本研究探討自由渦流中的穩定漩渦，自然界的漩渦分為強制渦流和自由渦流兩大類，自由渦流又可分為不穩定漩渦與穩定漩渦兩種。不穩定漩渦的水流不斷的從放流口流出，水面無法保持穩定。穩定漩渦因為有水源補充流出的水，水面則可保持恆定。本研究的測量方式有別於別的研究。我們將漩渦周邊的水壓利用儀器轉變為電壓，再利用流體力學的公式及一些自導公式將這些數值轉變為漩渦的各項數據，如水壓、流速。另外，我們也用攝影機來觀察漩渦的形狀及流線，最後總合而為漩渦周邊的結構。This study investigates vortex type 4—stable free vortexes. Vortexes can be classified into two main categories: force vortexes and free vortexes. Free vortexes can further be subcategorized into unstable free vortexes and stable free vortexes, the difference between which is that the surface and structure of unstable free vortexes do not maintain a stable condition because the water runs outward while those of stable free vortexes do because the water circulates with abundant water supply within the container. The study employed different means of measuring the vortexes from those used by previous studies. The water pressure of the spiraling vortex water flow was measured, transformed into electric power and then into exact values of water pressure and flow velocity by applying equations in flow mechanism and some self-derived equations. Besides, video cameras are also used to observe the patterns and streamlines of the vortexes. Based on the figures achieved, this study obtained a comprehensive account of the structure of the spiraling vortex water flow of stable free vortexes.

洗滌用的界面活性劑分散系，沾在吸管可吹成泡，沾在框上則生成特定形體的薄膜；兩種不同現象，依據各自的性質原理，分別設計為可測量的裝置，研討表面張力與濃度間的關係，發現『兩泡連通法』，測量的靈敏度較佳，並且；薄膜總面積法則會因為框的形不同，測得薄膜總面積與表面張力大小的變化趨勢不一樣，而且數據誤差都比『兩泡連通法』大。市售的洗劑有肥皂與合成清潔劑兩類，它們溶於水的分散系，表面張力與濃度大小的變化趨勢正好相反；肥皂的濃度愈大表面張力愈大，合成清潔劑的濃度愈小表面張力愈大。這種現象發生的原因，和分散質是否含苯環結構無關。用數位照相輔助毛細管上升法，觀測『兩泡連通法』標準液的張力與濃度關係，數據顯示兩泡連通法與毛細管上升法，兩者比較各種分散系張力與濃度大小的結果相同。因此，用『兩泡連通法』比較不同分散系張力大小是簡便生動的可行方法。The dispersion of surfactant used for the purpose of cleasing,if dipped on a blowpipe,can be blown into bubbles and,if dipped on a frame,will form a certain shape of membrane.For these two different situations,according to the principle of their quality,measuringdevices can be respectively designed to explore the relation of surfact tension to its concentrate.It is discovered that,with the measuring device of the Two Bubble Connection Method,the sensitivity measured is better;and that,because of the difference of the structures of the frames,the total area of the membrane and the change trend of the degree of the surface tension will also be different and the probable error of the measured digits is always larger and it is not easy to find regularity. For the two categories of dispersion,soaps on the market and synthesis detergent,when they are measured with the Two Bubble Connection Method about the relationship of their surface tension to the degree of their concentrate,the trend of change is exactly opposite.The surface tension and concentrate of the category of soap are in right proportion whereas,for synthesis detergent used for cleaning bowls and plater and washing clothes,when its concentrate is less,its surface tension is more intense.Based on the findings of this study,the concentrate and the change trend of the degree of tension have no connection with whether there is benzene structure in the solvent. With the Capillary Rise Method assisted by digital photography to observe the relation of the tension of standard solution to the concentrate,we have found that they totally correspond to the result measured with the Two Bubble Connection Method designed in this study.

在中國數學雜誌八卷二期（ Chinese Journal of Mathematics volum 8, Number2 , Jun 1980）有篇朱建正、黃振芳所作”三角形的剪裁” ( "On Trimming A Triangle " ）。內容是要證明以下的猜側：定義：剪裁給定一個三角形，固定其兩頂點，而將另一頂點沿三角形的邊向某一固定頂點移動，而得出一較小的三角形，這樣的程序稱為一個剪裁。下一個剪裁則從此較小的三角形出發。 Goodman 的猜測：由 △ ABC經有限多次剪裁成之 △ A'B'C'，必可由 7 次以下之剪裁使 A 變到 A', B 變到B',C 變到 C'。實際上，朱、黃所證，僅是沒有“記號”的情形，至於有記號 的情形，卻從略不提。我試於後文提出一反例，說明朱、黃的解法何以無法解決有記號的情形。藉著電子計算機之助，我對此猜測的所有情形作了驗證，證實往考慮記號的情形下此一猜測為真。根據朱教授表示，原問題係他於 1978 年赴英參加數學會議時，一數學家 Coodman 所提出。

物理課做水波槽實驗時，重疊的波紋引起我們極大的興趣。於是老師介紹我們看一篇( The Physics Teacher)雜誌中有關Moire' Pattern 的文章。Moire' Pattern 的特徵是當有寬度的條紋彼此重疊時，會出現一些新的圓形，我們對於這些富於變化，又具有規則性的圖形，感到興奮不已，就開始研究了。

給定一個自然數n，如何最有效率的計算Xn？此處Xn表X自乘n次，X可以是任一具有乘法的代數體系中元素；所謂最有效率是指使用最少次的乘法。由此引發了“加法鏈”的概念及許多有趣的數學問題。Knuth[1]的話恰說明了本研究的動機：\r Not only because it is interesing in its own right, but because it is an excellent example of the theoretical questions that arise in the study of "optimum methods of computation."

Entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite known to cause infectious colitis and amoebic dysentery in humans. Its life cycle consist of two parts: the infectious cyst stage and the multiplying trophozoite stage. Epinephrine, a neurotransmitter in vertebrates, is released by the trophozoites during the process of cyst formation. The addition of epinephrine to in vitro cultures of amoebas causes them to encyst, and addition of compounds that prevent epinephrine’s activity inhibits encystations. Therefore, epinephrine plays a critical role in encystation in vitro. An understanding of the molecular intricacies of epinephrine-induced encystations may allow for pharmacological manipulation of epinephrine metabolism to control cyst formation in vitro. Drugs that either prevent cyst formation or induce it before a large amoebic population is present would result in the release of fewer cyst forms of the parasite, reducing parasite transmission from person to person. Although trophozoites release epinephrine, it is no known if E.histolytica synthesizes epinephrine or extracts it from the growth medium. Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase(PNMT) is the enzyme that catalyzes production of epinephrine norepinephrine. This study aims to determine the source of epinephrine by determining if E.histolytica contains a PNMT-type enzyme. PNMT amino acid sequences from several higher organisms were compared to identify conserved regions of the enzyme. These conserved amino acid sequences were then used to search for similar sequences in a database containing the recently sequenced amoeba genome. A PNMT-like gene was found in the E.histolytica database and cloned in bacteria. Yeast cells containing the cloned E.histolytica PNMT gene expressed PMT enzyme activity. This suggests that E.histolytica produces its own epinephrine, and is the most evolutionarily ancient eukaryote shown to do so. The use of inhibitors against PNMT activity is under investigation.

自2004年4月29日至2004年8月30日止，研究不同食物量對於蓋斑鬥魚生殖表現之影響。自臺北縣水產種苗繁殖場取得40尾（北縣種苗場字第0930000192號），分成低、中、次高、與最高四個飼養食物量組（3, 6, 9 ,12 顆飼料/每隻魚），每一種食物量組進行四次重複實驗，每一個實驗箱飼養雌、雄魚一對，控制相同的光週期、溫度、密度等變因。結果顯示食物量為中食量組（6粒/隻）泡巢維持時間最長，與其他三組統計上有顯著差異，而其他生殖表現如雄魚的吐泡巢次數、泡巢間隔時間，以及雌魚產卵次數、產卵間隔時間，和魚卵孵化時間等四組之間皆無明顯差異。因此推測不同飼養食物量的處理對於蓋斑鬥魚生殖行為之影響不顯著。From April 29, 2004 to August 30, 2004, we studied the effects on breeding behavior of Macropodus opercularis in different quantities of food. We got forty fish from the nursery in Taipei County. We breed one male and one female in the tank, and the quantities food was set to low, middle, high, and highest groups (3, 6, 9, 12 granule forage per one fish). Every experiment group repeated three times. We also controlled the same light cycle, temperature, and density. We found that the longest maintenance time per one foam nest was breeding in middle group, and there is a statistically significant difference. But the other results had no statistically significant differences between different groups. Therefore, we inferred that the different allowance food feeding control had no significant effect to breeding behaviors of Macropodus opercularis.

茶品的發酵程度對其香氣與口感有決定性的影響，然而業界卻缺乏相關的客觀指標與其有效的量測方法。茶品發酵的主要化學過程是其兒茶素的氧化與聚合，這些茶單寧將隨著發酵過程逐漸由還原態轉變成氧化態。所以，不同發酵程度的茶，其氧化態單寧與還原態單寧的比將有所不同。這個比值預料可由氧化還原電位間接地量測得知。本研究使用白金絲與銀/氯化銀參考電極為電極對來量測此氧化還原電位。量具則使用具高輸入阻抗(大於十億歐姆)的pH 電極用電位計以取得茶汁中微弱的氧化還原電位訊號，可於十秒內取得高再現性(相對標準差小於3%)的電位訊號所得到的電位訊號與發酵程度呈高度的線性相關(相關係數大於0.9)。Degree of fermentation is pivotal for the aroma and the aftertaste of tea, but an objective scale and efficient evaluating methods are demanded for the important quality factor. Oxidation along with the polymerization of catechins is known to be the major chemical process during tea fermentation; the tea tannins will gradually change from their reduced forms to their oxidized formats. As the consequence, the ratio of oxidized tannins to reduced tannins will differ with the extent of fermentation. The ratio can be measured simply by the redox potential. In the present study, we used a platinum wire and an Ag/AgCl reference electrode as the electrode pair to measure the redox potential. A pH meter with high input impedance (over Giga ohm) served as our voltmeter for the weak voltage signals retrieved from tea infusions. The measurement was quick (less than 10 second) and with good reproducibility (CV0.9).

在「植物的秘密生命」這本書中提到植物在電場或磁場中會生長的更好,我最近正好學到了電磁場如何產生,以及一些產生電磁場的方法,所以想利用螺形管線圈來產生均勻的電磁場並用安培右手定則來控制磁場產生的方向來了解電磁場在高低室溫下對綠豆生長的影響. 在本實驗中我利用鐵碗纏繞線圈的方式並通入不同的電流大小來改變磁場的強度,所進行研究所得到的結果顯示（1）綠豆只有在適當的電流大小下所產生的電磁場才可以幫助加速綠豆的生長(2)栽培綠豆的環境所架設的電磁場越高,越能持續讓綠豆的生長加速（3）綠豆的加速生長並不需要整天都通電（4）綠豆在N極朝上的磁場中生長的速率較S極朝上的磁場中要快(5)在較低的室溫下,電磁場加速綠豆生長的效應較能顯現 It has been mentioned that the plants will grow faster in the electronic or magnetic field in the book of “the secret life of plants”, I learned about the knowledge and methods of how to produce the electromagnetic field just now, I use the screw wire to produce electromagnetic field and control the direction by the Amplifier’s rule to investigate the growing speed of green beans under electromagnetic field in those different temperature. In this experiment, I use the wire to screwed around the ironed bowl, and make different electric current to generate different strength of electromagnetic field, the results indicate that (1) The faster growing speed will only exist in some strength of electromagnetic field (2) The higher ironed bowls that full of screwed wire will result in the faster growing speed (3) It will not need electromagnetic field all days (4) The green beans will grow fast in those north magnetic pole than those in south magnetic pole (5)The effect of electromagnetic field to increase growing speed will be significant in higher room temperature

本研究目的1.探討催化劑對光子晶體SiO? 合成的影響，依據催化劑對光子晶體製作的數據，統整歸納出不同濃度的氨水催化劑對於SiO? 的吸收光譜與粒徑大小等性質的影響。2.尋找簡易的方式進行光通道的製作。 採用溶膠凝膠法將tetraethylorthosilicate(TEOS) 以氨水做催化劑在乙醇溶液中的水解及縮合反應製作單分散SiO?粉體。 嘗試將細線附著在玻片上進行排列，排列完成後將細線拉起企圖製造一條溝道。 實驗結果,催化劑會影響合成SiO? 的顆粒大小，隨著催化劑濃度增加，顆粒大小也隨之增加。使用細線可成功製造出凹陷的孔道，但目前採用之線仍嫌太粗，欲尋找奈米線材加以取代以製造出更適用之光通道。 ;The purpose of this research is 1.to find out the influence of the catalyst on compounding silica photonic crystals . According to datum , I can generalize the connection between the consistency of catalyst and the particle size of photonic crystal. 2.to find easier method of making the passage of light. I used tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as a reactant and ammonia as the catalyst to react hydrolysis ,water condensation and alcohol condensation in ethanol. I tried to put fine lines on sheet glasses. After the arrangement of the silica particles, I took apart the lines attempting to make sunken ditches. The outcome of this ecperiment show that partical size increases with the consistency of catalyst. We can use fine lines to make the sunken ditches, but the line is not fine enough that I should find much finer lines to make it.

In this work, techniques to explore the capabilities of multi-walled carbon nanotubes\r (MWNTs) in sorting nanoparticles (NPs) were presented. A droplet of a solution comprising of quantum dots (QDs) with various sizes was deposited on an aligned array of intertwined MWNTs. Photoluminescence (PL) and fluorescence microscopy (FM) revealed that MWNTs were effective nano-sieves that could effectively sort out QDs with a size difference of ~ 2.1 nm.\r Cadmium Selenide/Zinc Sulfide (CdSe/ZnS)core-shell QDs and Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) QDs were used to explore whether chemical properties of NPs affect the sieving capability of MWNTs. Further investigation on the effects of micro-patterning on the sieving ability of MWNTs was also carried out.PL and FM results suggested that micro-patterning could aid in separation of QDs and thus improve sieving capability of MWNTs. With the above findings, QDs emitting different colors as a result of size difference could efficiently be assembled onto the MWNTs en route to three-dimensional architectures with controlled assembly of NPs.\r Together with controlled laser power to remove desired amounts of QDs decorated MWNTs, a multi-colored display could be achieved. Further experiments were also carried out to determine the feasibility of introducing MWNTs as filters for NPs. Dilute solutions containing NPs such as gold colloid was run through these MWNTs filters by gravity. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images of the samples showed that MWNTs were successful in trapping the nanoparticles. Explorations into the length dependent effect of using MWNTs as filters, suggested that 300μm MWNTs are better nano-sieves compared to 50μm MWNTs.

After short period of storage the coconut oil at room temperature we found that it becomes rancid. The oxidizing flavor is disgusting and causes economic loss. Some chemicals are used to prevent the oxidation of coconut oil but they are expensive and may be harmful to consumer’s health if used daily. Moreover, they are not suitable for homemade coconut oil and residual waste from the process may be environmental toxic. The present work thus aims at extracting substances from local plants and used as antioxidant for coconut oil. Seven kinds of local Caesalpiniaceae plants in Eastern Thailand namely Tamarind (Tamaridus indica L.), Peacock flower Caesalpinia pulcherrima L.), Flame tree (Delonix regia L.), Golden shower (Cassia fistula L.), Siamese cassia (C. siamea Lamk.), Candelabra bush (C. occidentalis L.), and Copper pod (Peltophorum pterocarpum DC.) were used. Ten grams of seed coats were mixed with 50 ml of the distilled water and 95% Ethyl alcohol (1:1) mixture in a closed container. The mixture was heated in a water-bath at 60 ℃ for about 2 hrs. and then kept in 10 ℃ icebox about 2 hrs. The mixture was then filtered and the filtrate was heated in an hot-air oven at 80 ℃ for about ? hrs. Ten ml of coconut oil was added with 0.5g of the extracts and kept at room temperature for 5 days. The pH and peroxide value (using the Iodometric titration method) of the oil were measured. It was found that the coconut oil with the Tamarind seed extract had the lowest peroxide value and was selected. Next the suitable amount of the Tamarind extract was studied by adding the extract to 10 ml coconut oil at 0-7% (w/v) and the contents were kept at room temperature for 5 days. The result showed that the 3% (and more over) Tamarind extract had the lowest peroxide value. Then the coconut oil with 3% Tamarind extract was kept at room temperature for 30 days. The pH and peroxide value were measured every 5 days. It was found that the oil could be stored for 25 days without significant change in pH and its peroxide value was less than 10 milliequivale n t oxygen per kilogram oil according to FAO/WHO (Codex) standard .Therefore, Tamarind seed coat at 3% could be used to retard the coconut oil oxidation for 25 days. This work presents the applicable use of plentiful local plants such as Tamarind seed, which is normally discarded, as an antioxidant for coconut oil.