This science project is designed to answer a question of whether or not a chemical reaction is needed to produce industrial quantities of carbon nanostructures by exposing dry ice to a high temperature that is at least 3100°C. A small carbon arc furnace powered by an electric welder is used to produce the high temperature. During control runs, the carbon arc furnace is energized for a predetermined time, after which the carbon arc furnace is de-energized and any carbon particles within the furnace are collected. During carbon nanostructures synthesis runs, dry ice is placed within the carbon arc furnace. The carbon arc furnace is energized and the dry ice is consumed for the predetermined time. Carbon nanostructures synthesized during the synthesis runs are collected once the carbon arc furnace is de-energized and allowed to cool. The volume of the carbon particles collected during the control runs is compared to the volume of the carbon nanostructures produced by the synthesis runs. This science project has discovered that on average at least 16 times more carbon nanostructures are produced during synthesis runs consuming dry ice as opposed to the control runs. Moreover, the synthesis runs did not rely on chemical reactions. Further still, samples of the synthesized carbon nanostructures were imaged using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The TEM images clearly show high-quality carbon nanostructures that include carbon nanotubes, faceted carbon nanospheres, and the super-material graphene.

The research is based on the production of biodegradable plastic-like material by only using household materials. Also, it can be made at home and it causes no harm to the environment. The biodegradable plastic-like materials made by different ratio of amylose, amylopectin, glycerol and water has different use. The finished product has smooth surface, highly transparency and well flexibility. Also, it can support strong load and be able to be deformed under stress. Ratios of components are tested on: 1. Easy to injection mold 2. Flexibility 3. Tensile strength and ductility & 4. Water resistance. It is found that the ratio of tapioca starch: glycerol: water = 1.5: 0.5: 9 can withstand 13N of force and 1.5: 0.93: 9 with high ductility. To improve water resistance, more amylopectin should be added to amylose. The best water resistance ratio is glutinous rice flour: tapioca starch: glycerol: water = 0.6:0.91:0.5:9 can withstand 16N force, while 0.6:0.91: 0.93:9 and 1.35:0.16: 0.5:9 with high ductility. All materials are available in supermarkets. Higher ratio of tapioca starch can produce bookmark, with laminate effect. More tough, higher ratio of glutinous rice flour can make cups, spoons and dishes.

由於工商科技的發展帶給環境負面的影響日漸嚴重，其中尤以重金屬對台灣環境的影響較為顯著，故探討能移除排放廢水中的重金屬之有效天然資材有其重要性。以台灣天然存在之大地資源土壤中的奈米粒子來進行對汞、鎘的吸附，試驗結果得知，台灣三種代表性土類土壤中的奈米粒子確實能有效地吸附汞離子和鎘離子，且其中以對汞的吸附要大於對鎘的吸附。屬於砂頁岩沖積土的奈米粒子對汞、鎘的吸附最大，其次是黏板岩沖積土的奈米粒子，而最小的則是屬於台灣紅壤的奈米粒子。以上結果經由電化學方波伏安法的測定、電導度計法的測定與發芽率試驗結果都有相同的趨勢，顯示土壤奈米粒子可用來當作移除汞、鎘等重金屬的天然資材。 ;Effects of heavy metals are significant in Taiwanese environment due to serious impact of environment was made by development of industry and commerce. Therefore, study of removing heavy metals from waste water by natural materials is important. We need nanoparticles of natural soils to study the adsorption of mercury and cadmium ions. The experimental results indicated nanoparticles of three represent soil groups in Taiwan could adsorb effectively mercury and cadmium ions, and the adsorption of mercury ion was more than that of cadmium ion. The nanoparticles of sandstone-shale alluvial soil had largest adsorption for mercury and cadmium ions, and next for that of slate alluvial soil. The nanoparticles of red soil had smallest adsorption. All results were proved by voltammetry of electrochemistry, conductivity method and germinant percentage of vegetable seed. That obviously revealed soil nanoparticles could remove effectively mercury and cadmium ions.

本研究討論一條線和兩條線打成死結或活結的原因，再探討有寬度的線段（?帶）翻轉不同度數後黏合的情形，與由橡皮筋衍伸出的各種圖形有哪些規律與特色，最後我們也探討了一些和拓樸有關的遊戲並研究發明其他遊戲或魔術。從這次的研究中，我們發現生活中不起眼的繩子、紙帶與橡皮筋，竟然也隱含了數學的拓樸原理，而且從簡單的拓樸性質-物體或圖形在不割裂、破壞孔洞下，可任意伸縮及變形，就可以衍伸出許多神奇有趣的遊戲。

中文摘要 植物體在生長發育的過程中，有許多必要的營養素，一旦缺乏這些營養素，植物的生長 狀況會產生問題，不但會抑制植物生長，植物對外界的免疫力也會跟著下降。在台灣，水稻 不僅是台灣人賴以維生的糧食，更是台灣人引以為傲的作物。但台灣高溫多濕的海島型氣候， 適合多種稻作病害的發生，紋枯病及白葉枯病就是危害台灣稻作主要兩種病害。這些病原菌 的感染直接限制了該土地中植物的生長和生物的存活，間接的影響人類的生活。 本研究中，以水稻為實驗對象，我們主要探討六種水稻生長所必須的營養素：鈣、鎂、 鐵、鉀、氮、磷和水稻之間的關係。我們將水稻種植在缺乏某種特定元素的培養基中，觀察 其生長的異狀，以便於得知某特定元素對於水稻生長發育的影響為何。之後，再將缺乏各種 營養素的水稻及營養素供應正常的水稻，分別感染白葉枯病病原細菌及紋枯病病原菌，觀察 受感染的水稻之損傷程度，並檢測受感染植株中過氧化氫酵素活性的變化，試著歸納出其防 禦機制和營養素之間的關係，期望對其防禦機制能有進一步的了解。 英文摘要(Abstract)\r When plants grow up, there’s a lot of necessary nutrition. Once plants lack of this nutrition, some problems will occur. It can cause plant growth retardation and decrease the immune ability to the surroundings. Rice is a main cereal in Taiwan, and we are all proud of it. However, rice is frequently attacked by many pathogens , such as Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and Thanatephorus cucumeris. The infection directly limits plant growth and survive of organisms, but also indirectly effect life of human. In this research, we study the effect of nutrition deficiency such as nitrogen , phosphorus, potassium, iron , magnesium and calcium deficiency. First , we cultivate the crops on the media which lacks of some specific nutrition. After intensive observes on the plants, we can slightly discover the relationship between these nutrition and the plants. After the plants are infected by the pathogens (X. oryzae pv. oryzae and T. cucumeris) in two weeks, we record the spread of the lesion size resulted from the infection. The changes of Peroxidase activity after infection are also studied. We hope we can get a deeper understand about the immune system of rice.

雙春海濱公園五年前規劃?紅樹林栽培區，透過學校向管理單位\r 申請調查。經由兩位學姊的協助下和特有生物保育中心所提供的資\r 料，結合目前調查和測試結果，對紅樹林成長過程中所產生的環境和\r 動物相改變，能有更詳細的探討。\r (一)、四種紅樹林品種以海茄苳成長最快繁殖力也比較強，其次是紅\r 海欖。\r (二)、紅樹林的成長伴隨環境因素的改變：\r 1. 砂土的攔截堆積量明顯增加。\r 2. 土壤的酸性因種植的紅樹林品種而有所改變。\r 3. 水質由於指標生物的出現間接可知有所改善。\r 4. 枯枝落葉等有機質增加提供食物網的基層能量。\r 5. 河道縮減導致漲潮時潮水漫流到低漥處。\r (三)、動物相的改變：\r 1. 以魚類魚苗、螺、貝和蟹類的種類和數量增加最明顯。\r 2. 養殖業中常出現的無脊椎寄生蟲數量增加，間接可以得知宿主\r 的數量也會有相對的增加。\r 3. 許多以往紅樹林調查未曾紀錄過的海鞘和星蟲均有新紀錄。\r Shuang-chun Coastal Park is planned as the planting region of mangrove during\r five years. The investigation is granted through our school’s application to the\r authorities concerned. Through the assistance of two senior alumni and the\r information offered by ESRI, combined with our investigation and the testing result,\r we can conduct a more detailed discussion about the changing phases of the\r environment and animals during the growing process of the mangrove.\r (I) Of the four species of mangroves, Avicennia marina grows the fastest with\r superior reproduction, and second comes Rhizophora mucronata.\r (II) The growth of mangrove accompanying the factor in the change of the\r environment:\r 1. The apparent increase in the sand piling\r 2. The variation of the soil acidity subject to the differences of mangroves\r 3. The quality of water is known to improve indirectly due to the existence of\r target living things.\r 4. Withered twigs and fallen leaves form organic substances to offer the bottom\r energy of the food chain.\r 5. The shrinkage of the river width leads to the overflowing of the low-lying area\r when the tide is on the flow.\r (III) The changes in the animal phase\r 1. The apparent increase in the species and number of fish fry, spiral shells, shells,\r and crabs.\r 2. The increase in the spineless parasites existing in the aquaculture, indirectly\r estimating the proportional increase in the hosts of the parasites.\r 3. A new record of tunicate and Sipunculus sp.，which were not recorded in the\r past many mangrove investigations.\r \r

地球自轉角速率大於月球公轉角速率，易使人認為月球本影在地表是由東向西運動。事實上，月球本影在地表是由西向東運動，而且月球本影在地表的線速率大於地球自轉的切線速率甚多。本研究以天體運動原理建構月球本影在地表之線速率的「簡易關係式」，並以NASA的資料驗證。研究發現：建構的「簡易關係式」能推算月球本影的地表線速率和地球自轉切線速率的關係，和NASA的數據比較，符合度達94.76﹪。此關係式具簡易、準確的特性，可解釋發生最大日全食時，月球本影的地表線速率大於地球自轉的切線速率；和月球本影由西至東穿越地表，以及月球由西至東掩蓋太陽之原因。

本研究利用熱電致冷晶片(Thermoelectric Cooling Module)、溫控器、壓克力材料、回收電腦風扇與電源供應器，製作植物生長箱，以冷端面選擇非洲堇與食蟲植物，熱端則以仙人掌、空氣鳳梨栽種。實驗與設計得到下列論點：一、晶片無噪音、耗電量少，且冷熱面皆可以運用。二、壓克力隔熱效果不佳，但透光性好，成本低。三、可經由散熱膏塗抹於晶片方式，可增加晶片效率。四、風扇與對流設置點、濕度控制，有助於植物生長五、冷端放置高山型或寒帶植物，生長情況良好。六、晶片的EER=25/0.01985=1259.46(Kcal/H)／KW，每月電費34.015元。

將高中課程所學到的巴斯卡三角形做點變化，原本以「1」為首、「+」為運算符號，現在則改成以「-1」或「ω 」為首、「×」為運算符號，新產生的三角形隱藏著某種規律性，為了更全面性的瞭解這種規律，使用電腦軟體套色繪出圖形。圖形本身具有明顯的遞迴關係，我們於是嘗試描述此種具規律性的模式；同時，我們也探討了所指定列中的某數字（如-1、ω 或ω2 ）的個數，並以通式表示之；我們發現國外的研究報告都採用同餘觀點來看改變後的巴斯卡三角形，他們將巴斯卡三角形以某數為模的餘數記錄下，並探討這些餘數在圖形中的分布情形，這個觀點讓我們重新檢視第一個數放「-1」或「ω 」且運算符號為「×」的巴斯卡三角形，發現其實可看作是以「2」為模與以「3」為模的巴斯卡三角形，並探討任一列同類餘數的個數。最後，希望能以一個演算法或通式，算出所指定列與行的該數為何。

此研究以設計自動化發票對獎的系統（Award-checking System,簡稱ACS）為目標。架設網路攝影機拍攝發票上的數字，經由自製的二值化演算法、雜訊處理以及字元切割方法，將數字逐一取出，擷取影像中特徵向量，經過訓練完成的「支持向量機」模組判讀影像中的數字，進而對獎。其中為了達到自動化對獎的效果，以微控制器操控機械手臂翻取發票，與電腦端使用遠端程序呼叫的通訊協定，進行系統整合。 實驗後得知於此系統上，以顏色為依據的二值化方法之正確率為Otsu（最大類間方差法）演算法的2.88倍；且自製的光學數字字符識別（Optical Digital Character Recognition, 簡稱ODCR）較一般OCR(Optical Character Recognition)程式高出約18%的正確率。

在此文中我們研究： 一個 n×4 的長方形網格中，所有從(1, 1)或(1, 4)出發，在不重複且經過每個格子點的情況下，走到(n, 1)結束的所有路徑總數分別為 Tn 、Un。 In our research, we study a n× 4 rectangular network lattice, of which all the routes are starting from (1, 1) (resp.(1, 4)), and ending at (n, 1) (situations are considered only on the conditions of passing every spot and not being repeated ). And we set the sum of all the different routes as Tn (resp. Un).

聚苯胺導電高分子的發展蓬勃迅速， 其應用也愈趨廣泛， 金屬防蝕為其可能應用之一。台灣四面環海， 工業發達， 造成金屬腐蝕損害嚴重。本文為探討聚苯胺導電高分子在鐵系金屬防蝕上之應用， 針對以下各點進行研究：（ 1.） 探討導電高分子聚苯胺性質與合成方法（ 2.） 探討聚苯胺導電原理（ 3.）測試不同腐蝕條件下聚苯胺的防蝕效果（ 4.）探討聚苯胺防蝕原理（ 5.）各種氧化還原態聚苯胺防蝕效果之比較。實驗結果顯示塗布聚苯胺與未塗布聚苯胺之鐵系金屬（ 生鐵、不鏽鋼、鍍鋅鐵）在3﹪ 氯化鈉、0.5M鹽酸、1M 鹽酸鹽酸溶液中之腐蝕狀況， 以鹼式中間氧化態聚苯胺（ Emeraldinebase）最具防蝕效果。聚苯胺防蝕機構包含阻隔防護、腐蝕抑制劑、陽極保護、惰性化、形成保護性氧化物薄膜、阻礙離子擴散速率、電化學介面遷移等機構。\r 英文摘要：\r The development and application of the conducting polymer polyaniline is getting prosperous and popular. One of the applications is corrosion protection. Because Taiwan is surrounded by sea and the pollution of industry is more and more serious than before, the damage of corrosion is greater and should be properly controlled. In this paper, the authors attempted to study the effect of the corrosion protection of polyaniline in ferrous metal. This study could be divided into four parts: (1) the study of the property and synthesis methods for the conducting polymer polyaniline, (2) the conduction theory of the polymer polyaniline, (3) The corrosion protection effects of the polymer polyaniline under different corrosion situations, (4) the corrosion protection theory of the polymer polyaniline, and (5) the comparison of the corrosion protection effects of various polymer polyanilines. According to the experimental results, the Emeraldine-based polyaniline gets the best corrosion protection effect. The mechanism of corrosion protection may be the result of the following ones: barrier protection, corrosion inhibitor, anode protection, innobeling, chemical active layer, inhibition of diffusion rate, and the shift of electrochemical interface.