The purpose of the Actuator is to create a practical device that passively exercises\r the lower legs to help prevent blood clots, Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT), in\r wheelchair-bound individuals of any age. The secondary purpose of the device is to\r improve range of motion of the lower legs and speed the recovery of their leg action. It is hoped that this invention will help to prevent DVT, and allow some people to even use their legs again, through passive or active muscular motion. The invention was produced using a number of prototypes and design sketches. Although the current model is quite functional, as it keeps the users legs in motion, it is still in the prototypic design stage.\r The Actuator is a simple to use, easy to retrofit device. It is also portable and will be\r able to attach onto the front of any wheelchair. It harnesses the motion of the wheelchair to drive the users legs in a circular motion.\r The invention was tested in a closed and controlled environment: the duration of the\r Actuator’s use was constant, a doctor was present to take blood pressure and heart rate, and the rotation speed of the user’s legs was controlled by keeping the wheelchair speed constant. The data was collected by monitoring heart rate and skin surface temperature of healthy individuals, and blood pressure and heart rate of a wheelchair bound individual.\r As seen with both experiments (wheelchair bound, and healthy individuals) heart rate\r increased. In addition, the wheelchair bound individual’s heart rate also noticeably\r increased, with an evident increase in blood pressure as well. However, skin surface\r temperature is sensitive to surroundings and often provides little indication of deep vein blood flow, thus the skin surface temperature measurements were too inaccurate for any conclusions to be formulated.\r The inventor’s grandmother had developed DVT’s in 2005, and passed away because of them. Had she been given an Actuator it may have prevented such a tragedy. Her death was the driving force behind the project’s development. Over the time period that this project has been in process, the true potential of this invention has been realized.\r I truly believe that it will revolutionize the way that we treat people in wheelchairs, and the way people in wheelchairs can treat themselves.

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本研究主要目的在於設計一套環保節能、價格低廉且維修方便的水族整合系統。因此我們針對市面上常見的水族設備進行優缺點分析，並且從冷卻、過濾與溫控三大方向進行研究與改良。實驗過程有以下幾點重要心得與發現：小型水族系統可採用致冷晶片(Thermoelectric Cooling, TEC)作為冷卻機的冷卻核心，其整體表現優於傳統壓縮式冷卻機；致冷晶片的「熱面」散熱越好，「冷面」致冷力也越好；致冷晶片雖然運作電壓越大時，降溫幅度越大，但最佳經濟模式為在電壓12V下運作；致冷晶片在室溫越高的情況下運作，冷卻效果越好；致冷晶片搭配電子式控溫器，水溫控制的精確度較高，但也因啟動次數較多，造成晶片故障率提高；我們所研發的「微風六型不鏽鋼冷卻平台」為升降水溫的最佳介面；「微風六型水族冷暖機」搭配「側面強制過濾+底部過濾」的過濾方式將可適用於所有的水族養殖系統；「微風六型水族冷暖整合系統」採模組化設計，維修容易、價格低廉且環保節能為值得推廣的水族整合系統。

Our goal is to make roll call systems at schools technological. While Rolling Call system is getting technological capacities some useful outcomes occur as well like; To remove the cost for class books by abolishing the class books used for roll call To eliminate mistakes with the usage of class book .(The numbers written incorrectly) To save again a large amount of waste paper( The short messages will be send to the parents instead of mailing the letters to the their adresses once a week about their students' absance.) To improve communication among school and parents ,by this way to prevent various kinds of problems arising from absenteeism. To make teachers school boards more efficently and motivated besides their affairs will get easier as well. To save time of school managers(They have no Works like saving the absenteeisms into e-school network because everything including all the absenteeism info will be carried into the system automatically) To save time of each lesson the teachers will not loose time for the roll call ,so they will be able to devote their time to their students and training. -Technological polling mechanism will contribute to education, this contribution will make all the students and teachers happy because all the teachers carry concern whether their curriculum will be finished or not through this system recording all the rests of teachers because of illnesses and some national celebrations.

能源危機帶動太陽電池發展，卻受制於難以進一步的提升效率，因此，我們研究其結構與基本性質，如：不照光時的順、逆向偏壓、導通電壓及照光下不同照度、光源、太陽電池種類填充因子的比較，並了解不同負載下的最大功率。隨著實驗的延展，探究照度、入射光的波段、入射角度及經大氣層厚度對太陽電池的影響。經過數據分析及研究之後，我們發現太陽電池確有PN二極體之特性，導通電壓約為0.7伏特、太陽電池的填充因子，以單晶矽為最佳，其次是非晶矽、另外，陽光比單槍的光源更適合太陽電池工作。以濾光片將特定波長以下的光線濾除，並推算出能隙。另外，電流的大小與入射角之cosθ成正比，這也是為什麼太陽能板必須旋轉而使陽光保持垂直入射。

在參考文獻 Chemistry In The Marketplace 中，讀到若將兩個大小不等的泡泡連通，由於內壓差的關係，小泡泡內的氣體會向大泡泡移動。我們想實際實驗泡泡是否真會如此移動？可不可能發生相反的情形？能不能用泡泡移動的現象來比較液體的界面張力大小？

具有長短兩軸的對稱性剛體，譬如半橢球，在施加適當質量配重後，給予其Z 軸方向的 初角速度，將會逐漸上下震盪、搖擺，而後改變原先的角速度方向，朝相反的方向逆轉回來。 此現象稱為「逆旋現象」，本研究分析關於配重、質心距離與表面摩擦係數等因素的影響，利 用光點投影方式判讀其軌跡，並建立數學模型以驗證物理原理。研究發現，動摩擦垂直長軸 的分力所造成的力矩，將會導致逆旋的發生，並且，對本研究的剛體模型而言，加以20g 配 重，與長軸夾45°距質心5.5cm 且動摩擦系數為0.1227 時，逆轉角度有最大值。當長短兩軸 的震盪頻率相近時，甚至會發生兩軸能量的耦合現象，而有不只一次的逆旋。 The phenomenon was found for rigid bodies with long and short symmetrical axes, such as half-ellipsoids. We add extra masses ( Δm ) to a stone of the shape of half-ellipsoid and then give it an initial angular velocity ( 0 ω ) to make it spin. While the stone spins, the two symmetric axes start oscillating up and down. Then, remarkably, the spin of the stone slows down while the amplitude of oscillation increases until the direction of angular velocity reverses. This process is called “Rattle Back Spin-Reversed Phenomenon.” Our study involves the effect of several parameters on the above phenomenon, such as the shape of the stone, the added mass, and the friction between the stone and the table surface. We try to build a physical model to explain the spin-reversed phenomenon which can be recorded by tracing the motion of the stone with optical means. According to our study, the shape of the stone and the distribution of the added mass played crucial roles. The torque generated by kinetic friction along the long axis also helps the spin to reverse. Furthermore, in our experiment, we record a maximum reverse angle with following settings: two sets of 10 grams of mass are symmetrically added to the flat side of half-ellipsoid, in the distance of 5.5 cm to the C.M. of stone and an included 45 degrees angle with a long axis. And the most surprising finding is that when the oscillation frequencies of two symmetric axes are close to each other, the spin of the stone can reverse twice.

1. Introduction Passive method is widely used for measuring air pollutant for one day to several weeks. This method can be used easily and doesn’t need electricity, but expensive devices are needed for measuring substances, so this is not suitable for high school students for measuring or investigating. Then, we focused on the reaction, in which Indigo, the blue pigment, is discolored by ozone, and we built up a hypothesis, that indigo is suitable for measuring ozone concentration. 2. Experimental Section We soaked a 10 mm×20 mm filter paper in an indigo solution, including hosphoric acid. Then, they were dried in an automatic oven. 5.5 cm×10 cm PTFE sheet was fold in two and five sheets of indigo filters were fixed inside (passive sampler). The passive samplers were fixed on a stand and exposed to ozone in the atmosphere. After a few days, we collected the samplers and put each indigo filter and 4.0 mL of ion-exchange water into sample tubes. Then we shook this and extracted the color pigment. We had the average value of 600 nm from the five sheets as a measure value. 3. Results and Discussion The total amount of ozone for one to seven days measured in the experiment was directly proportional to the amount of ozone measured by Osaka Prefecture. We found that we can measure ozone in atmosphere using our method. Passive method has an advantage: it can be carried out easily. We employed this trait and measured ozone concentration at 23 points simultaneously in the north of Osaka for 48 hours. We made the map of ozone concentration by marking on a blank map. The map we made was just like the map published by Osaka Prefecture. We expect that this method will be useful in measuring ozone, where measuring devices are not available. 4. Conclusion We succeeded developing new method for measuring ozone in the atmosphere by passive method using indigo, the blue pigment.

數字波是探討在直線上的起始點、位移速度、總數相互變化的節點關係。在直線上，將全部格子數做為總數(m)，開始彈跳的點為起始點(i)，每次彈跳的格子數為位移速度(s)，被踩到的格子就是節點。節點是由位移速度和起始點決定，起始點本身可視為節點之一，之後的節點是由起始點加n 個位移速度產生。我們分別以三種型式討論：起始點等於位移速度，總數增加：使起始點和位移速度所代表的數字相同的彈跳。節點呈2、s、s+2…起始點固定，位移速度與總數增加：觀察位移速度和總數的關係。兩節點的和=s+2位移速度固定，起始點與總數增加：探討起始點和總數的關係。發現節點隨起始點有規律的變化在上述討論的型式中，我們再進一步將位移速度分為質數和合數，進而依其因數變化，可觀測到很多特殊的節點變化。The number wave is to discuss the relationship of the starting point, the moving speed, and the variations of total amount. In straight lines, let all the trellises be total amount (m), and let the starting jumping point be the starting point (i). The trellis number of each jump is the moving speed(s). The trodden trellises are knots. And knots are decided by the moving speed and the starting point. The starting point itself can be viewed as a knot. The following knots produce with the starting point and n moving speeds. We respectively discuss them in three types: When the starting point equals the moving speed, the total amount increases. The number of the starting point is the same with the jumping moving point; the knots are 2, s, s+2…. When the starting point is fixed, the moving speed and the total number increase. From observing the relationship between the moving speed and the total number, the sum of two knots is s+2. When the moving speed is fixed, the starting point and the total number increase. After our research into the relationship between the starting point and the total amount, we find the knots have regular variations with the starting point. From the types discussed above, we further divide the moving speed into prime numbers and non-prime numbers. Furthermore, according to the factor variations, we can see a lot of specific knot variations.

Vacuum packaging is a packaging technique intended to extend the shelf life of food via the removal of air from an enclosed package prior to sealing. This process limits the growth of aerobic bacteria or fungi due to oxygen deprivation. In this work, we present a novel do-it-yourself vacuum packaging device using the exchange of water and air between two bottles to continuously generate a vacuum-suction effect. The sizes of bottle and vacuum bag were investigated for its impact on the vacuum generation in a plastic bag containing smoked fish sausages. Large commercial 3.1-litre PET bottle generated more vacuum than the smaller ones. An equilibrated vacuum pressure of a smaller plastic bag was lower than that of a larger size. With 3.1-litre PET bottles, the vacuum pressure for 3”x5”, 5”x8” and 6”x9” bags was equilibrated at 8, 10, 18 mmHg, respectively. Sausages packaged by our device last for 14 days when they were kept in -20oC refrigerator, which was comparable to those packed by the commercial vacuum packaging system for household use. This project demonstrates an application of simple science in a real life situation as well as a promotion of environmental protection idea as the electricity is not used in the vacuum generation process and the disposed plastic bottles can be reused.

This research is aimed to make an in-depth exploration into Raoul’s Law and Henry’s Law by using an accurate but simple vapor pressure gauge. The gauge is constructed from non-complicated electronics components- electronics IC PCB, film resistor, digital multi-meter, and battery. In the first step, we measured the vapor pressure of six kinds of liquids and 3 liquid mixtures- water, ethanol, chloroform, acetone, benzene, toluene, mixture of water and ethanol, mixture of chloroform and acetone, mixture benzene and toluene. From the results of this experiments, the vapor pressures of water and ethanol liquid mixture, and chloroform and acetone liquid mixture were slightly lower than their theoretic values-called negative deviation solution, while the vapor pressure of the benzene and toluene liquid mixture was quite close to its theoretic value-near an ideal solution. In the second step, the individual vapor pressures of water, ethanol, and chloroform were measured at various temperatures; the vapor heat(ΔH) were calculated by using the lausius-Clapeyron equation. In the final step, we used the gauge and other non-commercial instruments to measure the B.O.D. values of water from the Kaohsiung Love River, found the P-T correlation using Gay-Lussac’s Law, and calculated the absolute zero temperature value by extrapolation. 本研究是利用一些簡易的電子元件－電路IC板、電阻膜、數位三用電表和電瓶來組裝一 個準確、簡易的氣壓量測器。我們將此量測器用來深入探討「拉午耳定律」及「亨利定律」 。 首先，我們測量了水、乙醇、氯仿、丙酮、苯、甲苯等六種純液體的蒸氣壓，並測量了(水＋乙醇)、(氯仿＋丙酮)、(苯＋甲苯)等兩成份系溶液的混合蒸氣壓。結果發現(水＋乙醇) 、(氯仿＋丙酮)的混合蒸氣壓都比理論值低了一些，此稱為負偏差溶液；(苯＋甲苯)的混合蒸氣壓與理論值差不多，較接近理想溶液。 接下來，我們還測量了不同溫度下水、酒精及丙酮的蒸氣壓，並利用clausius－clapeyron equation求出液體純質的汽化熱( H Δ )。 最後，我們還搭配了自製的儀器裝置，來測定愛河水質的B.O.D.值(生化需氧量)以及探討氣體的給呂薩克定律(P~T關係)，並利用外差法來推求絕對零度。