利用化學合成法合成出聚苯胺及 MEH-PPV，經過一連串的製程作出高分子發光二極體（PLED），再用 I-V 儀量測。實驗中以聚苯胺及 MEH-PPV 的薄膜厚度為變因，進行實驗。 電壓值為 10V，量測樣品通路上的電流。一開始電壓在跑時，量到的電流都為 0A，所得到的圖形為一水平直線；當電壓到達一個值時會向上爬升，但爬到一個階段後圖形呈現鉛直掉落至電流為 0A，圖形又恢復成水平直線。過程中看到了薄膜厚度對樣品確實有影響，又鋁電極的厚度不能承受過大的電壓，所以，用銦粒壓在元件上藉以保護。 Using Chemiccal polymerize PANI and MEH-PPV make through a series Polymer light emitting diode（PLED）Produce.then using I-V meter surveies. PANI and MEH-PPV change of thick proces.Experiment design I-V volt for meter conduction of current of sample .The voltage moving.First meter current is obtaining the figure is horizontal when voltage increase to a special value , but increase a while , the current will fall down to zero volt. Figure will go to horizontal that sample will change .Thick is different,and aluminum cathode can not suffer too much voltage .otherwise will burn.

There is currently an interest in developing supercapacitors as the booming of smartphones and other mobile electric devices. Despite offering key performance advantages, many capacitors pose significant environmental hazards once disposed. They often contain fluorine, sulfur, toxic transition metal and cyanide groups, which are harmful if discarded by using conventional landfill or incineration methods. The objective of this project is to find an environmentally benign alternative for building various key components of supercapacitors structures. From the electrolyte, carbon substrate and materials corresponding for Faradic reaction, all the materials were devised from renewable biomass. In our research, two novel designs of betanin/sulfonated carbon supercapacitor and quinone/sulfonated carbon supercapacitor were invented. Betanin and quinone, extracted from beets and Sencha, was preloaded on the sulfonated carbon nanosphere as the composite. While sulfonated carbon nanosphere were fabricated by hydrothermal synthesis of renewable biomaterial, followed by surface functionalization - sulfonation for increasing the loading capacity of nanoparticle. Nanostructured morphology and surface functional groups were examined and confirmed by SEM and IR spectroscopy. Specific capacitance can be boosted up through optimizing the particle size, morphology and surface polarity of carbon substrate and the type of electrolyte. From the experimental result, it is believed that the nano-architecture, with active functional groups, of carbon nanosphere enables the efficient charge transport and electrode stability, allowing the composite with high capacitance (94–209 F g–1 at a current density ranging from 1 to 4 mA cm–2), high capacitance retention of over 90% after over 20,000 cycles respectively, and over a wide range of temperature. Superior electrochemical performance of both betanin/sulfonated and quinone/sulfonated carbon supercapacitor can be attributed to the large accessible surface area of the porous structure, low interfacial resistance and its structural stability. It shows that they have relatively higher tolerant towards heat and extreme pH mediums. The green electrochemical capacitor exhibits a promising capacitive performance of 209 F g–1 with high capacitance retention of over 90%, opening up new possibilities for the production of environmental friendly, cost efficient and lightweight energy storage system using renewable biomass as the basic building materials without harming the environment.

The purpose of this research is to make an ecological insecticide that mixes the extracts of Piper tuberculatum, Annona muricata and Melia azedarach, that together in application cause mortality and repellence of the mosquito Aedes aegypti with the intention to help in the control of the diseases this mosquito is guilty of: dengue, zika and chikungunya, and decrease the risk of infection by a safe and organic way.

本研究是探討聲音、片堆、共鳴管條件對熱聲致冷效果的影響。 在聲音方面，各管長均有對應的最佳頻率且管徑越大管長越長，最佳頻率將越低；聲音輸出功率越大，致冷效果越佳；片堆方面，在固定熱端氣室長度下，孔徑與片堆長度會有最佳值，以達到最佳致冷效果。另外，片堆有效孔隙越多越好，共鳴管以散熱性好的金屬塞封口且表面積越大越好。並用LabView軟體及NI 16-Ch USB Thermocouple Measurement Device來自動化測量共鳴管內16個位置的溫度，以了解管內溫度分布隨時間變化情形，發現啞鈴型片堆的效果優於整條7.0cm之片堆。 本實驗取得的最佳參數為聲音頻率179.6Hz、喇叭驅動電壓 11.28V、共鳴管徑3.9cm、管長44.0cm、長度7.0cm的瓦楞紙片堆、熱堆氣室長度5.0cm，降溫能力可低於環境溫度7.44℃，效果遠優於歷屆科展研究。

The purpose of this project are 1)To study the relationship between global warming and acid rain with chemical model and mathematics model from temperature changing and pH of carbonic acid. 2) To create a pH measurement tool of carbonic acid in gaseous state.3) To study the impact of human activities in Loei province that affect to the relationship between global warming and acid rain. The procedures are 1)Do an experiment for studying the relationship between temperature changing and pH of carbonic acid. 2) Proof the mathematics model by using the result of experiment, the chemical reaction equation of carbonic acid solution. 3)Create a pH measurement tool of Carbonic acid by using Arduino and sensor with new formula in the computer program. 4) Using a pH measurement tool of Carbonic acid for studying impact of human activities in Loei province including industrial area, agricultural area, tourism area and forest area. The result of the mathematical model of the relationship between temperature changing and pH of carbonic acid is in form of Cubic equation in Equilibrium state and STP state. (Standard condition for Temperature and Pressure) So, we found that in this state has pH of carbonic acid is about 5.644. When the temperature rises up the effect of rainfall has a lower pH of carbonic acid solution. We also proof the new formula that create a pH measurement tool of Carbonic acid in gaseous state. The impact of human activities in Loei province found that the areas most affected by acid rain are the industrial areas, agricultural areas, tourism areas and forest areas respectively. In conclusion, when the temperature rises, it will dissolve acid solutions in the water on the earth. The loss of [H+] made the pH increases and the greenhouse gases become more atmospheric. These gases are more likely to react with atmospheric vapor. When these vapor form a cloud and condensation falls as rain, the rainfall has a lower pH, that is, global warming can result in the phenomenon of acid rain is greater.

一、 本研究的最初來源系出自 Crux Mathematicorum 的第1367 題，原題目為： 在n 個並列圓的圖形上，放置數個相同的圓，放置的要求為： (1)為了使圖形中的圓穩固，上一列的圓必須與下一列的兩個圓相切。 (2)任一列的圓必須相連。 例如：圖一與圖二是不被允許的，而圖三則符合要求。 因此，當n = 3 時，共有下列5 種不同的方式。 試問：令an 為底座是n 個並列圓的放置的方法數，求an 的一般公式。 由於翻譯時漏了第(2)個條件，竟意外的得到一個美妙的結果：在此問題中， 若要求相連，則得到費氏數(Fibonacci Numbers)； 若要求可不相連，則得到凱特蘭數(Catalan Numbers)。即 (1)要求相連時（n 階圓塔），放置方法數的一般項 (2)要求可不相連時（n 階廣義圓塔），放置方法數的一般項 二、 接著將底座改成放置在平面上的球（有正方形放置或正三角形擺放兩種）， (1)正方形放置的（方形球塔），其放置方法數的遞迴式為 (2)正三角形放置的（三角球塔），其放置方法數的遞迴式為 其中[x]為高斯符號。

Internet search technology is a pervasively used utility that relies on techniques from the _eld of spectral graph theory. We present a novel spectral approach to investigate an existing problem: the critical group of the line graph has been characterized for regular nonbipartite graphs, but the general regular bipartite case remains open. Because of the ine_ectiveness of previous techniques in regular bipartite graphs, our approach provides a new perspective and aims to obtain the relationship between the spectra of the Laplacians of the graph G and its line graph bG. We obtain a theorem for the spectra of all regular bipartite graphs and demonstrate its e_ectiveness by completely characterizing the previously unknown critical group for a particular class of regular bipartite graphs, the incidence graphs of _nite projective planes with square order. This critical group is found to be Z2_(Z2q+2)q3􀀀1_(Zq2+q+1)q2+q􀀀1; where q is the order of the _nite projective plane.

Pedicle probes are medical devices used by surgeons during spinal fusions for patients with conditions such as scoliosis and spinal fractures. The probe creates pilot holes to guide the placement of pedicle screws in vertebrae. The screws are then connected with a metal rod to stabilize the spine. Twenty-nine percent of patients who undergo spinal fusions suffer from vertebral breaches – accidental damage to the spinal cord – which cause complications such as infection, motor defects, and in many cases paralysis. My goal was to make spinal fusions safer by redesigning the pedicle probe to provide surgeons with instantaneous feedback on the probe’s location, enabling them to more accurately place pedicle screws. The pedicle probe I developed takes advantage of the difference in density between the inner cancellous (spongy) bone and the outer cortical (compact) bone found in vertebrae. Cortical bone is avoided by monitoring the cannulation force – the force required to insert the probe. When the probe contacts denser cortical tissue, it warns the user by providing tactile and visual feedback through a vibration motor and an LED. This enables the surgeon to redirect the probe and advance down the optimum path, preventing a possible breach. It proved successful in preventing breaches on lamb vertebrae, which closely resemble human vertebrae. This novel device improves feedback to the surgeon and eliminates the need for costly and potentially harmful ionizing radiation exposure. Furthermore, it does not depend on, or require, any preoperative imaging. The cost of manufacturing the improved probe is less than $42 USD (NT$1297). Results of patent searches for 加拿大, the 美國, and Europe suggest that the redesigned probe is unique in predicting and preventing breaches in spinal fusions based on predetermined force threshold values. The probe is also unique in enabling personalized procedures in spinal fusions for those with complications, through calibrating a control (force) limit based on tissue samples prior to the procedure. Enhancing a surgeon’s ability to determine an appropriate path for pedicle screws through a sensor-enabled probe has the potential to significantly reduce the incidence of vertebral breaches during spinal fusion surgery.

Water treatment is considered as one of the top research priorities in Saudi Arabia. It has been reported by World Health Organization that, 50,000 people die every day from diseases caused by contaminated water. This research attempts to degrade organic pollutants present in wastewater by using Graphene Oxide synthesized from Saudi natural source. Physical activation of date pits was carried out by carbonizing the samples at different temperatures to produce active carbon. Hammer’s method was employed for the purpose of Graphene Oxide production. The resulted Graphene Oxide has been characterized using FT-Raman, XRD and SEM techniques. Methylene Blue (MB) dye was used as a model organic pollutants to examine the ability of Graphene with the aid of a microwave-system to remove such pollutants. A modified domestic MS furnace with a variable power was used to supply microwave energy. The MB solution 2.5x10-6M was mixed with 0.1gm of Graphene Oxide. The applied microwave power was ranged between 100 to 700 W and the time was set between 0 to 12 minutes. The samples were centrifuged and then filtered through a millipore filter to remove the Graphene Oxide dispersed particles. It is found that, 98% of the initial concentration of MB is removed effectively within 12 minutes under microwave power of 500 W. Chemical oxygen demand is shifted from 450 to 87 mg/L while biological oxygen demand was decreased from 270 to 12.8 mg/L which indicating the degradation of organic constituents. This method can be used for water purification from organic pollutants.

本研究的主要目的是探討瓢蟲在空間中行走的軌跡是否存在著某些性質。我們定義瓢蟲分別繞y軸和z軸旋轉θ和 Φ，我們發現當旋轉次數n→∞ ，各收斂點P均位於球面S:(x-1/1-r2)2+y2+z2=(r/1-r2)2 上。接著我們探討當瓢蟲的仰角θ=cos-1r與-cos-1r時，不論轉向角Φ為幾度，瓢蟲分別收斂於固定點A(1, 0, r√1-r2/1-r2) 與B(1, 0, -r√1-r2/1-r2)。透過幾何證明，我們發現直線AB與y軸恰為球面S的配極直線。透過基底變換後，每個轉向點均位於一圓錐面x2+y2=a2(c-z/c)2 上，且繞行的原點O及轉向點Pn均位在一等角螺線G上，G:{x=artcostα y=artsintα(t∈R) z=c(1-rt) 。從高觀點來看，各轉向點是經過一個收縮的仿射變換而來，而收斂點 就是瓢蟲行走軌跡的點吸子(attractor)。最後，我們將軌跡呈現的圖形與自然現象連結。

本研究將竹炭與銀兩種不同的材料結合,研發出金屬結合非金屬的複合導電材質;利用銀鏡反應,以竹炭當作載體,製作出竹炭-銀複合物,透過自製竹炭-銀電壓與電流的裝置,發現竹炭-銀錠最佳導電的質量比例為竹炭比銀1:9,利用掃描是電子顯微鏡,分析竹炭-銀複合物,發現銀會有效分布在竹炭表面形成包覆,竹炭銀定可導電,電阻介於純銀與炭之間,其電阻極低,將來可應用在代替石墨作為電池的電極,對提升導電度會有幫助;In this work, using the silver-mirror reaction, porous bamboo charcoal has been successfully adopted as novel supports for immobilization of silver nanoparticles by a chemical reduction method and the metal-nonmetallic composites with conductivity efficacy were investigated. Through the test of homemade voltage with the electric current instrument, we found out that the best ratio of conductivity in the bamboo charcoal-silver ingot is 1:9. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the composites show uniform Ag particles distribution on the BC matrix. The bamboo charcoal-silver ingot has the conductivity. The resistance, between the pure silver and the coal (graphite), is extremely low. Thus, this composite will promote conductivity and apply in the battery of electrode for replacing the graphite in the near future.

這篇報告要探討下列的「轉沙發的問題」是否有解？有一個長方形的沙發(如圖一)，若要求每次只能以「四個頂點逆時針或順時針連續旋轉90 度」的方式轉動，請問當長寬具備何種關係時，沙發經數次轉動後，剛好可以「轉」到相鄰的位置(如圖一)，而且沙發坐人的正面方向仍保持不變呢？ 我們把原問題看成「平面座標上長方形旋轉的數學問題」，再利用「平面座標、三角函數、複數、複數的極式表示及向量」等數學工具，導出符合題目要求的方程式，最後證出下列的結果： 1.當長與寬比值為無理數時，此問題無解 2.當長與寬比值是最簡分數時；若分子為奇數，此問題無解 3.當長與寬比值為偶數時，此問題有解 In this paper we discuss the solution of rotating sofa problem as follows : The condition is : Merely allow to rotate the sofa several times by rotating 90 degrees clockwise or counterclockwise around the vertex. (maybe A, B, C, or D in Fig. 1) The question is : What’s the relationship between the length and the width of the sofa, if we request the sofa translated next to the original position with direction unchanged. (as shown in Fig. 1 with A’B’C’D’). We take this problem as a mathematical one of rotating a rectangle in plane coordinates. Then we derive the desired equations by using the tools of plane coordinates, trigonometric functions, complex number, polar form of complex number, and vector. Finally, we prove that： 1. When the ratio of length and width is irrational, the problem has no solution. 2. When the length of sofa is odd in the ratio of length and width, the problem has no solution. 3. When the ratio of length and width is even, the problem has solutions.