作為。 〈森棚教官數學題〉巴斯卡三角形跟六邊形定理有啥關係？熟知的巴斯卡三角形還有其他的演繹形式，不可不知；快來接受挑戰吧！ 科普活動報導 〈直擊Meta 總部~元宇宙高峰會上體驗最新Quest pro,一起前進元宇宙的未來〉作者從報導的角度讓大家看到參加2022 年經濟學人元宇宙高峰會會議進行及報導元宇宙未來的發展。 總召編輯委員 - 李旺龍 關於本刊 出版單位：國立臺灣科學教育館 發行人：劉火欽 總召集人：李旺龍 編輯委員： 物理科吳仲卿/余進忠/戴明鳳/朱慶琪 | 化學科古建國/王伯昌/林如章/周金城/黃琴扉 | 生物科王美芬/蕭世輝/張育傑/辛懷梓/郭淑妙 | 地球科學許民陽/王郁軒/謝隆欽/盧孟明 | 科技科張玉山/汪殿杰/林育沖/徐新逸 | 數學科李源順/游森棚/嚴志弘/高欣欣 | 跨領域學科李名揚/劉淑雯/吳嫻/李芝瑜 | 特約專欄 游森棚/黃琴扉/陳正改/劉淑雯 策劃：李耕雲 主編：吳中益 本月專題特約主編：張玉山 編輯：佟冠誼 林博雅 網頁設計編輯：施曉恬 投稿規範請來信詢問：article@mail.ntsec.gov.tw