Cancer is responsible for an estimated 9.6 million deaths in 2018. Deaths from cancer worldwide are projected to reach over 13 million in 2030. Thus, developing a device that has the capability to solve today’s toughest global challenge is crucial by utilizing a simple yet robust approach - “SEEING THE UNSEEABLE” through bold innovation. Although removing cancer is much more effective than either radiation or chemotherapy, when unseen residual cancer cells remain, they could grow back into tumour overtime. The reoccurrence of cancer contributes to a greater risk of death. Hence, launching a system that is able to distinguish between the cancerous cell and normal cell is ultimately essential to make sure no cancer is left behind during surgery. This robust optical system is established with quantitative approach by exploring the integration of an algorithm into the developed software. The end result of this device has the capability to provide users an accurate numerical pH value. The developed system is integrated with the smart IoT gateway capability whereby this powerful analytical device is incorporated with the real-time monitoring, data transformation and data analyzer. Harnessing the power of technology lets us fight cancer better. Each time a pathologist analyzes tissue after operation, it can take up 2 to 3 days because the tissue has to be frozen, thinly sliced, and stained so it can be viewed under the microscope during the process of biopsy. Thus, it is crucial to invent this Surgeons’ VisionMetric device which has an IoT-based microcontroller that is capable of providing real-time numerical value on-site.

The main goal of this study was to address a variety of topics concerning the role of the Ih current in HCN channels of SHANK Wild-Type and Knock-Out Thalamus Neurons (as described further below). This research explored the cellular effects of sedation (like Dexmedetomidine) and laser light stimulations on the Ih current of neurons, as well as discovering novel biomarkers for detecting Autism Spectrum Disorder. This study also showed that methods (like utilizing laser therapy with and without various photosensitizers) have the potential in raising depressed Ih currents of SHANK Knock-Out neurons.

我們撰寫腦機介面程式，用低成本單電極的腦波儀讓智能車移動，實驗後發現專心度會隨著訓練而提高；在過程中看出每個人的腦波好像都不相同，所以嘗試從大量又凌亂腦波信號中萃取到四種有用的統計特徵值，再用近鄰演算法做生物辨識，正確率達到九成七以上，並實做出創新有趣具腦波解鎖應用的智慧家庭系統。此系統運用圖形的mblock、程序的C和交互式的Mathematica等程式語言，特色包含可傳訊息到手機上的緊急救難LINE通知功能和中文語音合成功能。設計出固定式的跌倒偵測和一氧化碳偵測裝置，與整合各種元件的腦波可控智能車，能自主偵測環境指標和災害意外指標並能適時提醒。我們相信唯有探索最難破解的大腦祕密，才能朝向直接用腦訊號控制和意識交流的方向前進。

NO.61-06 2022 DEC | 科學研習期刊目錄 本期專題 元宇宙 元宇宙融入教學的經驗｜張玉山、俞玲琍 運用以學習者為主體的教學策略探討教育元宇宙特性｜ 蔡芸琤、謝泓儒 多．元宇宙的層次與情境｜連育仁 萌發中的元宇宙教育｜李美惠、曾裕芬、洪啟軒、盧光倩 教學現場 如何讓中學生認識元宇宙和NFT的關係？｜楊士弘 我的船舶科學旅程｜吳明德 學童數位閱讀素養之教學初探｜林秀貞、呂玉環、蘇萬生 國際化的地震資料中心｜蕭乃祺、甘志文、莊雅婷 科學新知 聖嬰與反聖嬰期間，副高對於颱風路徑的影響探討｜吳明峯、陳鴻碩、李立言、林丹宇、江佳倫、王嘉琪 後疫情數位學習共享世代——歐洲數位教育發展之脈絡與實踐｜劉彥蘭 特約專欄 培育永續發展新世代公民的閱讀、教育與行動——簡介Nature Generation與Green Earth Book Award｜劉淑雯、黃明宏 森棚教官數學題──蜂窩六邊形｜游森棚 科普活動報導 直擊Meta 總部~元宇宙高峰會上體驗最新Quest pro，一起前進元宇宙的未來！｜連育仁 總召集人的話 選舉結束了，激情期間的許多的指控或是不確定的消息，當時來不及以科學的方式來驗證或是論證，激情過後是不是應該讓它隨風而逝，或是更應該實事求是的去檢視是誰在說謊？或是我們都要定期容許這些新聞的轟炸？還是我們要持續追查讓說謊者現出原形，有些懲罰機制讓這些錯誤的新聞未來不會或不敢再出現？透過有計畫的讓公民科學參與，讓真相具體釐清，將會是個很棒的科學傳播案例。另一個想法，與其選舉期間時時待在混亂的世界，可不可能有個世界讓自己更有想像，或是有個沒有假新聞的時空或是有個世外桃源，讓我們可以暫時避難其間？阿凡達電影有一些違反科學的呈現（例如墜落期間的低重力…）可能就是這樣的時空；元宇宙能幫我們實現嗎？ 元宇宙是最近熱門的話題，有許多的想像，也有期待的商機；當然，想像也跟現有科技對接上有一定的落差。虛實互通、完全整合是元宇宙的最大目標；有沒有可能無需很多大型科技裝置的協助就可以整合？畢竟如海森堡測不準原理般的，受觀測的粒子位置的不確定性越小則動量的不確定性越大，反之亦然；在一個位置上是無法準確觀測到粒子的動量。戴著一堆設備在身上去感受會有貼近元宇宙的感覺嗎？是不是有甚麼殺手級的作為可以讓人更容易融入虛實整合？本期的專題主題是元宇宙，希望透過各篇文章的報導，讓大家在想像的空間之外有個現實的考量，知道透過具體規劃去實現未知的想像還有多大的努力空間？例如，使用AR、VR、MR就等同元宇宙嗎？還是僅僅是符合元宇宙其中一個特性--「沉浸式體驗」？那「數位分身」、去中心化的「共識性價值體系」還有哪些可以開發的或是該努力的空間呢？元宇宙融入教學相關議題也有文章討論，元宇宙相關是否列入課綱？仍需考量既有的課綱是否已經扭曲變形（差排，dislocation），或是需要先把造成晶格變形的原子移除，回歸正常晶格，再來討論要插入的原子是否會再造成dislocation？ 臺灣有很多冠軍產業，隱身在許多工業區，可以製作許多世界冠軍級的關鍵性零組件；我們的教學也是可以把許多的機械元件設計、加工教得很透徹，學生考試也得高分；但是動手機會（如實驗課）就是因為加入太多”創新”課程因而受到擠壓而變少。如果把很多最好的機械元件兜在一起，不見得可以組裝出一個最佳的機器設備；主要問題是在小確幸之外缺乏系統整機的概念，缺乏整體宏觀設計的人才，這是需要產業有心、多方嘗試、需要時間培養的。然而，以現在偏移集中特定產業的趨勢、畢業生流動走向，在這韋伯分布下，要實現這個理想恐怕還有得等。再則，AI的高度發展，唬爛產生器或是報告產生器多元發展，恐讓學生在書寫能力上面的發展遲滯，未來的人類會不會如漫畫家筆下的癡肥呆，剩一張嘴就可以過日子？過度依賴科學工具的發展是好還是不好？特別是教育這個議題，有賴更多元的討論。 專題主題：元宇宙 〈元宇宙融入教學的經驗〉本文為元宇宙做了定義，也對軟體操作給了介紹，透過學生回饋也讓大家反思，透過科技工具的協助，讓大家往元宇宙的目標前進靠近；元宇宙相對應尚未發生的許多道德、法律的問題，是重要議題，有待事先思考預防。〈運用以學習者為主體的教學策略探討教育元宇宙特性〉使用AR、VR、MR就等同元宇宙嗎？看看摘錄自內文的文句，這篇文章很值得您詳加閱讀的。 「如何運用「以學習者為主體的教學策略（Human Based Learning, HBL）」，重新定義「教育元宇宙（Education Metaverse）」；讓教育 4.0 能因元宇宙逐步發展的過程，帶來實現的機會，而不只是多了 VR、AR、MR 融入教學，卻沒具體轉化成以學習者為中心的學習模式。…元宇宙邁向蓬勃發展，還有許多未知的可能正在逐步實現中，但許多人卻將虛擬實境、擴增實境、混合實境與元宇宙混在一起，甚至認為只要使用到以上實境（VR, AR, MR）就等於元宇宙。」 〈多．元宇宙的層次與情境〉科技技術的進步，元宇宙的應用也有許多想像，從遊戲延伸到展場、教室、企業與醫療等場域；運用虛擬輔助實體，將實體場域裡的主要元素搬到線上，改善教學或是會議或是其他情境現場因為疫情或是距離的影響而有的問題，例如，無法身歷其境、無互動感等等。戴上頭盔將發光源直接放在眼睛數公分前以獲得虛擬實境的體驗，是否有健康上的疑慮，也有待醫學上的研究及解釋。〈萌發中的元宇宙教育〉報導臺北仁愛科技中心在元宇宙人才培育上的作為，分享教學現場是如何邁開元宇宙教育的第一步。「AR 元宇宙新藝術創作競賽」在教師研習及學生競賽上都有許多經驗可供參考；仁愛科技中心提出許多策略及教學現場可行的作為。 教學現場 〈如何讓中學生認識元宇宙和 NFT 的關係？〉作者在十二年國教科技領域綱要國中資訊科技的學習表現有 「運算思維」和「設計思考」兩個面向的教學內容上加上NFT主題，讓學生能夠額外學習NFT。「體素藝術設計：NFT 項目仿作」以及「NFT 項目的設計與規劃」兩套課程的經驗分享值得讀者參考。〈我的船舶科學旅程〉以船為實體的目標，做為競賽、營隊、工作坊或是研習，不同階段受眾都可以透過知識面及工程規劃以及參與製作的過程，有所成長。吳明德老師分享在模型船活動經驗，讓同好可以學習精進。然而教育現場長期下來的「光說不練」也在製作課程進行過程中讓老師有感；如何在現有的課綱框架中，解決實驗課實習課變少或是都沒上過的窘境，是大家該思考的，畢竟學生時間就只有那麼多。〈學童數位閱讀素養之教學初探〉本文主要在介紹111年度柯華葳線上數位閱讀專題探究競賽，特別是線上探究歷程與相對應閱讀素養指標關係表，很值得閱讀。早期數位閱讀很像姜太公釣魚，願者上鉤；疫情爆炸，改變大家的學習型態及行為，數位閱讀已成常態，數位閱讀素養的能力指標唯有透過搜尋、瀏覽、整合去實踐，如何在眾多資訊中辨別真偽也是重要課題。 科學新知 氣象局掌管國內颱風、地震等重大氣象資訊的量測、模擬及資料庫；這些歷年來累積的龐大資料庫，是全球研究中，國際重要的資訊，也是未來做科學展覽的很重要來源，也是大數據時代非常重要的資料庫之一。〈國際化的地震資料中心〉本文主要在介紹氣象局於2020年開始建置的新一代符合先進國際標準的資料管理系統與服務平臺「臺灣地震與地球物理資料管理系統」（新GDMS），建置歷史及維運情形。透過建置標準化、自動化的資料典藏與服務系統為目標，提供數據具備完整性、通用性、即時性、國際性；使我國能成為國際地震資料中心之一 。〈聖嬰與反聖嬰期間，副高對於颱風路徑的影響探討〉颱風為臺灣帶來雨水，又有機會帶來災難，令人又愛又恨；氣象學家透過數據分析，探討聖嬰及反聖嬰期間，對副熱帶高壓強度以及勢力範圍產生影響，進而影響颱風的路徑；有助於氣象預報的強化。〈後疫情時數位創新時代：歐洲數位教育發展之策略研析〉主要在介紹歐盟於2018年提出的數位教育行動方案，目標於 2030 年前，提高電腦相關技能以及提升識字素養。也特別介紹歐洲數位教育夥伴平臺：European Digital Education Hub 歐盟官方的智庫、EPALE 歐洲成人學習電子平臺、以及Erasmus Mundus Association 網絡論壇平臺。 特約專欄 〈培育永續發展新世代公民的閱讀、教育與行動——簡介Nature Generation與Green Earth Book Award 〉今年是聯合國促進永續發展國際年（IYBSSD），國科會委由台師大邱美虹教授在全台各地有許多大型活動呼應這個嘉年華IYBSSD@TAIWAN。蚊子老師介紹永續主題的Nature Generation 及 Green Earth Book Award 綠色地球圖書獎、Green Earth Book Award 綠色地球圖書獎評選及五類獎項的得獎繪本介紹；透過綠色閱讀的教育與行動是環境保護與解決環境問題的有效途徑之一，也是作者拓展「閱讀、教育與行動」理念的有效作為。 〈森棚教官數學題〉巴斯卡三角形跟六邊形定理有啥關係？熟知的巴斯卡三角形還有其他的演繹形式，不可不知；快來接受挑戰吧！ 科普活動報導 〈直擊Meta 總部~元宇宙高峰會上體驗最新Quest pro,一起前進元宇宙的未來〉作者從報導的角度讓大家看到參加2022 年經濟學人元宇宙高峰會會議進行及報導元宇宙未來的發展。 總召編輯委員 - 李旺龍 關於本刊 出版單位：國立臺灣科學教育館 發行人：劉火欽 總召集人：李旺龍 編輯委員： 物理科吳仲卿/余進忠/戴明鳳/朱慶琪 | 化學科古建國/王伯昌/林如章/周金城/黃琴扉 | 生物科王美芬/蕭世輝/張育傑/辛懷梓/郭淑妙 | 地球科學許民陽/王郁軒/謝隆欽/盧孟明 | 科技科張玉山/汪殿杰/林育沖/徐新逸 | 數學科李源順/游森棚/嚴志弘/高欣欣 | 跨領域學科李名揚/劉淑雯/吳嫻/李芝瑜 | 特約專欄 游森棚/黃琴扉/陳正改/劉淑雯 策劃：李耕雲 主編：吳中益 本月專題特約主編：張玉山 編輯：佟冠誼 林博雅 網頁設計編輯：施曉恬 投稿規範請來信詢問：article@mail.ntsec.gov.tw

It is known that copper foil undergoes a color change in heating by oxide thin layer formation. Therefore, we focused on the color change by the oxidation of brass foil. Brass foil (Akaguchi (Cu87%Zn13% alloy) and Aoguchi (Cu85%Zn15% alloy)) also undergoes color change by oxidation, and it shows heating time and temperature dependence. Brass foil need longer heating time to appear color change than copper foil, and we can visually confirm that the brass has corrosion resistant. In addition, color change of brass foil depends on the percentage of copper in the brass, and Aoguchi shows rapidly color change in same heating condition. We show that brass has different physical properties than copper, even with a high percentage of copper in brass, and this was verified through comparison using diffusion length and RGB data in Aoguchi and Akaguchi. We demonstrate these colored brass foils are used as art materials, and our results expanded material using possibility of brass foil.

This research project focuses on developing a web-based multi-platform solution for augmenting prognostic strategies to diagnose breast cancer (BC), from a variety of different tests, including histology, mammography, cytopathology, and fine-needle aspiration cytology, all in an automated fashion. The respective application utilizes tensor-based data representations and deep learning architectural algorithms, to produce optimized models for the prediction of novel instances against each of these medical tests. This system has been designed in a way that all of its computation can be integrated seamlessly into a clinical setting, without posing any disruption to a clinician’s productivity or workflow, but rather an enhancement of their capabilities. This software can make the diagnostic process automated, standardized, faster, and even more accurate than current benchmarks achieved by both pathologists, and radiologists, which makes it invaluable from a clinical standpoint to make well-informed diagnostic decisions with nominal resources.

Tissue engineering has developed novel therapies such as many types of wound dressings, bio-pads, scaffolds and bandages, in order to reduce the effects of deep and extensive skin wounds. Here, we have produced an electrospun nanofiber scaffold, based on biodegradable materials such as gelatin (as a natural and hydrophilic polymer) and cellulose diacetate (with optimal biodegradability), in order to increase wound healing using nanotechnology. We also used green tea extract for its anti-oxidant and anti-bacterial effect, to improve the biological properties of the scaffold. In the fabrication process, two polymer solutions: 1. Gelatin (with acetic acid solvent) and 2. Cellulose Diacetate (with acetone solvent) mixed with green tea extract, were prepared. Then they were spun using a two-nozzle electrospinner to produce a hybrid nanofiber scaffold. SEM images showed enough finesse and uniformity of the produced scaffold to simulate the extracellular matrix. Further, measuring the contact angle of water droplet and the web surface, indicated optimal hydrophilicity of the nanofiber scaffold, which controls the level of scaffold degradability and cell adhesion. Also, the results of antibacterial tests for two bacterial strains (E. coli and S. aureus) showed the antibacterial characteristics of the extract-containing scaffold. In addition to previous tests, evaluation of fibroblast morphology on the nanofiber scaffolds, indicated appropriate cell adhesion and expansion, that confirms the biocompatibility of this produced scaffold.

In all experiments for detection of WIMP dark matter, it is essential to develop a classifier that can distinguish potential WIMP events from background radiation. Most often, clas- sifiers are developed manually, via physical modeling and empirical optimization. This is problematic for two reasons: it takes a great deal of time and effort away from developing the experiment, and the resulting classifiers often perform suboptimally (which means that a greater amount of expensive run time is required to obtain a confident experimental result). Machine learning has the potential to automate this and accelerate experimentation, and also to detect patterns that humans cannot. However, two major challenges, which are shared among several dark matter experiments, stand in the way: impure calibration data, which hinders training of models, and unpredictable physical dynamics within the detector itself. My objective was to develop a set of machine learning techniques that address these two problems, and thus more efficiently generate highly accurate classifiers. I was able to obtain raw data for two dark matter experiments which exhibit these challenges: the PICO-60 bubble chamber [2], and the DEAP-3600 liquid argon scintillator [1]. For each experiment, I developed and compared three general-purpose algorithms intended to resolve its inherent challenge (impurity and unpredictable dynamics, respectively). In PICO-60, background alpha and WIMP-like neutron calibration datasets are used for training; however, there is an impurity of 10% alphas in the neutron set. While a conventional classifier was developed (and is believed to be 100% accurate), machine learning in the form of a supervised neural network (NN) has also been previously explored, because of the benefits of automation. Unfortunately, it achieved a mean accuracy of only 80.2% – not usable as a practical replacement for conventional methods in future iterations of the experiment. In DEAP-3600, photons are absorbed by a wavelength shifting medium and re-emitted in an unpredictable direction, before being detected by one of 255 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) around the spherical detector. The randomness severely limits the accuracy of conventional classifiers; in a simulation, the best so far removes 99.6% of alpha background, while also (undesirably) removing 91.0% of WIMP events. Because of physical limitations, simulated data is used for calibration, with 30 real-world experimental events available for testing. I have written a research paper [11] about my work on PICO-60, which has been approved by the PICO collaboration and pre-published at https://arxiv.org/abs/1811.11308. It is currently undergoing peer review for publication in Computer Physics Communications. All PICO researchers are listed on my paper for their work on the original PICO-60 experi- ment. They did not contribute to this study; I completed and documented it independently.

尿酸氧化酶參與嘌呤代謝，然人類尿酸氧化酶基因已退化，易使過量尿酸沉積於關節造成痛風，近年來微生物源尿酸氧化酶之酵素工程改良，逐漸被應用於尿酸檢測與降解藥物，因此具極高研發價值。 本研究針對微生物源尿酸氧化酶進行基因體探勘，篩選出抗輻射奇異球菌(Deinococcus radiodurans)及耐熱雙球桿菌(Thermobispora bispora)源尿酸氧化酶基因，以蛋白質異源表現與金屬螯合層析法純化取得重組尿酸氧化酶，進行酵素動力學、熱穩定分析、結構解析、金屬離子耐受性分析與尿酸檢測應用。在最佳反應條件下，抗輻射奇異球菌源酵素於30 ℃之Km與Kcat為679.03 μM, 30.33 s-1；耐熱雙球桿菌源酵素於70 ℃之Km與Kcat為191.31 μM, 12.85 s-1。此外，我們已解析耐熱雙球桿菌源尿酸氧化酶結構，發現其羧基端之特異性構型可能與熱穩定性有關。本研究以此兩種尿酸氧化酶為酵素工程改良標的，盼未來能研發作為快速篩檢與臨床治療之生物替代藥物。

My thesis focuses on studying Cretaceous microfossil specimens from the excavation of former brickworks in Štíty, especially foraminifera. In the theoretical part, I have covered the structure of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin area, especially Bystřice Lithofacial Development. I have also processed previous paleontological researches from the locality. Emphasis was placed on field research and subsequently on laboratory research of the site. I have examined the present state of the location and gathered samples of silt clay containing a wide variety of fossils. I have acquired the microfossils, determined them, and ordered them systematically. The most important part of the thesis is the systematic and palaeoecological processing of the collection of microfossils from the locality. The thesis continues the research of the last year of SOČ, where I have gathered a collection of fossil macrofauna, flora, and ichnofauna. My collection is supplemented mainly by benthic and planktonic foraminifers. I have confirmed that the specimens found are typical representatives of marine fauna belonging to the Upper Cretaceous Coniacian. The paleoecological characteristics of the locality correspond to a nutrient-rich shallow-water environment, occasionally disturbed by storm waves.

In today's world, medicine is very advanced, thanks to which many diseases that were previously considered incurable, are now treated almost all over the world. But, unfortunately, some diseases are still incurable and can only facilitate their course. One such disease is Raynaud's disease or Raynaud's syndrome. Statistics show that worldwide the percentage of patients with this disease is 3-4%. Raynaud's disease is a paroxysmal spasm of the arteries of the fingers of the hand, rarely the feet when cooling the extremities. As mentioned earlier, this disease is incurable. That is why the creation of a device that can help people overcome many inconveniences due to the inability to stay in the cold without gloves or the problem of discomfort in heated gloves is relevant. And one of the solutions to this problem is to create special heated gloves. This work is also relevant, because even existing treatments, such as medication and conservative, do not completely solve the problem of reducing the sensitivity of the hands when cooled or even the slightest moisture on the palms. Also, these methods are very expensive, so our device will be cheaper and more affordable than existing ones. When using our gloves together with the two already mentioned methods, the treatment will be more effective. Unfortunately, medical and conservative treatments will lead to complications over time, so we not only maintain sensitivity in the hands, but also prevent further amputation of the upper extremities and the emergence of human health problems associated with the effects of drugs on the whole body. Nowadays, people work hard to be able to live well, but it is difficult for people with Raynaud's phenomenon to do so, as the sensitivity of the upper extremities decreases during the exacerbation of the disease. It is important for us to maintain the sensitivity of the hands by normalizing the thermal balance of the hands, which leads to the elimination of spasms of the atria of the hand. The aim of the work is to create a simple and effective means to normalize and maintain the thermal balance of the upper extremities, in order to reduce the loss of sensitivity of the hands in patients, as well as reduce the likelihood of spasms of the arteries of the fingers. The subject of the study is the course of Raynaud's disease and the current treatments for it. The aim of the study is the creation of special gloves that can stop spasms of arteries and maintain blood flow in them by balancing the heat balance in the hand, and depriving patients of the disease during their wearing During the work the following tasks were set: - to theoretically investigate the peculiarities of Raynaud's disease; - to analyze the existing clothes on the market with heating; - to develop and improve its own design of heated gloves, which will be affordable and easy to use. - calculate the cost of gloves taking into account all factors

本研究由布拉美古塔定理(Brahmagupta theory)的圓內接四邊形的布拉美古塔線，找出二種具有內切圓性質的新衍生四邊形，此特定條件下的圓內接四邊形，會呈現是等腰梯形結構。將特定條件下的圓內接四邊形推廣至特定圓內接五、六、七、八、……、等n邊形中，可發現在多組正交對角線條件下，這些特定圓內接n邊形間具有遞迴關係數量的內切圓，其半徑之間、各自的圓面積與原外接圓面積都有特殊的比例關係。上述衍生多邊形的頂點、內切圓圓心、原圓內接多邊形的對角線與其交點，這些元素間也具有多點共圓的性質。