研究指出，公果蠅在求偶的過程中若被母果蠅拒絕，腦中的神經傳導蛋白NPF(neuropeptide F)會隨之下降，並提升其對酒精食物的攝取量。 我們的研究結果顯示求偶被拒的公果蠅是在「攝食酒精」後才對酒精成癮，而非在求偶被拒之後馬上去攝食酒精。而且，「求偶被拒」的公果蠅除了飲酒行為，也會提升其再求偶慾望。另外，我們利用Gal4-UAS系統調控了公果蠅腦中NPF神經的活性，發現公果蠅的NPF神經活性被抑制時，會出現與求偶被拒的公果蠅類似的行為。 最後，我們使用了NPF的螢光蛋白的抗體來標定NPF神經活性被激發以及抑制時腦中NPF的含量變化。透過這個結果，我們可以確定腦中NPF量的變化可以控制公果蠅對酒精的趨性、求偶慾望以及對酒精的攝食量。

We were very curious about whether the aircraft will suffer lightning damages during flight, so we tried to search the answer on the internet. According to the searching results, we realized that during flight departure, passenger planes can suffer lightning damage. As a result, there will be lightning strike points, which needs immediate solutions for safety concerns. Besides, we found out that the exterior aircraft components, such as aircraft body, wings, tail, turbine engine and other areas, are vulnerable to corrosion, which also needs immediate solutions. Luckily, we came across a chance to chat with the engineer who works in the airport. Through that meeting, we knew that the maintenance of the aircraft is very important. However, the maintenance of the components depends on professional technicians, weather, the surrounding noise level, and other environmental effects. As a result, we think that it is initial for us to develop a device that can automatically complete the missions of aircraft maintenance. Below are two objectives that we need to complete: 1. Complete a non-destructive testing for aircraft damage, including corrosion and lightning strike points. Assessment areas include: Aircraft body, airplane wings, tail of the aircraft and the turbine engine 2. Engage in scanning results to analyze and predict for flight readiness. The collected results will proceed to the aviation company for inspection and maintenance. Based on these two objectives, we designed an automatic platform for aircraft maintenance. Below are four innovations of this platform: 1. we developed a method to replace the current stage based on the manual operation of the aircraft maintenance, the use of AGV (Automated guided vehicle) and the robotic arm combination. 2. Design a modular platform based on this method, including telescopic four-wheel independent rotating chassis and locking mechanism, scissors lifting mechanism, double sided synchronous belt forward detection telescopic mechanism, etc. The platform can shrink at the minimum height of A320, convenient access to the machine abdomen. 3. The positioning algorithm of the platform relative to the aircraft is proposed.

Photochromism (from Greek φωζ photo “light” and χρωμα chroma “colour”) is determined as reversible transformation between two chemical species, induced by action of light [1]. Herewith, initial form and photoinduced isomer have different physical and chemical properties. The phenomenon is attractive for the design of hi-tech materials, including optical memory elements and molecular switches. Diarylethenes is the most promising class of organic photochromic compounds due to outstanding thermal stability of both isomers and high photostability [2]. The size of so-called ethene bridge significantly affects the photochromic reaction. The photochromic diarylethenes with 4-, 5-, and 6-membered cyclic ethene bridge are known, but there is no example with 3-membered bridge. In this study we report a new approach towards dithienylacetylenes 3 that include the synthesis of diarylcyclopropenones 2 via Friedel-Crafts alkylation of heterocyclic compounds 1 with tetrachlorocyclopropene and following UV-irradiation. It was found that the diarylethenes 2 do not display photochromic properties, but they undergo quantitative photoelimination of carbon monoxide upon UV-irradiation resulting in dithienylacetylene 3. Thus, we have proposed a new synthetic two-step approach to dithienylacetylenes 3 [3], which could be useful synthons in synthesis of photochromic diarylethenes with various ethene bridges.

The purpose of this research is to prevent the desertification by using my original “agar sheets”. The dry regions, in other words, the desert has already occupied about forty percent of the surface of the earth (Figure 1). In addition, it is said that land of seven million hectares turn into desert every year. However, we can reproduce the green-bosomed earth by using appropriate means, because this desertification originated in excessive farming, excessive pasturing, and deforestation caused by human beings. I learned “Cape Erimo’s Green Construction Method”, which has succeeded in planting trees in the coast of Japan by using seaweed, and this method led me to use the agar to prevent the desertification, which is a familiar Japanese food made from seaweed. I think that it is possible to prevent the desertification of any conditioned lands by using my original “agar sheets.”

圖(一)中，在半徑r的圓形披薩上選一個任意點P，過此點畫四條線將披薩切成八份，要求這四條線中，任兩相鄰的線必須夾45?，圖中四塊黃色披薩與四塊白色披薩的面積相等，這就是有名的披薩定理。 這是台灣師大數學系教授許志農在「龍騰數亦優」中所撰寫的，但其處理的手法涉及微積分，本文將以更初等的數學方法加以證明，並推廣出下列結果： 一、 在圖(二)中，半徑r的圓形披薩內任一點P，過此點畫四條直線，四塊黃色披薩的夾角皆為θ，四塊白色披薩的夾角皆為90?-θ，則四塊黃色披薩的面積為r2(2θ) 二、 在橢圓形披薩，正2n邊形的披薩及球體，我們亦有相似的結果 另一部份，我們將用組合的手法，證明並推廣一個古典問題：「一個西瓜切n刀最多可以切多少塊，其中有幾塊不含西瓜皮」。

The growth of a city and the population movement has many correlations. However, the complex interaction causes difficulties in developing a mathematical model needed for analyzing the growth factor of a city and the movement factor of population. The model involving traditional equations cannot explain many phenomenon. The newly introduced data-science suggests possibilities to overcome these difficulties. Particularly, the abundant amount of accumulated data proposes a new solution for the problem we have. Throughout these steps, data-utilizing methodology, such as machine learning for artificial intelligence, are researched and developed with attention. In this research, data about accumulated for previous population movement and city growth are collected, and a mathematical science model based on data is developed to explain population movement and city growth by utilizing data analyzing methods such as machine learning. Especially, artificial neural network and stratified advance learning(deep learning) proves possibilities in solving many problems. This research aims to construct an artificial neural network appropriate for population movement and consequently use it in developing population movement model. Using this model, growth of many existing cities can be explained and furthermore, examining the population movement factor of a city and social factor necessary for city growth become possible. This model is expected to become the tool for resolving overpopulation and predicting and deciding factors needed for a new future city. In spite of decreasing population, it is still important to develop a model for population movement that well explains city growth and environment change.

我們想要了解過號看診等候的相關問題，在此研究中，我們先利用手繪 圖及電腦驗證找出「分段法則Ⅰ」，進而導出遲到情形與過號需等候人數的函數關係。 利用方格「走最短路徑」的方法，將到診情形轉為方格走最短路徑圖，找出「分段法則Ⅱ」，求遲到者插號位置及新的看診序號，並由等待數列，求過號需等候人數。 在一個獨立插號作業中，要找出到診可能情形方法數，我們將Catalan數列的條件加以變化，在一個 的方格內，向右走 單位長，向上走1單位長， ，證明其一路領先的方法數為 。 最後將取號碼單機器運用在候診上，並利用等候理論(Queueing theory)，做不同插號規則的比較。

Protein C deficiency (PCD) is found in 1 out of 200 to 500 persons in the general global population which is also one of the common conditions of Inherited thrombophilia, it’s characterized by an increased tendency of blood to clot in human blood vessels. It is caused by several factors including mutations in the genes involved in thrombin binding, protein c activation and numerous clotting factors. This includes F5 (Factor 5 Leiden) gene on chromosome 1q24.2, F7 (Prothrombin) gene on chromosome 13q34, SERPINC1 (serpin peptidase inhibitor C) on chromosome 1q25.2, SERPIND1 (serpin peptidase inhibitor D) on chromosome 22q11.21, HRG (Histidine Rich Glycoprotein) on chromosome 3q27.3, PLAT (Plasminogen Activator) on chromosome 8q11.21 and THBD (Thrombomodulin) gene on chromosome 20p11.21. In the current study, a three Saudi families with inherited thrombophilia has been recruited to identify the underlying cause of this special condition. Whole exome sequencing, targeting all coding exons of the human genome, was performed using Illumina Nextera library preparation kits followed by paired-end sequencing on Illumina NextSeq500 instrument. Reads quality control was performed and reads were aligned to the reference genome using BWA software. Variants calling and annotation was performed using GATK. All known genes involved in causing inherited thrombophilia All known genes involved in causing PCD were excluded by whole exome sequencing. The genes that were previously reported to be involved in inherited thrombophilia were checked for any causative variant. No mutation has been identified in known genes. identifying a novel gene underlying PCD. The Result of this study will hopefully pave the way to better understanding the disease pathophysiology and help in developing DNA based diagnosis, carrier screening and somatic gene therapy.

Quadcopters are incredible pieces of technology. Software on the flight controller is able to simultaneously stabilise the drone in three degrees of freedom, follow commands from the pilot and take pictures. 200 times per second the flight controller therefore measures the current position and RC signal, calculates a correction and sets the according engine speeds. This is a task that could never be done by a human being.

本次科展由一個高中關於柯西不等式的題目『設0

Donor–acceptor cyclopropanes (DACs), which can act as sources of 1,2- and 1,3-zwitterions in the presence of Lewis acids, are widely used in organic synthesis for the preparation of various carbo- and heterocyclic compounds, including natural compounds and their analogues. To date, many types of DACs reactivity have been identified. However, the chemistry of styrylmalonates (isomers of DACs, which can be easily generated from DACs) is almost undescribed and has a powerful synthetic potential. The use of styrylmalonates as synthetic equivalents of DACs allows us cardinally change the known reaction pathways of DACs. In this work, a new strategy for cascade assembly of substituted pyrenes based on the reactions of styrylmalonates with aldehydes in the presence of BF3•Et2O has been developed. Generation of formal 1,2-zwitterionic intermediates owing to complexation of dicarboxylate groups with BF3•Et2O is the driving force of the reaction discovered. This method makes it possible to assemble pyrenes or 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-ones in one synthetic stage from readily available starting compounds with high regio- and diastereoselectivity, and use these pyrenes in futher reactions. We’ve optimized conditions of the reaction and synthesized a number of various substituted pyrenes. Moreover, the reaction shows good results with various aromatic and heteroaromatic substituents. Pyrenes can be easily purified by crystallization. Every product was obtained selectively and determined by full set of physical-chemical methods, including X-ray analysis. 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one skeleton is found in various natural compounds demonstrating a broad spectrum of biological activity, such as antiviral and antineoplastic.

The purpose of this research is to prevent the desertification by using my original “agar sheets”. The dry regions, in other words, the desert has already occupied about forty percent of the surface of the earth (Figure 1). In addition, it is said that land of seven million hectares turn into desert every year. However, we can reproduce the green-bosomed earth by using appropriate means, because this desertification originated in excessive farming, excessive pasturing, and deforestation caused by human beings. I learned “Cape Erimo’s Green Construction Method”, which has succeeded in planting trees in the coast of Japan by using seaweed, and this method led me to use the agar to prevent the desertification, which is a familiar Japanese food made from seaweed. I think that it is possible to prevent the desertification of any conditioned lands by using my original “agar sheets.”