In 2016, the population of people over the age of 65 in Macau was 11.2%. This means that Macau has already become an aging society. As such, more younger generations are needed to look after the elderly. According to statistics, falls are the primary cause of injury or death for the elderly over 65 years old. About 30% of the elderly over 65 years old fall every year. Along with the increase in the elderly population, it is urgent to find a fast and effective way to ensure the safety of the elderly. As there is a lot more danger besides falling in an elderly life, we aim to build a robot collocated with its danger detection system to ensure the safety of the elderly at home. The reason we decided to use robots is that we want to have larger flexibility and mobility, for example, we can give elderly rescue materials when they need help. Moreover, more home robots will be used in the future, they can just apply our system to theirs and ensure the safety of elderlies. In this research, we mainly used cameras with the Openpose model to detect dangers such as falling, potential human action danger, and environmental danger. Innovative ways are used to detect fall action, collocated with our home robot, it is a foreseeing project that could ensure the safety of the elderly in a home environment.

Unaffordable healthcare and excessive plastic waste are both alarming issues that are plaguing modern society. Recent studies conducted by the World Health Organisation (WHO) report that about 15% of the world's population suffer from a form of disability, of which 50% of the demographic cannot afford adequate health care. Furthermore, 8 million metric tons of plastic annually enter our oceans (apart from the 150 metric tons that currently circulate our oceans!). In conjunction to the global plastic pollution crisis, unnecessary invasive surgery is currently being done on amputees. Many of these desperate patients are forced to pay exorbitant prices in order to live a normal life with bionic prosthetics. The solution… Project Limbs - an EEG, 3D printed prosthetic printed from recycled plastic. Signal processors will be implemented to build an affordable and easy-to-use ‘mind controlled prosthetic hand’, that requires no invasive surgery.

Research Question or Engineering Problem A stroke continues to be the most important medical and social problem of the modern world. Stroke is a type of acute cerebrovascular accident (ACVA) and is characterised by a sudden (within minutes, less often - hours) appearance of focal neurological symptoms (motor, speech, sensory, coordinating, visual and other disorders) and / or general brain disorders (depression of consciousness, headache, vomiting, etc.) that persist for more than 24 hours or lead to death of the patient in a short period of time due to a cause of cerebrovascular origin. There are two clinical and pathogenetic forms of stroke: ishemic stroke (cerebral infarction) is caused by acute focal cerebral ischemia, leading to infarction (zone of ischemic necrosis) of the brain; hemorrhagic stroke (non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage) is caused by rupture of an intracerebral vessel and blood penetration into the brain parenchyma or rupture of an arterial aneurysm with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). ACVA also includes transient disorders of cerebral circulation, characterised by the sudden occurrence of focal neurological symptoms that develop in a patient with cardiovascular disease (arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, atrial fibrillation, vasculitis, etc.), last for several minutes, less often hours, but no more than 24 hours, and ends with a full restoration of the impaired brain functions. Transient disorders of cerebral circulation include: transient ischemic attack (TIA), which develops as a result of short-term local cerebral ischemia and is characterised by sudden transient neurological disorders with focal symptoms; hypertensive cerebral emergency, which is a condition associated with an acute (usually significant) rise in blood pressure (BP) and accompanied by the appearance of general cerebral (less often focal) neurological symptoms secondary to hypertension. The most severe form of hypertensive crisis is acute hypertensive encephalopathy, the basis of pathogenesis of which is cerebral edema. Cerebral infarction generally is the result of the interaction of many etiopathogenetic factors, which can be subdivided into local and systemic ones. Local factors include: morphological changes in the brachiocephalic or intracerebral arteries (pathological tortuosity, etc.), atherosclerotic lesions of the vessels of the aortic arch and cerebral arteries, cardiac lesions as a source of thromboembolic cerebral infarctions, fibromuscular dysplasias of the walls of the brachiocephalic and cerebral arteries, brachiocephalic artery dissection, vasculitis (arteritis), changes in the cervical spine with the formation of extravasal compression of the vertebral arteries, anomalies in the structure of the vessels of the neck and brain (hypoplasia of the vertebral artery, trifurcation of the internal carotid artery), etc. Systemic factors include: disorders of central and cerebral hemodynamics (a sharp change in BP or a decrease in cardiac output, etc.), hereditary and acquired coagulopathies, polycythemia, certain forms of leukemia, hypovolemia, psychoemotional stress / distress, etc., hypercoagulative / hyperaggregatory side effects of a number of medications (oral contraceptives, etc.). In the 俄羅斯n Federation, more than 500 thousand people have a stroke every year. About 25,000 new cases of stroke occur in St. Petersburg every year. The incidence of stroke in the 俄羅斯n Federation is 3.48 ± 0.21 cases per 1000 people. The incidence of various types of ACVA varies widely, in particular, cerebral infarctions account for 65–75%, hemorrhages (including subarachnoid hemorrhages) – 15–20%, transient cerebral circulation disorders account for 10–15%. The frequency of cerebral strokes in the population over 50–55 years old increases by 1.8–2 times in each subsequent decade of life. Medical and socio-economic consequences of ACVA are very significant, in particular, death in the acute period of stroke occurs in 34.6% cases, during the first year after the end of the acute period in 13.4% cases; severe disability with the need for constant care is present in 20.0% of stroke patients; 56.0% have limited working capacity and only 8.0% return to their previous work activity. Disability due to stroke (the national average is 56–81%) in our country ranks first among all causes of primary disability, amounting to 3.2 per 10 thousand people. Stroke mortality among working-age population has increased in the 俄羅斯n Federation by more than 30% over the past 10 years. The annual death rate from stroke in our country is 175 per 100 thousand people. Stroke annually becomes the main cause of disability: 85% of victims experience a decrease in strength or a complete lack of ability to control the muscles of half of the body and only half of them recover limb functions partially or completely; the rest of those who have suffered a stroke remain paralysed and require care, since they are not able to completely independent existence. In this regard, recently, in the process of rehabilitation, the technology of brain-computer interfaces (BCI) has begun to be actively used. on the basis of this technology exercise machines are created. These exercise machines are controlled directly by the patient himself. This feature of the technology increases the effect of the procedure by providing a direct connection between the patient's desire and effort with the work of the simulator. The greatest development of this technology is observed in the field of medicine, where BCIs are used as a means of communication or as one of the tools of neurorehabilitation. In this regard, it seems very promising to develop the most optimal brain-computer interfaces. The goal of our project was to create an automated training complex in the form of a neuro-controlled glove with tactile feedback, designed to simplify access to rehabilitation means.

The quick increasing energy consumption arouses the interest in the development of power storages. Electrochemical supercapacitor is one of clean and sustainable candidates of energy storage system, and porous carbons are the most potential candidate as electrode materials for electrochemical supercapacitor because of their large surface areas, high chemical and physical stability, good conductivity, as well as low cost. In this work, we synthesized the mesoporous carbons by using ZnO nanoparticles as sacrificing template via nano-casting synthetic process and natural porous carbon materials. The synthesized porous carbon has a mesoporous structure. Because the surface area and pore size of the synthesized mesoporous carbon are larger than that of the coconuts fiber-derived carbon, the CV plots show that the synthesized mesoporous carbon has a good rectangular shape and a much better performance than that of the coconuts fiber-derived carbon. We also develop an easy way to discriminate how well a supercapacitor works. We applied these porous carbon-based electrodes on both handmade as well as the commercial capacitors and measured their electrical performances. The handmade EDLC is less efficient than the commercial capacitor.

NO.62-01 2023 FEB | 科學研習期刊目錄 本期專題 大家的數學 漫談無限 | 李源順 值得再三玩味的黃金比例 | 賴以威 用數學論公平 | 陳宏賓 藝數摺學－一個可以從小玩到大的活動：哥倫布方塊 | 李政憲、李慧玲 貓是液體！鑲嵌與解剖的幾何魔數 | 張惟淳 教學現場 六年級學生數學詩學習之分析 | 孫國光 學生的課程反思初探 | 陳玉珊 跑馬拉松算數學！ | 李祐宗 科學新知 退火（Annealing）是什麼？ | 舒宇宸 特約專欄 不斷追問的問號：以問題為創作之始的作家梅麗莎‧史都華（Melissa Stewart） | 劉淑雯、林吟霙 森棚教官數學題──換汽水 | 游森棚 總召集人的話 過完很長的農曆年假，要如何讓自己收心？回顧自己二十多年來的研究歷程，都離不開數學；我們高中物理藉由運動中物體質量集中在質心的假設來學習運動學，我們在大學時得以透過常微分方程的建模，來重新認識運動方程式；真實的世界中又有更多複雜的問題需要描述，偏微分方程就可以貢獻更多，從彈性力學、流體力學、電磁學…到電子學的擴散理論都離不開偏微分方程。數學一直是生活的日常，從水龍頭的一滴水滴下、眨眼鋪上淚液、隱形鏡片跟淚液的力學、蓮葉上的露珠、下雨是打不中蚊子的、滴下的露水困住螞蟻、關節軟骨的潤滑液體流動、硬碟機跟水幫浦中的軸承、滾珠軸承中鋼珠的變形與隔開咬牙切齒間的口水、電動車馬達電磁鋼片的製程與電磁爐、煮溫泉蛋跟糖心蛋、煎肉餅到生魚片的解凍等等，都離不開數學。 數學是科學之母，數學的結構是很嚴謹的，能把嚴謹的數學寫的生動有味道的，必須在如何弱化嚴謹的程度以及維持應有的邏輯之間有所拿捏；因此本期的每一篇都值得大家列印出來細細品味。 〈漫談無限〉一文從生活中的無限談起、接續著數學上的無限、循環小數的演示與極限的概念、希爾伯特的旅館悖論跟Zeno的二分法悖論、直觀的檢查無理數是有理數數量還多的、可數的無限跟不可數的無限、幾何學上的無限、到物理學和天文學上的無限，最後以莫比烏斯環作為比喻宇宙之無限的概念。閱讀本文會開拓您對字面上意義的認知，李源順老師讓大家認識數學就是無限的科學。 熟悉代數運算的大人們遇見算術問題的解釋，就突然間發現需要回到童年時期的思考。國小的數學教育是很具挑戰性的，如何在先備知識不多的情境之下逐步建構學生的知識體系?半條蛋糕平分給四個人，要如何表達有感的分數教學?如何透過生活情境、學習需求及操作有感的學習啟動小學三年級的小數啟蒙教學?還有高年級的分數除法，結合數感理論的讓學生說、讓學生畫圖、讓學生舉例等教學策略，引導學生有感的數學學習。 課堂上要吸引學生的目光需要好的任務設計，如何透過活動及遊戲在競爭中增加挑戰性，還要從玩樂中增強學生數學的準備度?看見格子點---高中數學的探究與實作是思考與探究的很好例子，很值得讀者拿起鉛筆，跟著做一遍，動腦歸納動手畫。切割及拼布問題--朝三暮四，是講縫紉商透過適當切割正三角形拼布，再重新拼組為正方形的問題；透過討論四種不盡相同的正方形切割重拚為正三角的組法，並比較不同切割方式的差異性，非常有趣，看了好想跟著動手裁切拼裝。 〈值得再三玩味的黃金比例〉賴以威老師透過追本溯源從黃金比例的來源及定義開始整個有趣的故事，從五邊形到五星角的神祕角色、自然界中的費氏數列-兔子、松果與鳳梨，費氏數列前後項比值的極限就是黃金比例，盧卡斯數列、黃金矩形及黃金螺旋氏如何畫出來的？等角螺旋跟等速螺旋的差異又在哪裡？黃金比率是否無所不在？藝術作品的黃金比例說是否穿鑿附會？透過數學的考驗可以說明。 曾有人針對流行歌曲副歌總秒數對的一段落總秒數的比值來說有著黃金比例，您相信我們的感覺記憶可以這麼長嗎？我們很有機會在量測上讓分子分母的各自微調，使得比值接近黃金比例。 〈用數學論公平〉陳宏賓老師從疫苗供給的優先順序、快篩試劑如何分配引出公平性的問題。如何針對不同種類的公平：同樣滿足的公平、比例公平、無羨慕公平、共識公平 進行切蛋糕的程序？ 公平切蛋糕是很有學問的且在數學、計算機科學、經濟學和政治學領域是重要研究範籌。 〈藝數摺學──一個可以從小玩到大的活動：哥倫布方塊〉摺紙不僅僅是藝術，其間有很深厚的數學含量，李慧玲老師透過哥倫布方塊、哥倫布方塊球的摺製及堆疊，解構及說明其間的藝數摺學，可以邊玩邊學的文章，值得欣賞。 〈貓是液體！鑲嵌與解剖的幾何魔數〉張惟淳老師從貓咪的柔軟身段如液體般的可以填滿各式樣容器的比喻，講到真正的填滿-鑲嵌；如何讓平面上已知外型的貓咪變身為正方形？又已知外型的貓咪是如何給出的？看完本文，可以偷學幾招，還有延伸閱讀，讓你可以如裁縫師巧手般的裁切與組合，做出平面級的變形金剛。 〈六年級學生數學詩學習之分析〉教學現場中孫國光老師以林良翻譯Best Franco的〈數學詩〉書中的內容教學，讓同學透過數學詩創作的內容去感受、理解、比對、思考，理解四則運算符號在施裡面扮演的角色，再自由的找尋適當符號進行創作。透過本文的教學內容及經驗分享，我們將會有更多想像的教學應用。 〈學生的課程反思初探〉「學而不思則罔，思而不學則殆」在教學現場除了教學生會算，也要能具備思考的能力，也就是要在數學學習的認知層面及情意層面的反思能力要同時提升。陳玉珊老師第一線數學教學的經驗分享，讓大家理解知識層面的學習之外如何提升學生自我反思及統整的能力。 〈跑馬拉松算數學！〉跑馬拉松是近年來的熱門運動之一，長跑的許多行話，如「賽道全長42.195公里」是怎麼訂出來的？「6分速或5分速」、「全馬破4」、「配速員(或列車長)」、「吃甜甜圈」；如何估算操場各線道的的長度？起跑位置的不同標線位置是如何計算出的？ 李祐宗老師在文中都有揭密以及簡單易懂的計算說明。 〈數位退火技術介紹〉鑄造的過程有淬火、回火也有退火，如何鑄出削鐵如泥的寶劍也有許多秘方；如何維持某些高溫相？如何讓高溫相重新到達某種期待的穩定狀態？退火顧名思義也就是要讓這鑄件中的各原子晶格間的總體能量達到最小。舒宇宸老師以倉庫空間擺設為例、以數獨的填法為例說明如何透過計算機，以最小能量的目標規劃演算法進行「數位退火」快速且正確的填完數獨。數位退火技術還有更多的應用可以在延伸閱讀中找到。 〈不斷追問的問號：以問題為創作之始的作家梅麗莎．史都華〉學會問好問題很重要，跟ChatGPT聊天機器人問好問題才會有更有挑戰性的互動，透過不斷追問的問號有沒有可能會讓聊天機器人有更好的創作？「能夠通過學習有關自然世界的一切知識，並且與其他人分享，甚至能藉此獲得報酬，天底下沒有比這更好的事了」除了作家，老師這個行業也是。梅麗莎在自然科學及非小說類書籍的創作上成就非凡，仍不餘遺力透過教學現場參訪計畫去推廣非小說類書籍。雯子老師與林吟霙老師從新英格蘭農村的小女孩談起，讓您可以領略梅麗莎成長過程，也介紹她的許多作品。 〈森棚教官數學題〉「過年大優待！『七個瓶蓋加上三個空瓶』或『三個瓶蓋加上五個空瓶』都可以再換一瓶汽水」怎麼換汽水最划算？大家動動腦！ 黃金比例=1.618033988749895，這麼多位小數有必要嗎？ 總召編輯委員 - 李旺龍 關於本刊 出版單位：國立臺灣科學教育館 發行人：劉火欽 總召集人：李旺龍 編輯委員： 物理科吳仲卿/余進忠/戴明鳳/朱慶琪 | 化學科古建國/王伯昌/林如章/周金城/黃琴扉 | 生物科王美芬/蕭世輝/張育傑/辛懷梓/郭淑妙 | 地球科學許民陽/王郁軒/謝隆欽/盧孟明 科技科張玉山/汪殿杰/林育沖/徐新逸 | 數學科李源順/游森棚/嚴志弘/高欣欣 | 跨領域學科李名揚/劉淑雯/吳 嫻/李芝瑜/王淑音 | 特約專欄李名揚/劉淑雯/吳 嫻/李芝瑜/王淑音 策劃：李耕雲 主編：吳中益 本月專題特約主編：李源順 編輯：佟冠誼、林博雅 網頁設計編輯：施曉恬 投稿規範請來信詢問：article@mail.ntsec.gov.tw

Tissue engineering has developed novel therapies such as many types of wound dressings, bio-pads, scaffolds and bandages, in order to reduce the effects of deep and extensive skin wounds. Here, we have produced an electrospun nanofiber scaffold, based on biodegradable materials such as gelatin (as a natural and hydrophilic polymer) and cellulose diacetate (with optimal biodegradability), in order to increase wound healing using nanotechnology. We also used green tea extract for its anti-oxidant and anti-bacterial effect, to improve the biological properties of the scaffold. In the fabrication process, two polymer solutions: 1. Gelatin (with acetic acid solvent) and 2. Cellulose Diacetate (with acetone solvent) mixed with green tea extract, were prepared. Then they were spun using a two-nozzle electrospinner to produce a hybrid nanofiber scaffold. SEM images showed enough finesse and uniformity of the produced scaffold to simulate the extracellular matrix. Further, measuring the contact angle of water droplet and the web surface, indicated optimal hydrophilicity of the nanofiber scaffold, which controls the level of scaffold degradability and cell adhesion. Also, the results of antibacterial tests for two bacterial strains (E. coli and S. aureus) showed the antibacterial characteristics of the extract-containing scaffold. In addition to previous tests, evaluation of fibroblast morphology on the nanofiber scaffolds, indicated appropriate cell adhesion and expansion, that confirms the biocompatibility of this produced scaffold.

本研究提出一套創新的人體健康分析方式，透過全新的分析演算法架構深度解析脈搏訊號中的特徵，並結合深度神經網路進行預測，最後開發成監測人體健康的嵌入式系統。本研究基於血液共振理論，將光體積變化描計圖法擷取到的脈搏訊號進行訊號處理，從中擷取出共振峰值以及其變化量，檢測血液循環一週的微小變化，改善了當前分析方法著重在計算平均值，無法呈現即時狀態的缺失。本研究提出的系統和演算法所延伸的預警系統具有77.3%的預測精準度，同時可以擴展至多種趨勢相關的臨床症狀。此外，本系統十分適合應用於低功耗、低成本的硬體，對於未來各種行動裝置、穿戴科技與居家照護的生理數據分析需求，可提供實質的貢獻。

It is known that copper foil undergoes a color change in heating by oxide thin layer formation. Therefore, we focused on the color change by the oxidation of brass foil. Brass foil (Akaguchi (Cu87%Zn13% alloy) and Aoguchi (Cu85%Zn15% alloy)) also undergoes color change by oxidation, and it shows heating time and temperature dependence. Brass foil need longer heating time to appear color change than copper foil, and we can visually confirm that the brass has corrosion resistant. In addition, color change of brass foil depends on the percentage of copper in the brass, and Aoguchi shows rapidly color change in same heating condition. We show that brass has different physical properties than copper, even with a high percentage of copper in brass, and this was verified through comparison using diffusion length and RGB data in Aoguchi and Akaguchi. We demonstrate these colored brass foils are used as art materials, and our results expanded material using possibility of brass foil.

Heavy metals contaminate many bodies of water, posing a health risk to not only organisms that live and use the water in these areas, but also to the humans that live nearby. Chlorella vulgaris, a microalga, is one organism whose chlorophyll a fluorescence can indicate the presence of these substances, detecting any changes in concentrations using fluorescence microscopy and other fluorescence devices. The study explores the sensitivity of C. vulgaris to the heavy metal zinc where the algae was exposed to five concentrations of zinc: 0 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 50 ppm, and 100 ppm. The fluorescence of the samples was observed with a fluorescence microscope on days 0, 4, 7, and 12, where the algal samples were adapted to the dark for 5 minutes, then exposed to light for 90 seconds. The values of the minimal and maximal fluorescence of the samples in the dark were noted. There is a significant difference in the values of the minimal fluorescence, maximal fluorescence, and maximum quantum yield, a value derived from the minimal and maximal fluorescence, at the highest concentration, 100 ppm, from the other treatments for the entirety of the experiment. The significantly low values at 100 ppm and the calculated EC50 of 75.70 ppm indicate that C. vulgaris is indeed a viable indicator for zinc detection at this and higher concentrations of zinc.

Revealing fascinating and educating concepts in a field of astronomy usually requires expensive equipment. Therefore, most schools have very little practical equipment to teach astronomy. I wanted to investigate the Sun’s track using a simple apparatus that can be afforded by many schools instead of using an expensive one.

In today's world, medicine is very advanced, thanks to which many diseases that were previously considered incurable, are now treated almost all over the world. But, unfortunately, some diseases are still incurable and can only facilitate their course. One such disease is Raynaud's disease or Raynaud's syndrome. Statistics show that worldwide the percentage of patients with this disease is 3-4%. Raynaud's disease is a paroxysmal spasm of the arteries of the fingers of the hand, rarely the feet when cooling the extremities. As mentioned earlier, this disease is incurable. That is why the creation of a device that can help people overcome many inconveniences due to the inability to stay in the cold without gloves or the problem of discomfort in heated gloves is relevant. And one of the solutions to this problem is to create special heated gloves. This work is also relevant, because even existing treatments, such as medication and conservative, do not completely solve the problem of reducing the sensitivity of the hands when cooled or even the slightest moisture on the palms. Also, these methods are very expensive, so our device will be cheaper and more affordable than existing ones. When using our gloves together with the two already mentioned methods, the treatment will be more effective. Unfortunately, medical and conservative treatments will lead to complications over time, so we not only maintain sensitivity in the hands, but also prevent further amputation of the upper extremities and the emergence of human health problems associated with the effects of drugs on the whole body. Nowadays, people work hard to be able to live well, but it is difficult for people with Raynaud's phenomenon to do so, as the sensitivity of the upper extremities decreases during the exacerbation of the disease. It is important for us to maintain the sensitivity of the hands by normalizing the thermal balance of the hands, which leads to the elimination of spasms of the atria of the hand. The aim of the work is to create a simple and effective means to normalize and maintain the thermal balance of the upper extremities, in order to reduce the loss of sensitivity of the hands in patients, as well as reduce the likelihood of spasms of the arteries of the fingers. The subject of the study is the course of Raynaud's disease and the current treatments for it. The aim of the study is the creation of special gloves that can stop spasms of arteries and maintain blood flow in them by balancing the heat balance in the hand, and depriving patients of the disease during their wearing During the work the following tasks were set: - to theoretically investigate the peculiarities of Raynaud's disease; - to analyze the existing clothes on the market with heating; - to develop and improve its own design of heated gloves, which will be affordable and easy to use. - calculate the cost of gloves taking into account all factors

NO.62-02 2023 APR | 科學研習期刊目錄 本期專題 Sci-Talk生物多樣性專題 蛙類鳴叫多樣性與腹斑蛙的聲音溝通 | 莊銘豐 你藻類了嗎？ | 王瑋龍 嗨！存款還夠用嗎？氣候變遷與生物多樣性 | 趙榮台 教學現場 四個以人體生理反應為主題的科學探究活動 | 蔡任圃 我們一起探究的「昆蟲奇妙世界」 | 張慧娟 科學新知 風從哪裡來？ | 王嘉琪 捕捉星動的瞬間~臺灣第一個全自動巡天望遠鏡：星瞬望遠鏡RIFT | 金若蘭、李君樂 特約專欄 優質科學圖書及科學教育推手—AAAS／Subaru SB&F科學圖書卓越獎 | 劉淑雯、黃譯平 森棚教官數學題──鳩佔鵲巢 | 游森棚 科普活動報導 國小生活領域課程融入原子能線上科普活動之實踐 | 黃真瑱、蘇萬生 科教館GO好玩 ＜國立臺灣科學教育館＞科學新知充電站：Sci-Talk大眾科學講堂－生物多樣性專題 | 楊正澤 總召集人的話 如果我們有九千萬能做些甚麼？那接龍的人給了非常多的創意，科學背景的跟傳播背景的創意又截然不同，先來看看這有趣的接龍。九千萬僅能買1棟北市百坪豪宅，或者3部麥拉倫頂級跑車，卻能辦理30-45年的（以2018或2019年狀態及規模）科普環島列車、提供1000位高齡者安養3個月（3萬／月）、1000個家庭托嬰300小時（300元／時）、1000個小朋友吃營養午餐吃5年（50元／人／餐）、雙北1000個小朋友去安親班6個月（15000／月）、1000位大學生一年學雜費（9萬／年）、1500萬顆雞蛋、偏鄉學生到科博館單日服務25714所、連續十個月每天搭阿聯酋航空來回台北紐約（30萬／次）、搭高鐵來回高雄台北30000次（3000／次）…。當我們有機會手中握有好的資源時，我們要思考有許多資源不平均的地方，我們要思考到科學平權，我們要思考到被光鮮亮麗表象所遮掩的資源缺乏之窮人們。從公眾理解科學的角度來看，許多的做為是要讓公眾理解進行科學研究的重要，值得將所繳的稅金投入科學研究。這一期的內容很生物，以細胞的數目來說，動輒十億百億的，那上面的九千萬則不足為奇。那我們跟生物有甚麼不同？大小不同？傳遞訊息的手段不同？執行決策的手段不同？ 生物多樣性專題有三篇文章。蛙鳴此起彼落，蛙蛙間如何溝通？如何吵架？如何談情說愛？生物之間有哪些溝通方式？聲？光？電？味覺？還是有哪些我們沒用過或不知道的溝通方法？為什麼研究學者要研究蛙鳴比鳥叫容易呢？聲音的大小聲、高低音跟發聲結構有關？跟健康程度有關嗎？求偶時又該有何策略呢？策略一定是跟蛙類的生存及永續有關。蛙鳴聲有十二種分類，從防禦、激進到繁殖叫聲，甚至被咬住時也有不同的聲音。從聲音溝通到互動都離不開生物的本能。莊銘豐老師在〈蛙類鳴叫多樣性與腹斑蛙的聲音溝通〉一文中為您解密。藻類的尺寸從很小的藍綠菌到很大的昆布海帶，橫跨數個數量級。藻類摸起來為什麼會很滑？ 藻類在碳捕捉或是碳封存（CCS）扮演甚麼角色？ 小黑蚊（臺灣鋏蠓，俗稱小黑蚊、黑微仔、雨微仔、烏微仔、小金剛）跟藻類又有何關係？藻類是歸屬為動物還是植物？ 石頭長毛、地上青苔，這面有藻類的身形嗎？ 藻類非常多樣，又像植物會行光合作用，又像動物會移動，是不是無所不在？每天吃的用的腳踩著的都有機會有藻類跟您驚奇相遇；如果說認識藻類可以賺大錢，那閱讀王瑋龍老師〈你藻類了嗎？〉這篇文章就是賺大錢的開始。總統已經宣誓2030年淨零排放，以我們習慣現在地球上的生活方式，我們的存款還夠用嗎？ 環境、自然資源的赤字如何弭補？ 我們若要把環境赤字補回來，就得趕快投資自然，特別是生物多樣性。生物多樣性爲什麼會衰退，甚至流失呢？氣候變遷是一個很重大的影響因子。趙榮台老師〈嗨！存款還夠用嗎？氣候變遷與生物多樣性〉提出個人要如此做：BE SMART，才能盡個人之力有所貢獻去保護、修復、永續管理生物多樣性及因應氣候變遷。 教學現場有兩篇文章。蔡任圃老師在〈四個以人體生理反應為主題的科學探究活動〉一文中把探究實作教學的壓箱寶跟大家分享，許多的探究變因，有機會轉移，或是在參與學生的搞怪之下，有機會成為新的探索模組，這是年輕學生要參加的原因。「為了培養具科學素養的國民，科學教育已從知識累積與精熟練習，轉變成以邏輯思辯、解決問題與自學創造等能力作為培訓的目標。」是非常契合的一句話，值得參考學習。東華附小張慧娟在〈我們一起探究的昆蟲奇妙世界〉一文中分享如何讓昆蟲進入教室？學生會不會害怕？要先思考，有具體的思考才有後續的親身接觸，有親身體驗，才有真正的學習；有了引導，才有機會深入學習；張老師分享整個課程的規劃設計，甚至到教師共備課程都值得大家品味。 科學新知有兩篇文章。氣壓梯度→力→會推動空氣移動→便產生風；風是如何生成的？這是個很不錯的議題；我們每天清風拂面，習慣它的存在，總該找個機會探究風的生成；王嘉琪老師〈風從哪裡來〉從時間軸向說明科學發展的歷程，從早期天動說、地動說，亞里斯多德的天象論，風的解釋及成因都逐漸發展中；托里切利及帕斯卡的研究更是歷程艱辛才得以有今日我們學習的理論基礎；科氏力更是讓研究開展至氣象領域；王老師的結語寫得很棒，其中「我們學習的現代科學，來的並不是那麼理所當然」是我很欣賞的一句話。看星星是個很悠閒的事情，也是個很優雅的動作；但實際研究工作上需要長時間的觀測，又因為天體運轉不息，需要有個全自動巡天望遠鏡，特別是重力波的觀測。但是重力波不是電磁波，為什麼要用可見光的來觀測呢？文中有提到重力波的成因，透過因果的說明才能知道為何需要RIFT。然而甚麼是RIFT？ 它僅僅是為了重力波觀測而產生的嗎？金若蘭老師、李君樂老師在〈捕捉星動的瞬間臺灣第一個全自動巡天望遠鏡：星瞬望遠鏡RIFT〉一文中，為您解開優雅觀測的背後。 特約專欄有兩篇文章。劉淑雯老師〈優質科學圖書及科學教育推手—AAAS／Subaru SB&F科學圖書卓越獎〉文章中介紹美國科學促進協會（AAAS）這個長期推動科學教育且卓有成效的單位，雯子老師為文推薦介紹AAAS／Subaru SB&F 科學圖書卓越獎與評選方式，兒童科學圖畫書為其中一種獎項。自2006-2022每年獲獎的圖書繪本在雯子老師的文章中都有介紹，值得品味，也值得去買書或是借書來閱讀。游森棚老師〈鳩佔鵲巢〉讓你非常有想像及情境的餵食秀，在基本的數學規則下，如何排列及如何餵食才能讓每隻小喜鵲都吃到但是鳩吃不到？ 〈國小生活領域課程融入原子能線上科普活動之實踐〉一文中，國小使用線上是很不得已的事情，然而原子能的特殊性也讓線上科普是個必然必要。透過線上科普植入光影好好玩之中，在開心的氣氛下，讓學生理解能源問題。黃真瑱老師及蘇萬生老師兩位作者應該是在現場共同授課才會有文中具體的成效。 大家是否有發現2022年起，科教館有個大眾科學講堂Sci-Talk，裡面的靈魂人物是中興大學楊正澤教授，〈科學新知充電站Sci-Talk大眾科學講堂──生物多樣性專題〉一文訴說他整個規劃的心路歷程，思考主流，每一場的饗宴都是生物相關，主持人也是生物學家，串場功夫一流，邏輯清晰是大家要學習的。 總召編輯委員 - 李旺龍 關於本刊 出版單位：國立臺灣科學教育館 發行人：劉火欽 總召集人：李旺龍 編輯委員： 物理科吳仲卿/余進忠/戴明鳳/朱慶琪 | 化學科古建國/王伯昌/林如章/周金城/黃琴扉 | 生物科王美芬/蕭世輝/張育傑/辛懷梓/郭淑妙 | 地球科學許民陽/王郁軒/謝隆欽/盧孟明 科技科張玉山/汪殿杰/林育沖/徐新逸 | 數學科李源順/游森棚/嚴志弘/高欣欣 | 跨領域學科李名揚/劉淑雯/吳 嫻/李芝瑜/王淑音 | 特約專欄 游森棚/黃琴扉/陳正改/劉淑雯 策劃：李耕雲 主編：吳中益 本月專題特約主編：楊正澤 編輯：佟冠誼/林博雅 網頁設計編輯：施曉恬 投稿規範請來信詢問：article@mail.ntsec.gov.tw