Beings inherit various morphs and natural ability properties from their genetic parents to adapt to the environment and survive; Precis iphita iphita , for instance, is a best example of it. Although few literatures on Precis iphita iphita is found, through long-term field observation on the food intake, nest building, avoiding predator of immature stage, and living domain, the oviposition, plant preference of the adult, different stages of morphs and changes of behavior can be classified obviously when there are environmental or weather changes. The above can help investigate how they interact and influence with plants. This study aims to record and describe various behaviors and surrounding changes for Precis iphita iphita. 生物為適應環境求取生存，從親代遺傳許多形態、本能；黑擬蛺蝶（Precis iphita iphita） 的生活史就是個很好的例子。雖然文獻報告對黑擬蛺蝶的形態與行為描述不多，但藉由野外 長期實地觀察幼蟲的攝食、築巢、躲避天敵，以及成蝶的領域、產卵、食草選擇，可明顯區 分當環境、氣候產生變化時，黑擬蛺蝶不同蟲期的蟲體都有許多外在行為的改變，可作為探 討其與植物間的交互作用和影響。本研究旨在描述黑擬蛺蝶各種不同的行為與當時環境的狀 態，並將實際觀察所得詳實記載，以供他人比較參考。

The apricot kernel is believed to have a great medicinal value in many cultures. However, literature and research indicates that this belief still remains extremely controversial and conclusions regarding the medicinal value are ambiguous due to the presence of cyanide in the kernel. The focus of this research was to evaluate two objectives through the use of several integrated technologies and modified methods: (a) To successfully remove the cyanide from the apricot kernel using an adapted method; (b) To determine the effects of the cyanide free apricot kernel extracts on Helicobacter pylori and Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria. Procedures The apricot kernels were removed from the pits and then ground using a food processor. The kernels were then tested for cyanide using a cyanide test kit and Cyantesmo test tape. These tests indicated that cyanide was present. A novel approach was devised to remove the cyanide and when retested, the kernels tested negative for cyanide. This result was confirmed with Infrared Spectroscopy. The cyanide free kernels were then extracted using a Soxhlet Extractor with methanol for 24 hours. In addition to the methanol extraction, three other techniques were used to obtain kernel extracts: (a) Celite filtration, (b) Infusion Method A, (c) Infusion Method B. The Kirby Bauer method was modified for the microbiology aspect of this project. The Helicobacter pylori and Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria were plated using a 0.5 McFarland Standard. Paper filter discs containing 20µL of each extract were placed onto the inoculated plates in replicates of nine. After 48 hours of incubation, the zones of inhibition were read for each plate. Data The results were extremely encouraging and therefore to ensure the accuracy and preciseness of the data collected, four statistical analyses were completed. These include Confidence Intervals (CI), Standard Deviation (STDEV), T-Tests, and Chi Tests. The methanol extract was significantly different from the control in all trials. The Chi test also yielded a Chi Square value of 223, which was significantly greater than the critical value of 15.507, indicating that the results observed were not due to coincidence. Conclusion Literature evidence has indicated that the apricot kernel has been and is still used for medicinal purposes. Studies have shown that the presence of cyanide and the risks associated with this compound outweigh any benefits gained from the kernel. It has also been suggested that previous bacterial testing resulting in positive inhibition may have been due to the presence of cyanide. However, in this study, I was able to remove the cyanide through an innovative method to prove that the biological activity observed was highly unlikely to be due to cyanide. This indicates that there are other compound(s) in the apricot kernel that have specific antibacterial properties. The potential to improve the quality of life through the application of the apricot kernel appears to be supported, and further studies justified at this time.

本實驗中利用二氧化鈦能在常溫下經紫外線催化，分解空氣中的水分子，產生自由基的特性，攻擊幾丁聚醣中碳與氧鍵結的部分，使chitin 的分子量成功的從近50000 降解至3000以下；並可利用照射時間的不同，降解出分子量不同的chitin。此法不但大大排除利用化學法降解時廢液處理上的問題，而且還能利用照紫外光時間長短的不同來控制分子量的大小；又奈米級二氧化鈦(TiO?)在紫外光在短短四個小時之內就有很好的降解效果，除了節省了反應所需的時間外，降解前後幾丁聚醣的濃度也很高，因此所需的成本也遠低於當今利用酵素降解的方法。In the experiment, we used the properties of TiO? that can be catalyzed by UV rays and breaking the molecules of H?O and produce free radicals, which free radicals can attack the chemical bond between carbon and oxygen in chitin, successfully degrading chitin's molecular weight from 50000 to 3000.We also use different shining times to degrade chitosan into different molecular weight. In this way, we not only readily solve the problem of treating waste liquids produced by chemical degradation, but also control the molecular weight by different UV ray shining time. For another thing, TiO? in the nanometer level has excellent effect on degradation within 4 hours under UV ray shining. It not only cut back the reaction time but also produced high concentration of the chitin after degradation. As a result, the cost is much lower than that of using enzyme to degrade chitin.

一. 此研究是探討物體自由搖擺的現象，單擺和複擺是在物理學上常見的擺動現象，都是一種固定支點的擺動現象，尤其複擺運動時，擺動物體受轉動慣性影響而造成支點的受力，為一種拘束的第一向後運動現象。而本研究在探討多自由度自由支點的單一方向度之擺動現象。二. 本實驗從這幾種方向分別探討1. 扇形體在平面上之擺動2. 平板在圓弧面上之擺動3. 扇形體在圓弧曲面上之擺動三. 經我們實驗研究結果發現，在地球重力場中沒有固定支點的搖擺現象，是受到下列幾種因素影響1. 搖擺形體的形狀，其質量慣性矩的影響。2. 擺動物體與接觸路徑的相互影響。3. 擺動質量對擺動的頻率影響很小。This research explores the phenomena of swinging objects--- simple pendulum andcompound pendulum, which are constantly observed in physics. The inertial moment of the swing produces pressure to fixed points of support on which the swings occur, especially in compound pendulum, which are classified as restricted single freedom. The study provided here explores the phenomena of the frequency of unfixed supporting points. The exploration of this research develops experimentally as follows: a. fan shaped objects swinging on the plane surface b. flats swinging on the arced surface c. fan shaped objects swinging on the are-curved surface An impressive conclusion that there is no swinging phenomenon of fixed supporting points in gravity field on earth is achieved from the above experiments. A number of factors influence the phenomena of swings: a. the shapes of swinging objects and the influence of mass inertial moment b. the interaction between swinging objects and interfacing paths c. little influence from swinging mass to the swinging frequency

異族效應可能是造成種族歧視的原因。本研究透過按鍵反應及腦波儀的形式，對本國人及高加索人兩族群進行受試。實驗中，我們給予受試者兩種族群、正反兩種方向和七種情緒的刺激材料，請受試者辨識情緒，受試完畢後再利用ANOVA、EEG lab等分析行為實驗數據及腦波圖。分析結果發現：按鍵反應方面，高加索人較會辨認情緒，也表現出較強的同理心；本國人對兩種族皆產生面部倒置效應、高加索人則僅對於本國人產生；高加索人判斷正臉情緒時會有異族效應，本國人判斷時則正反皆無。腦波儀方面，每一種情緒的異族效應是相似的，就腦內影響的區域而言，本國人面部倒反效應多由枕葉影響，高加索人則多由額葉影響，本國人異族效應由右腦影響，且僅出現在刺激後150～200毫秒，高加索人則未呈現異族效應。另外，異族效應與面部倒反效應間具有交互作用，於是在臉部辨識上的正反差異就會呈現不同結果。將上述結果進一層地推論，可得知異族效應是後天學習行為，而面部倒反效應則是受本能與後天學習共同影響而產生。 期望本研究結果未來能運用在社會議題或心理學研究上，減少異族效應可能產生的負面影響。

NO.61-04 2022 AUG | 科學研習期刊目錄 本期專題 HOMING找家 找家：回到人與萬物共存的希望星球── 一場生命演化的精彩大戲 | 張鈞翔 臺灣苔蘚植物多樣性初探 | 楊嘉棟 稻米多樣性之面面觀 | 董致韡 教學現場 愛你入骨──骨骼大探索 | 李弘善 低成本維管束縱向標本製作與課堂應用 | 廖酉鎮 導入STEAM於高中微課程之設計與實踐（上）：以基礎醫學課程為例 | 王瑜琦、鄭瑋宜、柯翠玲、王淑綺 科學新知 2021年夏季的全球性極端天氣 | 盧孟明 特約專題 以《布魯克林大橋》繪本進行STEAM教學之實踐──我是橋梁建築師 | 劉淑雯、葉惠華 戶外STEAM教育特色課程開發——植物藍晒書籤 | 陳磊、黃琴扉 唐偉成 森棚教官數學題──向左轉向右轉 | 游森棚 科教館GO好玩 魚標本導入小小館員活動 | 廖雅婷、邱利、林怡萱 科教館邀你到全新生物多樣性展區「找家」 | 王若憶 總召集人的話 突破源於好奇心（默克）、創意急轉彎（索尼創意科學大賞）、科學平權（科思創）…，這些對於企業社會責任有使命感的公司，無不以科學為主題舉辦活動或是競賽去鼓勵小朋友發揮創意。我們的許多創意阻塞缺乏是源自於對自然的觀察太少或是不夠入微。如何喚醒被壓抑許久的好奇心？ 如何在長期好奇心的積累之下有好的創意？ 如何將好的創意具體實現？ 如何思考讓任何人都可以平等的接觸科學？ 有空多到戶外親近大自然、多到教育部轄下的五大科教館所走走，相信親臨現場的接觸，會喚醒您的好奇心、啟發您的創意。創意的具體實現更是需要真正的動手、嘗試、修正才能完成；一個系統中如果有太多光說不練的人，會讀書的很多、只會給意見的很多，能實踐動手的很少，這樣整個系統很快會崩壞；所以我們要向那些努力在基層、偏鄉、科教館所等地，透過設計、引導及演示來讓小朋友動手的科普社群老師們致敬。 本期專題 〈找家：回到人與萬物共存的希望星球──一場生命演化的精采大戲〉科博館張鈞翔博士寫得很有畫面，從一張手繪圖就精準的展現脊椎動物從海到陸的演化歷程，又談到驅使脊椎動物重返海洋，和魚類一起分享這廣大瑰麗的海洋世界的原因。從生物的特徵對應到其生存之道-如獵捕與奔逃等，生命演化充滿了新生、變化、滅絕…。「滅絕是生命不朽的代價」這句寫得真棒，雖然病毒不是生命，但對應到現在COVID-19病毒的變種，讓人即時有感。〈臺灣苔蘚植物多樣性初探〉特生中心楊嘉棟主任指出，臺灣的地理位置加上地形和氣候因素（洋流、氣流、颱風），形成相當高的物種多樣性，是世界上苔蘚植物種類最豐富的地區之一。多變的微環境因子造就了苔癬這群小而美的綠色小精靈。您知道這綠色小精靈跟蘭花種植及威士忌釀造有關嗎？它來自何方？ 苔蘚除了作為環境指標偵測還有那些特異功能？〈稻米多樣性之面面觀〉每天吃的米飯，是如何透過雜交，再經過多年繁殖、選拔、評估而育成的高產品種？ 我們看到的水稻是淹在水裡、稻實滿滿不易脫落；栽培稻是如何一步一步從野生稻演化出或是被人類『馴化』成如此豐富的遺傳變異及多樣性？ 循著時間軸的紀錄軌跡，許多考古學家與遺傳學家試圖透過科學方法解開這個謎團，DNA 裡記錄著過去所發生的突變、天擇、人擇、移地適應及遺傳物質重組、互換、交流等等事件；臺大農藝系董致韡教授跟您說分明。 教學現場 有本書叫「露骨」是在講X射線如何影響這個世界的故事，有部電視劇Bones（識骨尋踪），也是透過骨頭展現的蛛絲馬跡去反溯兇案的起因；這些都是很棒的骨頭教材。能具體描述骨頭的許多特徵是展現學生在教學現場學習的成效表現，李弘善老師透過〈愛你入骨──骨骼大探索〉一文與您分享及探究教學現場的經驗及樂趣。〈低成本維管束縱向標本製作與課堂應用〉教學現場的廖酉鎮老師透過巧思教您簡易的、不費時且低成本的製作根、莖、葉維管束壓製玻片，利用隨手可得的材料親手製作與觀察維管束標本，顯微鏡下的觀察，美麗又開心。〈導入STEAM於高中微課程之設計與實踐（上）：以基礎醫學課程為例〉王瑜琦教授等四位作者透過三門基礎醫學相關的高中微課程（微生物、營養及解剖）實施，讓讀者理解教學現場導入STEAM的課程設計與學習成效。 科學新知 〈2021年夏季的全球性極端天氣〉為何2000年之後北半球夏季極端天氣比以前更加頻繁和劇烈？ 極端天氣是現在的常態，也是讓人很不習慣的當下狀態。臺大大氣系盧孟明教授透過「準共振放大效應quasi-resonant amplification （QRA）」去連結極端氣候及「行星尺度準駐波」和「北極增溫的放大效應」三者的關係。許多不確定的天氣現象也有待更多的觀測及建模來解釋，這代表還有很多可以研究的空間。 特約專欄 〈以《布魯克林大橋》繪本進行STEAM教學之實踐──我是橋梁建築師〉劉淑雯老師及葉惠華老師展現課程規畫及教學成果及成效討論。〈戶外STEAM教育特色課程開發——植物藍晒書籤〉黃琴扉教授團隊結合戶外活動與科學動手做活動製作植物藍晒書籤，分享其經驗及成果。〈森棚教官數學題──向左轉向右轉〉一文以立方體為例，走到角落可能往左可能往右，再一直走下去，當走到原來的出發點時，平均每個邊被走了幾次？如果正方體改成足球呢？題目刺激，大家趕緊動動腦，也拿出紙張塗個鴉有助思考。 科教館GO好玩 〈魚標本導入小小館員活動〉如何製作魚標本？本文有詳細介紹，也結合正在進行的展出投稿本文章；同時導入小小博物館員教育活動之中；如果小小博物館員體驗營使用的是真正的魚而非護貝之魚，那對受眾會是更有感覺。〈科教館邀你到全新生物多樣性展區「找家」〉一個科學博物館中，常設展才是主體，呈現的是館員的功力，特展是外面來的，呈現的是別人的策展能力。歷時五年用心籌畫「生物多樣性常設展廳」更新，規劃全新4樓展區 找家HOMING：回到人與萬物共存的希望星球 。希望讀者可以常常蒞臨觀賞體驗由四個展區組成的《找家》常設展。 總召編輯委員 - 李旺龍 關於本刊 出版單位：國立臺灣科學教育館 發行人：劉火欽 總召集人：李旺龍 編輯委員： 物理科吳仲卿/余進忠/戴明鳳/朱慶琪 | 化學科古建國/王伯昌/林如章/周金城/黃琴扉 | 生物科王美芬/蕭世輝/張育傑/辛懷梓/郭淑妙 | 地球科學許民陽/王郁軒/謝隆欽/盧孟明 科技科張玉山/汪殿杰/林育沖/徐新逸 | 數學科李源順/游森棚/嚴志弘/高欣欣 | 跨領域學科李名揚/劉淑雯/吳嫻/李芝瑜 | 特約專欄 游森棚/黃琴扉/陳正改/劉淑雯 策劃：李耕雲 主編：吳中益 本月專題特約主編：王美芬 編輯：佟冠誼/林博雅 網頁設計編輯：施曉恬/程語涵 投稿規範請來信詢問：article@mail.ntsec.gov.tw

本實驗在微小的測試環境下，以熱線風速計偵測壓縮空氣流經圓柱鈍體後方渦旋逸放的頻率，推導出雷諾數(Re) 與史卓荷數(St) 之關係。預期能利用有效雷諾數的概念，探討加熱圓柱流場的Re-St 關係，將25℃、50℃、100℃、150℃、200℃時的臨界雷諾數回歸成有效臨界雷諾數，導出Re 之分母---空氣黏度，以後便能以此不同環境溫度所對應之空氣黏度方程式，於各式環境下量得空氣的黏度。但因為在實驗中碰到了量測精度的限制，所以這個部份只有做現象的探討，並由觀測渦流逸放頻率發現到加熱圓柱確實可有效地穩定流場。未來也將會提高量測的精度，以期望能達到辨識氣體的效果。;The purpose of this experiment is to measure the vortex-shedding frequency while the compressed air flow over a cylinder by hot-wire anemometer and all of the experiment is set up at the small testing environment. By this way, we can find out the relationship of Reynolds number and Strouhal number. We expect that research the relationship between Re and St while flow over a heated cylinder by using the concept of effective Reynolds number. We can get the effective Re by curving fitting the critical Re at 25℃、50℃、100℃、150℃、200℃each and derive out the viscosity of the air. After this, then we can measure the viscosity of the air everywhere after knowing the viscosity with respect to the specific temperature. We only discuss the phenomena at this part, because the limitation of the accuracy of the instrument. We also observe that a heated cylinder can stabilize the flow field effectively by the vortex-shedding frequency. We are going to enhance the accuracy of the instrument and fulfill the gas identification.

A novel and simple method was developed to determine the activity of silver in nanometer particles more than in non-nanometer particles. The conductivity of conducting polymer, polyaniline (PANI) doped with different amount of nanometer silver particles was used to evaluated the activity of nanometer silver. In polymerization of polyaniline, hydrogen chloride solution usually used to increase the conductivity of polyaniline. When 1%(w/w) nanometer silver particles doped during the polymerization, the conductivity of polyaniline was down from 2.28 s/cm to 0.65 s/cm, then increased with increasing the amount of nanometer silver doped. The conductivity of polyaniline was changed from 2.28 s/cm to 0.47 s/cm when 3%(w/w) nanometer silver particles doped, but it is increased from 2.28 s/cm to 2.44 s/cm when was doped with 3%(w/w) micrometer silver particles. The conductivity of polyaniline changed due to the formation of silver chloride (AgCl) in doping nanometer silver. Some of the nanometer silver particles were formed to silver ion in hydrogen chloride solution for the high activity property of nanometer silver. This also can be proved from the spectra of XRD and FE-SEM. Therefore; determination the conductivity of conducting polymer by doping nanometer metal particles can be used to determine the activity of the nanometer particles. 本研究為開發一個新穎的檢測奈米金屬粒子化學活性大於非奈米金屬粒子的簡易方法。方法為利用導電高分子聚苯胺，於合成過程中添加不同濃度的奈米銀粒 子，並分別偵測其成品的導電度，藉以評估奈米銀粒子的化學活性。由於聚苯胺在合成過程中通常加入鹽酸以提高其導電度，致活性較大的奈米銀粒子於氧化後，隨即與氯離子形成氯化銀的沉澱，而降低聚苯胺的導電度，如添加1﹪(w/w)奈米銀粒子的，其導電度由2.28 s/cm 降至0.65 s/cm，隨後隨著添加量的增加導電度先降後再稍回升。一般非奈米級銀粒子因氧化電位為負值，即化學活性小，而不易被氧化。由實驗結果，我們發現同樣添加3%(w/w)的奈米級銀粒子或微米級銀粒子，添加奈米級銀粒子的導電度由2.28 下降為0.47，添加微米級銀粒子的導電度卻由2.28 上升為2.44，此乃說明本方法確實足以證明奈米級金屬的化學活性的確遠大於微米級金屬，因相同條件下，微米級銀粒子未如同奈米級銀粒子一樣被氧化成銀離子。即奈米級銀粒子可以輕易的被氧化，而非奈米級銀粒子則不易被氧化。尤其也可由X 光繞射儀分析光譜圖和場發射式掃描電子顯微鏡拍攝圖證明。因此，我們可以採用添加3 %(w/w)奈米級金屬銀粒子及微米級金屬銀粒子於導電高分子的方法，並藉導電度的變化，證明奈米金屬粒子的高活潑性。

Sine bar is precise measuring angular tool with gage blocks.Basica1 旬, to get height we calculates with H=L×sinOto assemble gage blocks.It is inconvenient to assemble gage blocks and maintain after we measured when wanting to get different dimensions. In out wOItwe have fabricated rap1d positioning sine bar by combining micrometer and sine bar.The purposes ofthis research are producing dimensions accurately and rapidly.Thus,it won't have errors when workp1eces are mached and measured. 正弦桿是測量角度的精密量具，基本上，正弦桿需跟塊規組合使用，再利用Ｈ＝Ｌ Ｓｉｎθ 算出需組合之高度，在算出需用何種尺寸之塊規需用幾塊，但如果遇到多種不同高度時，則需要更換不同尺寸之塊規，塊規在每次使用時都需清潔乾淨，十分的不方便，在此我們利用測微器，與正弦桿結合，捨去塊規，研製出快速定位正弦桿。此一設計主要包含有原本的正弦桿，一支測微器，結合成新的正弦桿，本正弦桿主要的特性是，在每一種高度算出後，即可利用正弦桿上的測微器直接旋轉到需要之高 度，且轉到需要之高度後可將測微器固定讓測微器不再旋轉，且兩者是一體的，不會出現測量或是加工時，正弦桿移動之現象，使用中也不會去觸摸到測微器之測頭而產生了熱脹冷縮之誤差發生，達到快速定位之需求。

In recent years, sandstorms have seriously attacked Taiwan day by day. Combining with the observations of Central Weather Bureau and the satellite images of NASA, the study has been collected the data of suspension grain in decades. And the study hopes the sandstorms’ information could be observed in early period. Still it hopes to find out the possible transmission paths in the atmosphere. Then we know how to cope with sandstorms in early time. Sandstorms attack Taiwan frequently in spring, the end of the autumn and the beginning of the winter. Compared with the charts of sandstorms and the satellite images, we could broadly aware that the moving paths of sandstorms are related to the currents and the characteristics of the atmosphere. When El Nino happens, the times of sandstorms attacking Taiwan decrease, and that increase when La Lina happens. According to the results of spectrum analysis, there might be high peaks of a year and six months short period varieties. And low peaks of 2.2 years and 7 months period, tell us that the short period aerosol varieties should be relative with season changes, the long period aerosol varieties may be relative with the El Nino and La Lina period. 近年來，大陸沙塵暴侵襲台灣的情況日趨嚴重影響。本研究中收集了近十年來懸浮顆粒資料，配合環保署空氣品質監測站、中央氣象局所觀測的資料與美國太空總署的衛星影像資料及NASA航空資源實驗室的氣流軌跡回推圖，希望能夠在早期觀測時發現大陸地區沙塵暴訊息，和沙塵暴所帶至大氣中的懸浮顆粒可能傳輸路徑。發生沙塵暴侵臺事件的季節，主要在春季及秋冬兩季交替期間發生的次數為最多。由地面天氣圖表、氣流軌跡回推圖及美國太空總署的衛星影像進行綜合比對之後，可大致瞭解大陸沙塵可能的移動路徑與大氣環流特徵有關。 聖嬰現象（El Nino）發生時，侵襲臺灣的沙塵暴次數會減少。在「反聖嬰現象」（La Lina）發生時，侵襲臺灣的次數相對增加。經由頻譜分析中得知，懸浮顆粒高峰期的變化有1年期及6個月變化趨勢，懸浮顆粒低峰期的週期變化有2.2年與7個月的變化趨勢，顯示短週期大氣懸浮顆粒變化應與季節變化有關，長期性變化或許與聖嬰反聖嬰週期有關連。

A study was conducted to improve the thermal stability, fire retardant (FR)\r properties and rheological properties of ethy-lene vinyl acetate because of\r its growing use in commercial applications. The approach employed\r was to modify an organo-clay, Closite 20A (C20A), with transition metal\r ions (TMI). In this study eight transition metal salts were acquired for\r modification. It was observed that all TMI modified organoclay\r nanocomposites improved thermal stability through thermo-gravimetric\r analysis (TGA). Rheological testing was done using a parallel plate\r measuring system (PP MS) to determine the dependence of storage\r modulus and loss modulus of copper and iron modified organoclay\r nanocomposites relative to pure EVA 350. The process of gelation was\r also tested for by calculating the ratio between the loss modulus and the\r storage modulus. It was found that copper modified organoclay\r nanocomposites promoted gelation and thus decreased the fluidity of\r EVA 350. The intercalation of the TMI modified organoclays with the\r polymer matrix was determined by the use of small angle X-ray\r scattering (SAXS). Testing revealed that the intercalation was\r successful, further proving that the TMIs had improved thermal stability,\r FR properties and rheological properties,

要檢測膠體粒子是否存在於溶質中，並不能以一般的光學顯微鏡觀察得出，若是用廷得耳效應觀察光線散出的量決定，則將運用到大量昂貴的精密儀器，與繁複深奧的化學理論，本實驗主旨即在運用自製的簡單儀器測量待測膠體流經強磁場因磁電效應產生電壓，藉著改變沈降劑種類或劑量使電壓產生波動的現象，藉此評估各種沉澱劑對膠體溶液沉降效果好壞與最適當的劑量，並將此結果應用在實際污水處理作業的先期測試上。Wanting to know colloid particles exist in solute by a normal optical microscope is impossible. If we use Tyndall effect, to observe the quantity of dispersive beams, to prove whether colloid particles exist in solute, then we will use amount of expensive and precise apparatuses and even complex and abstruse chemical theory. The gist of this experiment is using simple apparatuses that made by us to measure the volt generated by colloid flowing through the strong magnetic field(magnetic-electric effect).Then we try to change the sort or dose of precipitant to let the volt undulate, so that we can compare the impression on precipitating of each of the precipitant and the most applicable dose. Finally the result can be applied to forward trial of practical sewage disposal system.