Saccharomyces cerevisiae 是常用來研究老化的模式生物。S. cerevisiae的壽命稱為replicative lifespan (RLS)，被定義為母細胞一生中可產生的子代總數。S. cerevisiae有一種缺少整套粒線體DNA的突變種，稱為petite。在這個研究中，我們利用附解剖針之複式顯微鏡測量年輕單倍體細胞和老單倍體細胞形成的合子、年輕單倍體petite細胞和老單倍體細胞形成的合子之RLS。此外，我們也使用ROS螢光探針DCFH-DA及DHE測量不同單倍體細胞的ROS含量。實驗結果顯示ROS本身並不足以降低合子的壽命。本研究可為人類生殖細胞影響受精卵的機制提供有用的資訊。

In recent years, the ticks have reached the valley of Poschiavo and so far no study has been done to determine their diffusion. Recently, this presence has become a much discussed topic as these ticks can be carriers of pathogenes and represent a danger to humans. The goal of this work is to analyze the current situation in the valley of Poschiavo to understand in which areas the ticks are widespread, if they are carriers of pathogens and which factors could have an influence on their expansion. Several methods have been used for data collection. Ticks were found on ungulates killed during the high hunt in autumn 2016. In spring 2017, ticks were collected in various areas of the valley using the flag method that involves dragging a cotton cloth onto the ground. Some of the collected ticks were sent to a laboratory to identify the presence of the Borrelia burgdorferi, the pathogen responsible for Lyme borreliosis. To understand the evolution of the presence of ticks in the valley, the doctors and veterinarians were interviewed. Finally, to identify any climate changes related to the diffusion of ticks, the evolution of the tem-perature and relative humidity measured by two meteorological stations in the valley of Poschiavo since 1980 have been analyzed. Thanks to this study it was possible to highlight for the first time the presence in the valley of Poschiavo of ticks wich are bearer of the Borrelia burgdorferi. In fact, the bacterium was present in 26% of the analyzed ticks. Currently, the thicks populate the southern part of the valley, from the lake of Poschiavo to Campocologno, a small area in the central part of the valley and the area around Poschiavo and San Carlo. The interviews carried out showed that in recent years the ticks in the valley have increased and that the climate change could be a possible cause. In fact, since 1980 the temperature measured on the bottom of the valley has increased on average by 1.5 ° C and also the relative humidity has risen slightly. These changes could affect the diffusion of ticks in the valley of Poschiavo. In the future the temperatures will rise further and consequently the climate of the Poschiavo valley will most likely be more suited to the life of the ticks favoring their in-crease.

This study demonstrates that microbial film power generation is a potentially viable source of alternative energy. This research occurred over a period of two years. In the first year (2016) I tested a new method of generating renewable energy, referred to as microbial film power generation. I showed that electricity could be captured from microbial decomposition using solid graphite plates (29cm x 20cm) placed in lightly decomposed muskeg (collected in northern British Columbia). In the second year (2017) the purpose was to increase the power output of the fuel cell, while also compacting the setup. Certain changes were made to the experimental set up, namely the use of spongy graphite felt in place of solid graphite plates, thus providing a larger surface area for microbial activity to occur. The new fuel cells made produced about twice as much power. Not only was the power output greater, but it was produced from a much smaller area: 7.82 mWh/cm2 on graphite felt, compared to 0.21 mWh/cm2 on graphite plates. In other words, graphite felt produced 37 times more power per unit area than graphite plates. Furthermore, it would appear that by removing the load from the fuel cell for approximately 24 hours, the fuel cell could essentially recharge. This may be due to microbial activity releasing more electrons onto the anode permitting a new cycle to take place. This would suggest that the system could naturally recharge itself.

鹵氧化鉍是第三代太陽能電池的材料，受到極高重視。鹵氧化鉍和g-C3N4皆為可見光光觸媒，將其彼此複合可增加其活性。研究利用水熱法 (hydrothermal method) 在高壓釜 (autoclave) 中合成三元鹵氧化鉍及其複合物 (BiOxCly/BiOmBrn/BiOpIq、BiOxCly/BiOmBrn/BiOpIq/g-C3N4)，成功做出鹵氧化鉍的一系列化合物，並檢測其特性。三元鹵氧化鉍及其複合物是可見光驅動之光觸媒，因此將其降解結晶紫染料(Crystal Violet, CV)來評估其活性。在pH值為1與4時觸媒樣品光生電子電洞的重組率較低，此對於降解效率有益。在沒有複合g-C3N4的情況，BC1B1I1-4-100-12樣品降解結晶紫的效率最為理想。而在pH值為10且有複合的情況，BC1B1I1-10-100-12-10wt%g-C3N4樣品降解結晶紫的效率最為理想，其光催化降解效率增為1.8倍。因此，複合光觸媒可增加降解效率，更有效處理紡織與染整等有機廢污水，大大減少廢污水的污染。

There is currently an interest in developing supercapacitors as the booming of smartphones and other mobile electric devices. Despite offering key performance advantages, many capacitors pose significant environmental hazards once disposed. They often contain fluorine, sulfur, toxic transition metal and cyanide groups, which are harmful if discarded by using conventional landfill or incineration methods. The objective of this project is to find an environmentally benign alternative for building various key components of supercapacitors structures. From the electrolyte, carbon substrate and materials corresponding for Faradic reaction, all the materials were devised from renewable biomass. In our research, two novel designs of betanin/sulfonated carbon supercapacitor and quinone/sulfonated carbon supercapacitor were invented. Betanin and quinone, extracted from beets and Sencha, was preloaded on the sulfonated carbon nanosphere as the composite. While sulfonated carbon nanosphere were fabricated by hydrothermal synthesis of renewable biomaterial, followed by surface functionalization - sulfonation for increasing the loading capacity of nanoparticle. Nanostructured morphology and surface functional groups were examined and confirmed by SEM and IR spectroscopy. Specific capacitance can be boosted up through optimizing the particle size, morphology and surface polarity of carbon substrate and the type of electrolyte. From the experimental result, it is believed that the nano-architecture, with active functional groups, of carbon nanosphere enables the efficient charge transport and electrode stability, allowing the composite with high capacitance (94–209 F g–1 at a current density ranging from 1 to 4 mA cm–2), high capacitance retention of over 90% after over 20,000 cycles respectively, and over a wide range of temperature. Superior electrochemical performance of both betanin/sulfonated and quinone/sulfonated carbon supercapacitor can be attributed to the large accessible surface area of the porous structure, low interfacial resistance and its structural stability. It shows that they have relatively higher tolerant towards heat and extreme pH mediums. The green electrochemical capacitor exhibits a promising capacitive performance of 209 F g–1 with high capacitance retention of over 90%, opening up new possibilities for the production of environmental friendly, cost efficient and lightweight energy storage system using renewable biomass as the basic building materials without harming the environment.

The purpose of this research is to make an ecological insecticide that mixes the extracts of Piper tuberculatum, Annona muricata and Melia azedarach, that together in application cause mortality and repellence of the mosquito Aedes aegypti with the intention to help in the control of the diseases this mosquito is guilty of: dengue, zika and chikungunya, and decrease the risk of infection by a safe and organic way.

Solar energy is a main source of energy that is expected to play a vital role in fulfilling the future global demand of electricity. Design of advanced photovoltaic (PV) system with high electric conversion efficiency is the key for collecting solar energy. A major obstacle hindering useful PV utilization is the deterioration of solar cell efficiency with temperature. The present results of experimentation have shown that there occurs a reduction of approximately 33% in the solar panel efficiency as the operating temperature increases from 45 °C to 68 °C at 1000 W/m2. Therefore, an innovative design of enhanced-performance solar panel using micro flat heat pipe (HP) and thermoelectric generator (TEG) is proposed and experimentally investigated in the presented project. To operate HP and TEG at highest possible efficiency, the condensation section of HP is innovatively cooled by utilize the condensed water inside the evaporator of air conditioner (which is usually between 5-7 °C). Two different types of silicon panel are used in the study: monocrystalline solar panel and polycrystalline solar panel. The results showed that a reduction in average solar panel temperature up to 25% is obtained. In addition, produced power was increased by as much as 50% when solar panel was cooled by the heat pipe. Finally, the feasibility study and cost analysis of the proposed hybrid system are discussed in details and presented.

在種子萌發的階段，光會造成幼苗的形態變化，稱為光形態發生(photomorphogenesis)。然而microRNA (miRNA) 如何影響光形態發生，一直未被詳細探討。藉由次世代定序 (Next Generation Sequencing)之結果分析，得知阿拉伯芥 (Arabidopsis thaliana) 幼苗中，具有受光調控的miRNA。利用北方墨點法 (northern blotting) 及即時聚合酶鏈鎖反應 (Real-Time PCR) ，我們驗證了miRNA和其降解目標之相關性。在篩選過後選得miR396s和miR858s，作為後續研究的目標。下一步便是了解他們的功能。目前已經證明miRNA及對應目標基因的突變株確實會影響花青素、葉綠素累積，下胚軸延長及子葉發育。考量到miRNA有功能性的替代物 (functional redundancy) ，我們於是進行標的序列模擬(target mimicry) ，以削減miRNA之功能；也在建立大量表現上述miRNA之轉殖株，了解其與光形態發生之關聯。最終目標為解開miR396與miR858對光形態發生的調控機制。

CNC machines use vector graphics or vector image programs that take time and effort on hobbyists. Therefore, it is important to provide accurate techniques for converting ordinary images available on the Internet or can be designed with easy programs. In order to have precise drill paths read by CNC machines directly and produce a product that does not contain rattles at the edges. This depends on the accuracy of processing the extracted paths. The development of algorithms has been completed Transforms Pixel image into Paths with XYZ extension, which is used to drill material and cut it through CNC machines. And the algorithms are based on transfer images with low quality. And Its Advantage that it can create high Paths with as few points as possible. The program can convert the pixel image into paths, and then converted into g-code, and use it in CNC machines directly.

設Γ為一平面曲線而 P 為一定點 ， 自 P 向γ所有的切線作對稱點，則所有對稱點所成的圖形Γ1 稱為曲線Γ對定點 P 的切線對稱作圖 ， Γ1 對定點 P 的切線對稱作圖 Γ2 稱為曲線Γ對定點P的2-th 切線對稱作圖 ， Γ2對定點 P的切線對稱作圖 Γ3稱為曲線Γ對定點 P的 3-th切線對稱作圖 ，…… 。以下是本文主要的結果：結論 A：當Γ為一圓形而 P 為圓上一點時 ， 計算其 nth 切線對稱作圖 的方程式。結論 B：當Γ為任意平滑的參數曲線而 P 為任意一點時 ， Γ的切線對稱作圖的切線 性質。結論 C：當Γ為任意平滑的參數曲線而 P 為(0，0)時， 計算其 nth 切線對稱作圖 的方程式。英文摘要：Given a plane curve Γand a fixed point P ,the locus of the reflection of P about the tangent to the curveΓis called the reflection to tangent line of Γwith respect to P.We denote Γ1 as the reflection to tangent line of Γwith respect to P, Γ2 as the reflection to tangent line of Γ1 with respect to P , Γ3 as the reflection to tangent line of Γ2 with respect to P ,and so on , we call Γn the n-th reflection to tangent line of Γwith respect to P. If Γ is a circle, and P is a point on the circle, we got the parametric equation of the nth reflection to tangent line of Γ with respect to P. And, for any parametric plane curve Γ; we got the method to draw the tangent of the reflection to tangent line of Γ.

前人研究發現聖嬰南方震盪(El Niño–Southern Oscillation, ENSO)和淘氣精靈(Elves)兩者間有顯著關係，顯示淘氣精靈的變化受太平洋上ENSO影響，因此我們想探討淘氣精靈與印度洋震盪(Indian Ocean Dipole, IOD)間是否也存在相似的關聯性。一般以DMI(Dipole Mode Index)代表IOD的發生情形，研究中我們挑出2005年6月2015年11月IOD正負事件時的海溫、雨量、閃電及淘氣精靈進行比較。研究結果顯示淘氣精靈在印度洋上也有震盪的現象，且其趨勢與海溫相同，再將其與雨量變化做比較後，我們推論IOD造成的海溫變化影響了大氣，進一步影響淘氣精靈的發生。

Internet search technology is a pervasively used utility that relies on techniques from the _eld of spectral graph theory. We present a novel spectral approach to investigate an existing problem: the critical group of the line graph has been characterized for regular nonbipartite graphs, but the general regular bipartite case remains open. Because of the ine_ectiveness of previous techniques in regular bipartite graphs, our approach provides a new perspective and aims to obtain the relationship between the spectra of the Laplacians of the graph G and its line graph bG. We obtain a theorem for the spectra of all regular bipartite graphs and demonstrate its e_ectiveness by completely characterizing the previously unknown critical group for a particular class of regular bipartite graphs, the incidence graphs of _nite projective planes with square order. This critical group is found to be Z2_(Z2q+2)q3􀀀1_(Zq2+q+1)q2+q􀀀1; where q is the order of the _nite projective plane.