a. Purpose of research- Since the discovery of genetic codes and the dogma of 64 codons coding for 21 amino acids, scientists worldwide have been interested to know the reason(s) behind this unique number ratio (64:21). This ratio indicates certain form of inefficiency in the replication of amino acids. Such inefficiency can be explained through symmetries in the condons coding for the same amino acids. In the light of that, my project looks for patterns in the properties of amino acids and symmetries in the codons combinations. Using these analysis findings, I invented a three dimensional periodic table for the codons and amino acids that has a points to layers ratio of 64:21. b. Procedures- To get started with the project, I searched for relevant information in books and the Internet. After locating the relevant materials, I began my analysis by looking for non-random patterns in the correlation between codons and the respective amino acids they code for. At the same time, I try to look for symmetries in the codon distributions and suggest new and innovative models for a periodic table of codon combinations. I have come out with mainly a new model, with its own unique ideas and concepts behind it. Finally, I will try to match a property of the amino acids to the positions of the codons such that the table shows a gradual change in property of the amino acids, together with the symmetries. This will effectively explain the unique codons to amino acids ratio and lead to discovery of possible amino acids. c. Data- This research is primarily conducted based on the conventional 2D periodic table and no experimental data is collected. After much analysis, I have come up with the 3-sided triangular pyramid model. This model is inspired by the ratio of 64 codons coding for 21 amino acids, which can be easily approximated to 3:1. It is made up of a triangular pyramid that is three-faced, with the bottom side unutilized. As a triangular structure, each layer has dimensions in the multiples of 3. Layer 1 consists of 1 point, layer 2 with 3 points, layer 3 with 6 points and so on… until layer 7 with 18 points, having a total of 64 points. This 64 points to 21 layers ratio is consistent with the codons to amino acids ratio! d. Conclusions- The unique 64:21 ratio suggest certain form of inefficiency in the replication of amino acids. This may be explained through symmetries in condons coding for the same amino acids. A general 3:1 ratio can be approximated and this suggests a high possibility for the existence of a three-sided symmetry in codon combinations. Thus, this idea of a three-sided symmetry gives rise to my 3-sided triangular pyramid model. This new model of a 3-dimensional periodic table for codon combinations would be useful in explaining such a unique 64:21 ratio and serves to provide a basis for better understanding of the relationship between codons and amino acids. This new model may also lead to the discovery of currently unknown amino acids.

Synthesis of halooximes has attracted much attention given their importance as precursors to proline derivatives1, unnatural amino acids2 and a host of alkaloids3. Halooximes have numerous industrial and biological applications 4, for example oxime ethers increases specific channel opening activities, acting as potential targets in drug treatment for various diseases 5, most adrenergic β-receptor blocking compounds also conform to the structure of oxime ethers 6. They also have vitro antifungal activities against certain plants7. A known method for the synthesis of 3 using Me3SiX as a Lewis acid, via intermediate enamines with acyclic/ cyclic bis(oxy)enamines, gives yields between 21-68%. Low yield stems from lack of reaction specificity2. In this work, we investigate coupling nitrogen-oxides with CoBr2 to synthesise halooximes in high yield. Initial cyclic/ acyclic bis(oxy)enamines were prepared by reacting 1 equiv. nitro compound with 2.4 equiv. in excess of dichloromethane under argon atmosphere at a temperature of 0ºC. 2.2 equiv. of TMS-Br was further added and left to stir till thermal equilibrium with room conditions. The cyclic/ acyclic bis(oxy)enamine was isolated upon aqueous work-up, filtration and evaporation. Synthesis of halooximes was carried out by reacting 8mL to 1mmol equiv. of THF and 2 equiv. of CoBr2 under argon atmosphere and left to stir till CoBr2 dissolves. 2mL to 1mmol equiv. of CH2Cl2 was added to 1 equiv. of bis(oxy)enamines. The reaction mixture was left to stir at room temperature for 2 hours, after which aqueous work-up, filtration and evaporation were carried out. Our results are summarized in Table 1. We also obtained relatively high percentage yields for the direct synthesis of bromooximes from cyclic nitronates via a one-pot procedure: Low yield stems from lack of reaction specificity2. In this work, we investigate coupling nitrogen-oxides with CoBr2 to synthesise halooximes in high yield. Initial cyclic/ acyclic bis(oxy)enamines were prepared by reacting 1 equiv. nitro compound with 2.4 equiv. in excess of dichloromethane under argon atmosphere at a temperature of 0ºC. 2.2 equiv. of TMS-Br was further added and left to stir till thermal equilibrium with room conditions. The cyclic/ acyclic bis(oxy)enamine was isolated upon aqueous work-up, filtration and evaporation. Synthesis of halooximes was carried out by reacting 8mL to 1mmol equiv. of THF and 2 equiv. of CoBr2 under argon atmosphere and left to stir till CoBr2 dissolves. 2mL to 1mmol equiv. of CH2Cl2 was added to 1 equiv. of bis(oxy)enamines. The reaction mixture was left to stir at room temperature for 2 hours, after which aqueous work-up, filtration and evaporation were carried out. Our results are summarized in Table 1. We also obtained relatively high percentage yields for the direct synthesis of bromooximes from cyclic nitronates via a one-pot procedure:

1. Purpose: The purpose of this project was to design a theoretical tempered-air system to be integrated into an existing heating system in a home equipped with an air-to-air heat pump. This was to overcome the cost and environmental challenges of heating in cold climates as well as provide an environmentally friendly air-conditioning system in the summer at little to no cost. 2. Procedure: In the winter of 2010 an underground high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe (10cm diameter, and 30.5m length) was buried 2.5m underground around the footings of a new residential project. A fan with a flow of 3.4m³/min was attached to the pipe outside, and used to push air underground through the pipe and into the house. The ambient and incoming air temperatures as well as the date and time were recorded daily using a temperature probe with an error margin of ±0.1ºC throughout the summer and winter seasons of 2011. This data was then plotted and analyzed. A number of options to best extract thermal energy for potential use for heating and cooling were examined. Design components were selected to create an air chamber for an air-to-air heat pump to increase its coefficient of performance (COP). 3. Data: Graph 1 Graph 2 Winter Graph (Graph 1): The blue line represents the outdoor ambient temperature and the orange line represents the temperature of the tempered air. These are both arranged chronologically. The grey lines represent one standard deviation on either side of the incoming temperatures. The ambient temperatures vary dramatically, while the incoming temperatures remain quite stable. The lowest recorded temperature was about -9.0ºC, at which point the temperature exiting from the underground pipe was about 10.5ºC. Summer Graph (Graph 2): With dramatically varying ambient temperatures, the temperature of the incoming air consistently stays between 11.1 and 16.2ºC. The highest recorded outdoor temperature was about 30.0ºC, while the incoming temperature at that point was about 15.5ºC. This cold air was used as air conditioning.

1. Purpose of the research Implement injector tester and timer button in mechanical, electrical for Correct Use Hypothesis: if humans contribute to the contamination of unconsciously by technological convenience. Give solution with the same! 2. Procedures Needed human and material resources. Besides a ventilated area with excellent ventilation. Having basic knowledge of electricity and automobile electrical systems. 3. Data This device is intended total replacement bulbs and multimeters tests relating to auto injectors of this system is important since in automotive history have been looking for improvements, part of technological development and of necessity, be have been implemented in complex systems such as electronic fuel injection, but what if our system does not work properly? Humans would contribute to contamination of the ozone layer, this natural process accelerate global warming. Hey there a social problem today becomes a global problem. Here we can see that, sophisticated equipment, are of little technical solution with a higher cost. Not to mention that the technician who works on the vehicle: save time in making a diagnosis which will be successful. 4. Conclusions The solution: provide the necessary equipment that is available to countries that do not have low resource enough. Through a reliable and safe product for the sole purpose of showing that young researchers are able to provide improved technology in the automotive industry with no expectation of this project. You should use this factor as important in society: it is the technology for the environment thereby demonstrates the certainty of our hypothesis.

This project determined which varietal of grapes grew best in the Lytton / Lillooet area. This project specifically measured growth rates, maturity levels, and breakage rates of the 18 grape varietals (9 red, 9 white) that grew on different slope positions. This experiment determined which varietal was best suited for the site specifically chosen in Lillooet and provided a ranking of the most desirable varietals for potential grape growers.

Farmers in many countries are legally required to identify livestock with some sort of tagging system. Tagging is required for ownership, breeding and as a means of tracking livestock during a disease outbreak.\r New Zealand farmers are required to fit all livestock with two ear tags (one in each ear). Ear tags are applied in a similar way to the piercing of human ears. The two tags are of different sizes and are known as the primary and the secondary tags. The primary tag is physically bigger than the secondary tag.\r We farm deer and have noticed that after tagging some deer develop ear infections at the site of tagging.\r A randomized controlled trial was undertaken in 105 fawns to test the hypotheses:\r ‧ Pre treatment of the ear tag with liquid iodine will reduce post tagging infection.\r ‧ A reduction in ear infections as a result of tagging will lead to more rapid weight gain.\r The treatment group had iodine applied to the sharp part of both primary and secondary tags immediately prior to tagging of the fawns. The control group was tagged in the usual fashion. Fawns were then assessed for infection at 6 and 11 weeks after tagging. Each ear was individually graded for infection and recorded against the number of the animal. Grading was on a scale of 0-3: zero having no infection; 1-slight redness; 2-a larger ring of redness and possibly some dried blood; 3-as for grade 2 plus swelling of the ear around the pin.

A diffraction grating was fabricated from an elastic polymer. It was patterned after a plane reflection grating with a pitch of 1200 lines/mm. It was characterized using a HeNe laser to verify properties. Angular scanning as a function of applied strain was observed for two individual wavelengths. Intensity of fiber output was optimized as an application of angular scanning in fine alignment. Beam profiles showed consistency of first order diffraction intensities at different levels of strain. This showed that the elastomeric grating’s efficiency is independent from strain. The elastomeric grating’s variable pitch can be of immense utility in optical communication systems. A stretchable grating can be used to replace typical high-cost architectures of metal or glass gratings of different pitches that correspond to various spectral regions. By changing the pitch, the grating can be used for different wavelength ranges. The elastomeric grating’s variable pitch can be used to scan different wavelengths over a wide range of angles. Angular scanning is used for wavelength channel selection, and since an elastomeric grating diffracts different wavelengths differently, it can be used for wavelength switching and wavelength division multiplexing in optical communication systems. Laser beams of different wavelengths carrying different signals can be transmitted simultaneously through an optical fiber and diffracted to route the wavelengths onto separate wavelength-specific channels.

台灣西海岸的河川，常飽受嚴重的水污染，其中最嚴重者莫過於重金屬離子所造成的危害了。所以，本作品即探究：從了解【電解水的氧化還原反應】到設計【小型多重兩極分流電解槽】上，希望藉此設計能給相關單位參考，以為農田引水灌溉及養殖水域做把關的工作。最後並對長期以來校內涉及電解、電鍍…等含重金屬離子的實驗做徹底的減廢設計，以排出無污染性的廢水。;Rivers along the west coast of Taiwan have been seriously polluted for a long time, the most hazardous one of which has been caused by heavy metal ion. As such, this article aims at how to discharge a pollution-free wastewater by understanding first from the oxidation- reduction reaction of electrolytic water to design of a miniature multiple bipolarity divided-flow electrolyser. It is hoped that this design would provide related government regulatory agencies with adequate information so that they may be capable of doing a responsible pollution-prevention job in water irrigation for farming land and water for marine farming as well. Finally, the author may further add that this design has been through constant laboratory tests involving electrolysis and electroplating of heavy metal ion in the hope that a perfect design to eradicate wastewater can be produced so as to discharge pollution-free waste water.

在這篇報告中，特別針對了凝膠的機制去做探討，以許多的實驗數據，再輔以凝膠的基本定義，去臆測各種有關於凝膠的老化機制，並藉由其過程中推斷出一些有趣的性質： 1. 當膠體內水分含量不同，與凝結後的醇類膠體有相當的影響。 2. 凝膠老化後形成的結晶形狀，因凝膠溶質、溶液內互溶性的不同，形成了不同凝聚程度的絮聚現象。 3. 同種陰陽離子在不同碳數的醇類凝膠中，因為與水溶液的互溶性也有所不同，間接影響了凝膠的形成速度，這對於安定來說，包含了很大的意義存在。 4. 對於其老化的速度，會因其安定程度而有所影響。 5. 老化後的溶液內的陰陽離子濃度，會直接影響其再次安定與老化的情形。 In this report, we especially do the discussion to the mechanism of the gel. With a lot of experimental data and the basic definition of gel, we conjecture various kinds of aging mechanism about the gel, and infer some interesting problems from its course: 1. Moisture content in the gel effect the gel’s quality after alcohol condensed greatly. 2. Because of dissolving difference between the alcohol and the other substances, crystallization forms after the gel aged have formed different degrees phenomenon of gathered. 3. The same kind of negative and positive ion among the alcohol gel that have different carbon atoms. Because of dissolving difference between the ions and the solution, the ions influence forming speed of gel indirectly. To being stable of the gel, this phenomenon includes very great meaning. 4. Stable degree of the gel can influence its speed of aging. 5. The consistency of negative and positive ion in the aging solution of the gel can influence its stable and aging situation again directly.

修正汽車駕駛喜歡猛踩加油踏板之習慣,把一加油動作分解成多段階級式加油動作,使自動變速箱內扭力降低達到順利變換高速檔o 達到節約能源.減少污染.提高效率之目的。The oil-saving project by adjusting the driving habits To avoid the habit of easily step the pedal to speed up, we divide it into multi-step fuel-filling procedures. Therefore, they decrease the wristing strength of transistor inside auto speed-changing box and reach high-speed brake smoothly. As a result, it can save energy, reduce pollution and increase high efficiency.

The purpose of research:Lies the importance of research in rationalizing the consumption of water during the irrigation of gardens, farms and green spaces. Where the world suffers from the problem of water scarcity, especially groundwater was the slogan of World Water Day in 2007 ((water scarcity)), and therefore we find through studies and scientific research that the world is suffering from a marked decrease in the water up to 30% and thus to drought. The one of the reports issued by the United Nations Environment Programme, that more than half the world's population will live during the next thirty years until in 2032, In areas suffering from water shortages, and West Asia, including the Arabian peninsula will be more areas suffering from water shortages, are expected to live about 90% of the population in areas suffering from water shortages in 2032. Steps of scientific research: Theme: the rationalization of water consumption in irrigation How can rationalize water consumption and maintenance? How to benefit from raw materials to the environment be friends of the environment and water? How to maintain in our hemisphere is suffering from the problems of pollution? R: field environment Compile information: Started to develop the idea of working model in detail (scientific deliberate scheme) of the parts used in the rationalization process model and then work on the ground. Forming hypotheses, research and analysis of information: Assume that the flow of water through the faucet immediately for a period of one minute quantity of 2 liters permission when using pregled control the flow of water and a minute amount of water will be 0.2 liter. Suppose that the system used in the rationalization process is linked with the timing of rush hour drops of water every minute and measuring the quantity flowing from the pipeline, we find it 2 / 10 from the amount of water flowing from the tap directly. Procedures used: Been working model ready by using the following tools: Ban small-sized water Basin water model using plastic-coated shell and clay. Wall hours with wire sensitive prove on the basis of hours rolled aluminium conductor of electricity affected debates clock Plastic trees. Electricity wires - the context of an electric effort to 220 volts. The idea of working model: Labour deliver electric power 220 volts. Scorpion am touching on the sensitive installed base pm (aluminium foil) relates to the electric dynamo worked on the flow of water to the delicate moment senses only wait until touching once again to work regularly. Conclusion: Conclude that the rationalization of water consumption by 90% during irrigate parks and green spaces and farms. Perception of the future work: Research can be developed so that rationalization for more than a minute using the control and distance.

In our experiment, the novel hydrothermal-galvanic couple method is used to produce nanostructured TiO2 thin film. Compared with the traditional hydrothermal method, whose process is conducted under high temperature and high pressure, the hydrothermal-galvanic couple method is a thermally and electrochemically driven process. The titanium atom is gradually oxidized on the surface driven by potential difference, and eventually become nanostructured TiO2. The advantages of the hydrothermal-galvanic couple method are numerous： they are simple, environment-friendly and energy-saving. Experimental parameters include time, concentration and types of solution. The hydrothermal method is used for comparison. By the cross-section and surface pictures of Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), we can clearly observe that there is obvious change on the titanium surface, along with increased thickness and altered surface structure. The film of hydrothermal-galvanic couple method is thicker than that of hydrothermal method. Thickness increases with time and concentration as well. Both the hydrophile and decomposition of methylene blue examination indicate that the product on the surface contains photocatalyst-like feature.我們利用新穎水熱-化學電池法製備奈米級二氧化鈦薄膜。相較於一般傳統水熱法高溫高壓的製程，水熱-化學電池法結合了熱能與化學電能，讓鈦原子在電位差的驅動下於表面逐步氧化，最終形成奈米級二氧化鈦粒子，具備簡易、環保、省能的優點。實驗參數包括時間、濃度、溶液種類，並以水熱法作為對照組。由FE-SEM 橫截面圖及表面圖可清楚看到鈦的表面有明顯變化，膜厚增加、表面結構改變；以水熱-化學電池法所得的薄膜明顯較水熱法厚，而其厚度隨著濃度及時間的增加也有增加的趨勢，由試片親水性測試與亞甲基藍吸光度測試，皆顯示試片的表面產物具有類似光觸媒的性質。