This study investigated the production of novel molecular templates, and analyze their adsorption effect on four heavy metal ions (Cu+2, Pb+2, Zn+2, Mn+2), which commonly exist in Taiwan's rivers. Different operating conditions (such as competitive adsorption, pH value and other factors) were explored to compare their adsorption effect of heavy metal ions by using the synthesized template molecules. The molecular templates were found to be specific towards their target metal ions with a high adsorption effect. Then combined with the idea of magnetic particles to produce magnetic molecule templates, a maximum amount of adsorption of heavy metal ions up to 95% through the molecular template was achieved while the effect of heavy metals desorption of up to 83% could be also successfully obtained. Experimental results showed that the magnetic molecule templates did not affect the adsorption of heavy metal ions. Not only can they speed up the recovery time of adsorption but the template molecules can also be collected more efficiently. We also proposed three different applications for the developed molecular templates. The development of magnetic molecular template may provide an affordable, highly-efficient way for dealing with heavy metal pollutions.

Riding around on a flat tire is no fun. It feels really bumpy. But a square wheel may be the ultimate flat tire. There's no way it can roll over a flat, smooth road without jolting the rider again and again. Here, I have constructed a bicycle with square wheels. It's a weird contraption, but you can ride it perfectly smoothly. My secret is the shape of the road over which the wheels roll. A square wheel can roll smoothly, keeping the axle moving in a straight line and at a constant velocity, if it travels over evenly spaced bumps of just the right shape. This special shape is called an inverted catenary. A catenary is the curve describing a rope or chain hanging loosely between two supports. Turn the curve upside down, and you get an inverted catenary--just like one of the bumps in my road. Make the road out of a whole bunch of those bumps all in a row, and you can take your square-wheeled bike for a quick spin. Just as a square rides smoothly across a roadbed of linked inverted catenaries, other regular polygons, including pentagons and hexagons, also ride smoothly over curves made up of appropriately selected pieces of inverted catenaries. As the number of a polygon's sides increases, these catenary segments get shorter and flatter. Ultimately, for an infinite number of sides (in effect, a circle), the curve becomes a straight, horizontal line. In the end, I conclude with possible enhancements in the project that might take us to a whole new world.

It became necessary to implement a project for the use of vegetable waste generated in the process of handling plantain cultivation, harvest and postharvest, since in Mexico at harvest large quantities of vegetable waste is produced, since only the fruit is used wasting the Pseudostem with leaves and spine. Based on this information, you can take advantage of banana fiber as raw materials in the manufacture of biodegradable sheets and support options that are feasible and possible to make alternative. This is an inexpensive process, also friendly with the environment, so that thousands of banana plants that bear fruit after they become sterile and are discarded without realizing their Pseudostem.

A projectile refers to any body that is thrown in space and falls under the influence of gravity and the motion of such a body is called projectile motion. In this context we will ignore the effects of air resistance to make calculations easier. Through the usage of trigonometric ratios and vectors it is possible to accurately predict the position of a body after a certain time, the maximum height attained by it and the horizontal distance it covers from the point of projection. Horizontal displacement or range of a projectile is the main index of performance in many cases of projectile motion. If air resistance is negligible, there is no net force in the horizontal direction (ΣF = 0; ax = 0) Through this topic we aim to explain the science behind the performed actions and movements in sports such as Golf, Football, Basketball and Javelin throw. Factors Affecting Distance traveled by a projectile: 1. Relative height of release 2. Speed of Release 3. Angle of release Projectile Motion: Theory v/s reality Theoretically optimal angle is about 45° however taking air resistance into consideration the angle reduces to about 42°. Long jumpers use angles of 17-23°. This is because when traveling at ~10 m/s, there is not enough time to generate a large takeoff angle. The game of Golf is based on the trajectory followed by the golf ball as it moves through the air and in this sport we have addressed issues such as the required club face angle and swing speed for the ball to go in the hole. For instance if we have a ten degree driver it will carry the ball lower than a 60 degree wedge and hence it can be deduced from the above statement that a greater angle of the club face launches the ball at a greater angle. Effects of Air resistance can be very large in case of golf. Therefore, the golf ball has dimples on its surface to negate the effect of air resistance. To depict the application of projectile motion in football, we have shot a video on our school’s football field showing the trajectory followed by a football and have addressed issues like horizontal and vertical velocity required depending on the nature of the kick. In the sport of Basketball we shot a video showing a student shooting a 3 pointer. Furthermore with the help of charts, we have calculated the velocity required for a basketball to go inside the hoop at different angles of projection such as 30, 45 and 60 degree. Finally we have included a question to determine whether a ball hit by Sachin Tendulkar will be a six or not using kinematical equations as well as equations related to projectile motion. Hence by shedding light on this wonderful topic we attempt to reveal how an athlete’s brain functions and through years and years of practice and hardwork he is able to accurately predict distances and achieve his goals.

本研究的主要目的是探討瓢蟲在空間中行走的軌跡是否存在著某些性質。我們定義瓢蟲分別繞y軸和z軸旋轉θ和 Φ，我們發現當旋轉次數n→∞ ，各收斂點P均位於球面S:(x-1/1-r2)2+y2+z2=(r/1-r2)2 上。接著我們探討當瓢蟲的仰角θ=cos-1r與-cos-1r時，不論轉向角Φ為幾度，瓢蟲分別收斂於固定點A(1, 0, r√1-r2/1-r2) 與B(1, 0, -r√1-r2/1-r2)。透過幾何證明，我們發現直線AB與y軸恰為球面S的配極直線。透過基底變換後，每個轉向點均位於一圓錐面x2+y2=a2(c-z/c)2 上，且繞行的原點O及轉向點Pn均位在一等角螺線G上，G:{x=artcostα y=artsintα(t∈R) z=c(1-rt) 。從高觀點來看，各轉向點是經過一個收縮的仿射變換而來，而收斂點 就是瓢蟲行走軌跡的點吸子(attractor)。最後，我們將軌跡呈現的圖形與自然現象連結。

The Briggs Rauscher reaction, i. e., BR reaction, which is one of the oscillation reactions, produces iodide ion and iodine repeatedly. Continual color changes of the solution from colorless to deep blue, and vice versa, are observed during the reaction due to the so-called “iodine test” reaction. In this work, we studied the effects of the presence of the redox active indicators on the oscillation behavior of the BR reaction. To the reaction mixture of KIO3, H2SO4, H2O2, C3H4O4, MnSO4, and starch, which are used for the general BR reaction as added a redox active reagent (indicator). Then, the changes in color and voltage of the reaction solution were recorded by a photosensor of the LEGO MINDSTORMS and a voltmeter using Pt electrodes. Under general reaction conditions, the oscillation reaction continued for ca. 5 minutes, including 18 times of oscillations. When an indicator, such as BTB, was added instead of starch to the reaction solution, splits of the voltage wave were observed, which should be a kind of new oscillation. Moreover, we found that the addition of K3[Fe(CN)6], which exhibits high redox activity, in the reaction solution instead of starch made the life-time and the numbers of the oscillation in the reaction greater by 3 times (14 min.) in time and more than 4 times (81 times) in the frequency. It’s also a kind of new oscillation. These results suggested that the oxidation-reduction reactions by the addition of ferricyanate ion effectively promotes the redox process of iodine and iodide ion. The experiments we wrote above were conducted without starch. Thus, as a reference, we conducted the same experiments under the presence of starch and got interesting results. We also studied the effects of K4[Fe(CN)6], suggeting that not only redox reaction between ferricyanide and ferrocyanide ion, but also the redox reaction with BR solution should occur in these reactions.

研究在一三角形上，要分配P、Q、R三點分別在頂點或三邊上(不可在同一邊，在同一邊則未能達到最好分工效率)，P、Q、R三點所負責的區域為「距離最近則劃分給誰」，要如何定位才能使P、Q、R三點負責的面積一樣大。我們先依序從正三角形、等腰三角形、等腰直角三角形、直角三角形以及特殊角度的順序做起。我們在交點上設幾個參數，找出重要交點作標，在計算的過程中用Mathematica找出參數解，最後再用多邊形面積公式計算區域面積找出解，並利用GSP作圖模擬。

This project proposes that smartphones are capable of steering a quadcopter, doubling as a flight controller unit. This means that sensor results from the smartphone’s IMU (inertial measurement unit) are compared with steering commands from the pilot received over Wi-Fi or a RC-transmitter. The idea behind this project was to build a cheap flight control for a quadcopter. Smartphones seemed to be the perfect device because of their dominance in the market. The first step was constructing the quadcopter’s frame. I first designed the frame on AutoCAD and then built a prototype out of aluminium. My search for a possibility to connect the engines or low level peripherals to a smartphone led to the «IOIO-Board». After collecting sufficient information about sensor fusion and control theory I started working on my own controller. Due to the frame’s large size the quadcopter is very stable and best suited for aerial photography. Engine control by smartphone using an «IOIO-Board» is fast enough for flight. A smartphone possesses everything needed to control a quadcopter. The disadvantage of using a smartphone is that the processor has to calculate multiple applications simultaneously. This makes it more difficult to guarantee the correct timing of operations. Nevertheless, external influences such as phone calls do not influence the flight behavior of the quadcopter. As work in progress I have experimented with the implementation of GPS and an onboard camera.

一、 本研究的最初來源系出自 Crux Mathematicorum 的第1367 題，原題目為： 在n 個並列圓的圖形上，放置數個相同的圓，放置的要求為： (1)為了使圖形中的圓穩固，上一列的圓必須與下一列的兩個圓相切。 (2)任一列的圓必須相連。 例如：圖一與圖二是不被允許的，而圖三則符合要求。 因此，當n = 3 時，共有下列5 種不同的方式。 試問：令an 為底座是n 個並列圓的放置的方法數，求an 的一般公式。 由於翻譯時漏了第(2)個條件，竟意外的得到一個美妙的結果：在此問題中， 若要求相連，則得到費氏數(Fibonacci Numbers)； 若要求可不相連，則得到凱特蘭數(Catalan Numbers)。即 (1)要求相連時（n 階圓塔），放置方法數的一般項 (2)要求可不相連時（n 階廣義圓塔），放置方法數的一般項 二、 接著將底座改成放置在平面上的球（有正方形放置或正三角形擺放兩種）， (1)正方形放置的（方形球塔），其放置方法數的遞迴式為 (2)正三角形放置的（三角球塔），其放置方法數的遞迴式為 其中[x]為高斯符號。

The aim of this project is to eliminate the huge consummation of petrol in the field of transportation. This project will be based on the creation of an engine. It is not only economic but also, it does not pollute the environment. In order to think about the scientific strategy of this engine, I had a look at the work of many previous inventors who worked on a similar engine. But the engine I fabricated has as additions: - The use of clean energies (air, electrical energy and electromagnetic energy) - It is an engine the energy of which is renewable and it does not necessitate the intervention of man to give it energy .THIS MEANS THAT IT WORKS ALONE.

The last two decades have seen 60% annual growth rate (AGR) in the global IP traffic and it is expected that the AGR will keep the exponential growth in the next five years. Recent advances in digital signal processing enabled the implementation of the dual polarization (DP) optical coherent digital receivers, which substantially improved their performance. The goal of this research is to develop a prototype of a compact superchannel flexible DP M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (MQAM) optical transmitter and demonstrate its reconfigurability to accommodate baud rates ranging from 8-32 Gbaud∕s to achieve 1 Tb/s and beyond using the same hardware. The research work consists of three phases; Phase I is the study of transmitter electrical and optical parts; Phase II investigates the potential configurations for frequency comb generator circuit; Phase III deals with the superchannel experimental prototype. The results obtained so far are pertaining to phase I and phase II with some preliminary experimental validation pertaining to phase III. The experimental results show that the measured component characteristics are matched with the components specifications data sheets. Additionally, the designed frequency comb generator was able to create up to 9 optical subcarriers with flat gain of 0.5 dB amplitude. Transmission over optical subcarriers has been attempted using standard optical transmitter. These results show promise towards the generation of a variable data rate up to 1Tb∕s. IEEE and ITU-T standardization effort considered these data rates to appear around 2017, and are intended for Next Generation Regional/Long-haul Networks.

The study aims to evaluate the technique of extracting water from humid air using solar energy through greenhouses in local areas. This technique is believed to provide limited amount of water in areas where potable water is not accessible or abundant. To solve this problem a pyramid-shaped device was designed, it is made of glass panels ad equipped with glass doors, fans operated by solar energy, and multiple shelves covered with fabric to act as Absorbent Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) with a 30% concentration. The doors are open during the night for absorption and closed during the day for energy-generating. Humidity, temperature, and atmospheric pressure are measured every two hours. The amount of water extracted in this area in one full day was around 3.0 liters a day for every square meter. Perhaps the limited amount of water is due to low level of humidity in the area: an average of 50% and temperature of F10 Celsius at night. However, the device itself is independent, does not need power sources, water sources, or infrastructure, can be installed in various places depending on humidity level as well as having the possibility of increasing number or size of device. This makes the device a promising, alternative and environmental friendly solution to produce water. Cost-effective and lighter material can be used to make the device, which will produce an easy-to-use and affordable devices. It is an area in need for further research to improve and further develop it.