It became necessary to implement a project for the use of vegetable waste generated in the process of handling plantain cultivation, harvest and postharvest, since in Mexico at harvest large quantities of vegetable waste is produced, since only the fruit is used wasting the Pseudostem with leaves and spine. Based on this information, you can take advantage of banana fiber as raw materials in the manufacture of biodegradable sheets and support options that are feasible and possible to make alternative. This is an inexpensive process, also friendly with the environment, so that thousands of banana plants that bear fruit after they become sterile and are discarded without realizing their Pseudostem.

Parameters of traffic, road availability, and fare were integrated into a web-based application for determining the best public transport routes within Metro Manila in order to assist commuters in their travel planning, whether for business or for pleasure. A user-friendly interface was developed to obtain a user’s place of origin and destination, as well as preferences in travel time, mode of transportation, and cost of journey. By accessing the traffic roadway network of the metropolis, a real-time situation of road availability was obtained, and used in a modified Dijkstra’s shortest-path algorithm to produce a model of a real-time adaptive transport network of Metro Manila. From the model, an optimal route that considers the user’s preferences can be determined. This project will be immensely useful in helping both businessmen and tourists in planning their routes that will save on time and money.

鹵氧化鉍是第三代太陽能電池的材料，受到極高重視。鹵氧化鉍和g-C3N4皆為可見光光觸媒，將其彼此複合可增加其活性。研究利用水熱法 (hydrothermal method) 在高壓釜 (autoclave) 中合成三元鹵氧化鉍及其複合物 (BiOxCly/BiOmBrn/BiOpIq、BiOxCly/BiOmBrn/BiOpIq/g-C3N4)，成功做出鹵氧化鉍的一系列化合物，並檢測其特性。三元鹵氧化鉍及其複合物是可見光驅動之光觸媒，因此將其降解結晶紫染料(Crystal Violet, CV)來評估其活性。在pH值為1與4時觸媒樣品光生電子電洞的重組率較低，此對於降解效率有益。在沒有複合g-C3N4的情況，BC1B1I1-4-100-12樣品降解結晶紫的效率最為理想。而在pH值為10且有複合的情況，BC1B1I1-10-100-12-10wt%g-C3N4樣品降解結晶紫的效率最為理想，其光催化降解效率增為1.8倍。因此，複合光觸媒可增加降解效率，更有效處理紡織與染整等有機廢污水，大大減少廢污水的污染。

My purpose of the Research was build a small, compact device for the GoPro, which minimizes shocks that are typically caused by running and makes the video stable. The device must fit into a backpack and must be designed for the GoPro. This scenario raised two central questions for me: Which laws of physics are used for the stabilization of the camera? How can those laws of physics constructively be transformed into a working device? I have built four prototypes. To know which prototype was the best, I compared them and gained data into diagrams. The result with the last prototype was very impressive and encouraging, whether your are walking, running or skiing, the videos were no longer shaky. My final prototype consisted of a hollow tube which extended vertically. My conclusions: First the handheld camera mount mustn't be too light, as the inertia of the device is too low. Second it mustn't be too heavy, because you normally have to hold it over a certain time interval. Inertia as well as lever principal were essential to produce a smooth video. The most difficult part to build was the fully gimbaled suspension because it requires as little friction as possible and it must be precise and solid.

When predicting a hurricane’s landfall location, small improvements in accuracy result in large savings of lives, property, and money. The project’s purpose was to apply a breakthrough method that can predict the geographic location of a hurricane’s landfall with high accuracy. Researchers have known for a long time that there are strong correlations between a hurricane’s landfall location and the geographic regions its track passes through. However, no methods have been developed to mathematically and explicitly describe these correlations. Consequently, the correlations can only serve to meteorologists as vague guidelines for their guestimates and are not usable in making practical forecasts. By studying the correlations and performing numerical optimization on historical hurricane data, this research discovered a set of geographic belt regions in the Gulf of Mexico that can be used as landfall location predictors. When a hurricane passes through any one of these belt lines, a prediction can be made by extending the hurricane’s moving direction vector towards land – the intersection point of this extension line with the coastline is the predicted landfall location. This prediction method is simple and straightforward. It only uses basic measurements from meteorological satellites: the hurricane’s real-time locations and moving directions. In conclusion, when compared to existing methods, the predictive belt method (PBM) created in this research provides a landfall location forecast with higher accuracy. Verification with historical hurricane data demonstrated that the PBM’s average error is less than 50% of the National Hurricane Center models’ error.

Retinoblastoma (RB) is a childhood retinal cancer caused by mutations in the RB1 gene. Molecular diagnosis is crucial for early detection and treatment. Current DNA diagnostic screening requires substantial amounts of tumour and blood samples. However current screening methods face the challenges of limited DNA templates from minute retinal tumours and too much blood samples drawn from young patients. In addition, the starting DNA template amount and quality are important to ensure confident detection of disease-causing mutations. As the majority of RB1 mutations are unique and distributed throughout the RB1 gene with no real hot spots, the entire gene needs to be thoroughly analysed. This investigation proposes to enrich DNA samples using a whole genome amplification (WGA) step prior to RB1 mutation screening by RB1 gene-specific PCR amplification as well as high resolution melt (HRM) analysis and sequencing. It also identifies RB1 mutations in two RB patients and explores whether WGA and saliva products can be a source of DNA templates for RB1 analysis. In addition, this study was conducted based on the hypotheses that RB1 mutations were the underlying cause of the disease in the two patients, and that the products from WGA could be used specifically for RB1 gene analysis to overcome the constraint of insufficient DNA samples. Two anonymised genomic DNA samples from two unrelated RB patients and five normal healthy DNA samples were used in this project. WGA kits were compared according to three criteria, namely amplification yield, product fragment size and whether DNA is amplifiable. Prior to and after amplification, the optical density of two normal samples was measured to determine the increase in DNA yield. The amplicons were subjected to gel electrophoresis to determine the product fragment size. Exons 6, 14 and 25 of the original and amplified samples undergone PCR, and were examined again using gel electrophoresis to ascertain that the amplicons were amplifiable. Mutation analysis using HRM was carried out with pre-existing primers for all 27 exons and the promoter of RB1. Samples from patients were analysed against 83 saliva DNAs extracted using Oragene•DNA (OG-500) Kit. REPLI-g was observed to produce higher yield and products of reliable fragment size. Single distinct bands were also seen for exons amplified using REPLI-g, indicating that REPLI-g is more accurate and suitable in the amplification of DNA. Abnormal melt profiles were obtained for exon 6 in RB477 and exon 14 in RB572 for HRM. These exons were sequenced to determine the exact mutation. Exon 6 was found to have a splice-site mutation g.607+1G>T, while a point mutation, g.1363C>T (p.Arg455X) was identified in exon 14. Both the uses of saliva as a non-invasive DNA source and the WGA approach for enriching DNA sample for application in RB1 gene analysis have never been reported for RB. Although HRM analysis has been used for other diseases, this is its first instance applied in work on RB1 gene. In short, this report offers novel and promising approaches which would contribute significantly to the molecular analysis of mutations in RB.

本研究主要探討塔粉綠尺蛾食草選擇與其葉內真菌之關係。觀察培養四種植物（烏臼、鵝掌柴、白匏子與島榕）葉內真菌，以真菌生長、菌絲與孢子形態辨識真菌種類。當我們以烏臼葉內間座殼菌屬（Diaporthe sp.）真菌與不同植物放在一起時，幼蟲有取食原為非食草的白匏子葉片，而島榕則有嘗試啃食之現象；此外，飼養過程中我們發現取食烏臼的塔粉綠尺蛾幼蟲糞便較其他種幼蟲易長出真菌，進行幼蟲糞便與消化道真菌培養後，皆有與葉內真菌相似的菌體形態。我們推測烏臼、葉內真菌與塔粉綠尺蛾間的交互作用關係之一可能為：烏臼透過葉內真菌誘使塔粉綠尺蛾雌蛾前往產卵，經幼蟲食用葉片後所排出之糞便以作為葉內真菌傳播的媒介。

設Γ為一平面曲線而 P 為一定點 ， 自 P 向γ所有的切線作對稱點，則所有對稱點所成的圖形Γ1 稱為曲線Γ對定點 P 的切線對稱作圖 ， Γ1 對定點 P 的切線對稱作圖 Γ2 稱為曲線Γ對定點P的2-th 切線對稱作圖 ， Γ2對定點 P的切線對稱作圖 Γ3稱為曲線Γ對定點 P的 3-th切線對稱作圖 ，…… 。以下是本文主要的結果：結論 A：當Γ為一圓形而 P 為圓上一點時 ， 計算其 nth 切線對稱作圖 的方程式。結論 B：當Γ為任意平滑的參數曲線而 P 為任意一點時 ， Γ的切線對稱作圖的切線 性質。結論 C：當Γ為任意平滑的參數曲線而 P 為(0，0)時， 計算其 nth 切線對稱作圖 的方程式。英文摘要：Given a plane curve Γand a fixed point P ,the locus of the reflection of P about the tangent to the curveΓis called the reflection to tangent line of Γwith respect to P.We denote Γ1 as the reflection to tangent line of Γwith respect to P, Γ2 as the reflection to tangent line of Γ1 with respect to P , Γ3 as the reflection to tangent line of Γ2 with respect to P ,and so on , we call Γn the n-th reflection to tangent line of Γwith respect to P. If Γ is a circle, and P is a point on the circle, we got the parametric equation of the nth reflection to tangent line of Γ with respect to P. And, for any parametric plane curve Γ; we got the method to draw the tangent of the reflection to tangent line of Γ.

Nowadays, the increase in population and the rapid depletion of nonrenewable energy sources brings the need for energy. In this case, scientists are forced to develop technologies by using renewable energy sources. Sun is the unlimited and renewable energy source. Organic solar cells absorb the light from the sun by the active polymer layer and transform it into electrical power. Organic solar cells are advantageous than inorganic ones because of being low-cost, easy-to-use and proper for large scale applications. In this project, it is aimed to produce organic solar cells by using specific amounts of carbon nanotube (CNT) doping. According to this aim, it is detected by using the fluorescence spectroscopy that CNTs can be used in organic solar cells. Later, the homogenous distribution of doping SWCNT into donor material was displayed by AFM, and correct proportion of SWCNTs are chosen by those images. In order to increase the efficiency of organic solar cell SWCNT doped P3HT was used as donor molecule. The acceptor molecule was PCBM in here. Surface characterization of prepared samples was made by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), while electrical characterization of them is done with airless environment cabin (glove-box) system in nitrogen environment. As a result, devices prepared with addition of cyclohexanone in P3HT: SWCNT%:PCBM new load paths to carbon nanotubes were provided, as a result of the measurements short circuit current obtained was raised from the reference to 53%. The best yields were found as 2.24% in 0.2% SWCNT doped devices. This result shows efficiency is healed according to the reference rate as 64%. In this study, certain amounts of carbon nanotube doped organic solar cells were produced, which are highly efficient rather than traditional organic solar cells and low cost, easy-to-produce rather than inorganic solar cells, by using environmentally friendly materials.

在種子萌發的階段，光會造成幼苗的形態變化，稱為光形態發生(photomorphogenesis)。然而microRNA (miRNA) 如何影響光形態發生，一直未被詳細探討。藉由次世代定序 (Next Generation Sequencing)之結果分析，得知阿拉伯芥 (Arabidopsis thaliana) 幼苗中，具有受光調控的miRNA。利用北方墨點法 (northern blotting) 及即時聚合酶鏈鎖反應 (Real-Time PCR) ，我們驗證了miRNA和其降解目標之相關性。在篩選過後選得miR396s和miR858s，作為後續研究的目標。下一步便是了解他們的功能。目前已經證明miRNA及對應目標基因的突變株確實會影響花青素、葉綠素累積，下胚軸延長及子葉發育。考量到miRNA有功能性的替代物 (functional redundancy) ，我們於是進行標的序列模擬(target mimicry) ，以削減miRNA之功能；也在建立大量表現上述miRNA之轉殖株，了解其與光形態發生之關聯。最終目標為解開miR396與miR858對光形態發生的調控機制。

This study investigated the production of novel molecular templates, and analyze their adsorption effect on four heavy metal ions (Cu+2, Pb+2, Zn+2, Mn+2), which commonly exist in Taiwan's rivers. Different operating conditions (such as competitive adsorption, pH value and other factors) were explored to compare their adsorption effect of heavy metal ions by using the synthesized template molecules. The molecular templates were found to be specific towards their target metal ions with a high adsorption effect. Then combined with the idea of magnetic particles to produce magnetic molecule templates, a maximum amount of adsorption of heavy metal ions up to 95% through the molecular template was achieved while the effect of heavy metals desorption of up to 83% could be also successfully obtained. Experimental results showed that the magnetic molecule templates did not affect the adsorption of heavy metal ions. Not only can they speed up the recovery time of adsorption but the template molecules can also be collected more efficiently. We also proposed three different applications for the developed molecular templates. The development of magnetic molecular template may provide an affordable, highly-efficient way for dealing with heavy metal pollutions.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae 是常用來研究老化的模式生物。S. cerevisiae的壽命稱為replicative lifespan (RLS)，被定義為母細胞一生中可產生的子代總數。S. cerevisiae有一種缺少整套粒線體DNA的突變種，稱為petite。在這個研究中，我們利用附解剖針之複式顯微鏡測量年輕單倍體細胞和老單倍體細胞形成的合子、年輕單倍體petite細胞和老單倍體細胞形成的合子之RLS。此外，我們也使用ROS螢光探針DCFH-DA及DHE測量不同單倍體細胞的ROS含量。實驗結果顯示ROS本身並不足以降低合子的壽命。本研究可為人類生殖細胞影響受精卵的機制提供有用的資訊。