This project determined which varietal of grapes grew best in the Lytton / Lillooet area. This project specifically measured growth rates, maturity levels, and breakage rates of the 18 grape varietals (9 red, 9 white) that grew on different slope positions. This experiment determined which varietal was best suited for the site specifically chosen in Lillooet and provided a ranking of the most desirable varietals for potential grape growers.

Tic tac toe (井字棋)是大家童年時期常玩的小遊戲，本研究希望能以人工智慧的概念編寫出能在遊戲中立於不敗之地的程式，並將程式寫入LEGO EV3主機，利用LEGO積木打造出一台能與人對下井字棋的機器人。在研究的過程中先將井字棋遊戲可能出現的棋路一一列出，再從中找出中最適合的應對棋路，並在遊戲過程中利用顏色辨識零件去偵測對手下棋的位置。經過測試，它的確能夠在遊戲過程中立於不敗之地。未來希望能針對更加複雜的賽局，例如象棋、五子棋或4*4、5*5的方格等，設計出能從人手中輕易取勝的機器人。

After short period of storage the coconut oil at room temperature we found that it becomes rancid. The oxidizing flavor is disgusting and causes economic loss. Some chemicals are used to prevent the oxidation of coconut oil but they are expensive and may be harmful to consumer’s health if used daily. Moreover, they are not suitable for homemade coconut oil and residual waste from the process may be environmental toxic. The present work thus aims at extracting substances from local plants and used as antioxidant for coconut oil. Seven kinds of local Caesalpiniaceae plants in Eastern Thailand namely Tamarind (Tamaridus indica L.), Peacock flower Caesalpinia pulcherrima L.), Flame tree (Delonix regia L.), Golden shower (Cassia fistula L.), Siamese cassia (C. siamea Lamk.), Candelabra bush (C. occidentalis L.), and Copper pod (Peltophorum pterocarpum DC.) were used. Ten grams of seed coats were mixed with 50 ml of the distilled water and 95% Ethyl alcohol (1:1) mixture in a closed container. The mixture was heated in a water-bath at 60 ℃ for about 2 hrs. and then kept in 10 ℃ icebox about 2 hrs. The mixture was then filtered and the filtrate was heated in an hot-air oven at 80 ℃ for about ? hrs. Ten ml of coconut oil was added with 0.5g of the extracts and kept at room temperature for 5 days. The pH and peroxide value (using the Iodometric titration method) of the oil were measured. It was found that the coconut oil with the Tamarind seed extract had the lowest peroxide value and was selected. Next the suitable amount of the Tamarind extract was studied by adding the extract to 10 ml coconut oil at 0-7% (w/v) and the contents were kept at room temperature for 5 days. The result showed that the 3% (and more over) Tamarind extract had the lowest peroxide value. Then the coconut oil with 3% Tamarind extract was kept at room temperature for 30 days. The pH and peroxide value were measured every 5 days. It was found that the oil could be stored for 25 days without significant change in pH and its peroxide value was less than 10 milliequivale n t oxygen per kilogram oil according to FAO/WHO (Codex) standard .Therefore, Tamarind seed coat at 3% could be used to retard the coconut oil oxidation for 25 days. This work presents the applicable use of plentiful local plants such as Tamarind seed, which is normally discarded, as an antioxidant for coconut oil.

NO.62-03 2023 JUN | 科學研習期刊目錄 本期專題 SDGs中的地球科學 SDGs目標13氣候變遷融入十二年國教課綱中的自然領域課程與教學 | 許民陽 SDGs 與地質敏感區 | 林明聖 從氣候觀點看影響臺灣的颱風頻率變化 | 涂建翊 氣候變遷及開發下生物礁當前的環境問題與保育 | 許民陽 教學現場 數位科技融入「相對濕度」的探究與實作課程 | 江通達 古今山海‧化石傳奇～結合地球科學與自然文化保存的環境教育 | 童琳茜 科學新知 雷達觀測與區域防災降雨雷達 | 林品芳 史前巨石與它們的產地 | 梁勝雄、徐漢倫、俞舜文 特約專欄 穿越信息的海洋，開啟對世界的探索──簡介Robert F. Sibert Informational Book Award | 劉淑雯、林吟霙 「我有沒有搞錯？」的科學探究態度──以平流層臭氧議題為例 |吳育雅 森棚教官數學題──蜿蜒曲折 |游森棚 科普活動報導 在科學的基地裡，科學家到底做了什麼呢？ | 黃嘉郁、陳佩雯、李名揚、蘇萬生 總召集人的話 最近比較惹人注意的新聞除了颱風來不來，就是頂大地科系學生轉系轉出的比率偏多？我們的高中同學在選擇志願時總是有許多策略，選校不選系先進了再說就是其中一種；為了轉系，大一時損失許多體驗學習的好機會，只為了有好成績在轉系時有優先權，成績差的要轉系好難；殊不知因為對就讀科系沒有興趣才會成績差，才會有轉系的需求。 是不是應該讓在該領域學習不習慣或是學習弱勢的同學有優先轉系的機會？相類似的也有應該先指考，讓進不了自己滿意系所的學生，再隨後拿著自己的特殊事蹟去參加特殊選材或是推薦甄試才對？ 講到特殊事蹟，大家是否有注意到好多的高中生都在國際期刊發表論文以及參加國際發明展得金牌獎的？在這個期刊數量越來越多的年代，各種經營的模式逐一出現，許多付費刊出的期刊在peer-review上面是不是有真的做到該有的水準？或是跟投稿者各取所需？如果高中生能夠把自己學科的部分學得很透徹，那就有機會有更深入的機緣與大學教授對接獲得輔導，但是不是要投那貴參參的付費刊出期刊？是值得討論的。許多大學的教評會已經對某些種類的付費刊出期刊或是掠奪性期刊特別關注，特別是在升等審查的時候；只有某些心急搞不清楚的家長有機會受到掮客的欺騙付出數萬元莫名的刊登費；切記！不是自己做的千萬別亂掛名。 國際發明展更是需要慎重考慮的，發明展是一個交易平台，有專利的、有好的作品到這邊交錢（攤位的費用）擺設，等待前來的識貨買家成交這個好作品；發明展的作品可以同一件作品連續十年在不同國家展出（只要你有錢繳交好貴的擺設攤位費用），但是絕不會出現一稿多投的學倫問題，因為那就是個商業行為，那金牌銀牌哪裡來？這只要去看看一個國際發明展到底發出幾面金牌就可以知道金牌的價值，如果是五面以內那還有價值，如果是五十面那就自行判斷吧！商展中得到的獎有沒有真的peer-review？如果展出的團夠大，繳的錢夠多，講話就夠大聲，你能期待有真的peer-review？講這麼多其實是希望說，年輕人做學問要踏實，深耕才能生根，不然總是淺淺的表層，一扯就掉；心急的家長不要再害小孩子了，讓他從小就認為「造假是理所當然的」會造成未來社會極大的混亂。 本期專題的主題是SDGs中的地球科學，共有四篇文章。 〈SDGs目標13氣候變遷融入十二年國教課綱中的自然領域課程與教學〉SDG緣起於哪些時空環境？跟2015的教案有什麼關係？本文透過2015許多教案的設計分享來思考氣候變遷融入十二年國教的規劃以及其相關成效。 〈從氣候觀點看颱風影響臺灣的頻率變化〉全球暖化造成極端氣候，如何在災難來臨時可以科學的方法及科技工具應用趨吉避凶是現在面對災難的生存之道。全球暖化是否影響颱風路徑？颱風在高緯度出現的機率會提高嗎？你知道西北太平洋與南海海域的颱風氣候特徵嗎？影響臺灣的颱風個數有改變嗎？颱風是否影響臺灣和大尺度環流有什麼關係？颱風移動路徑的長期變化趨勢如何？臺灣對颱風又愛又恨，且地處不確定性高的地方，需要更多的關注。 〈SDGs11與地質敏感區〉何為地質敏感區？是地質條件比較脆弱的區域嗎？跟SDGs11「建構具包容、安全、韌性及永續特質的城市與鄉村」的對應又是何種關係？您的住家是落在地質敏感區嗎？如何知道地質敏感區的內容與分佈範圍？看到這邊應該可以猜出本篇文章的重點了，直接閱讀欣賞吧。 〈氣候變遷及開發下生物礁當前的環境問題與保育〉藻礁議題曾有一陣子沸沸揚揚，為何環保人士特別重視？現在又是何種狀態呢？珊瑚礁和藻礁都屬於生物礁，是環境的指標，也是為海岸抵抗波浪侵蝕最佳的鐵甲武士。抗侵蝕的保護作用從何而來？天然消波塊的稱呼又是如何得之？本文為您解密？ 教學現場有兩篇文章。〈數位科技融入「相對濕度」的探究與實作課程〉透過乾濕球溫度計、電子溼度計、Arduino、觀測資料查詢CODiS，取得實驗數據，融入數位科技數據處理等等，教學現場的探究實做課程從相對溼度的定義談起到後續的資料蒐集完整呈現。還有一個尚未開發的探究部分：去探究及解構乾濕球溫度計、電子溼度計是如何基於基本定義，透過哪些基礎原理以及數位科技，讓你看到讀數？ 〈古今山海。化石傳奇～結合地球科學與自然文化保存的環境教育〉如果把地球三十五億年的歷史換算成24小時，人類只不過是在晚上11點58分才出現而已！前面那23小時58分鐘留下哪些特別的訊息？嘗試變身柯南，走入左鎮區的考古遺址、化石、特殊地質地形景觀，化石如何被發現的？地質地形的特點如何被看見？化石告訴你哪些故事？期待你透過「古今山海.化石傳奇」教案，親自踏上左鎮，去探究及欣賞這些行動遺跡中歷史的、美學的、民族或人類學價值之認知與感動。 科學新知的兩篇文章：〈雷達觀測與區域防災降雨雷達〉我們聽過很多的雷達，氣象預報聽過、倒車時也用過、這些雷達的基本原理相同，應用場合各自不同也各有創意。雷達回波圖是如何得到的？區域防災降雨雷達有什麼特色？有什麼功能值得用一篇文章來報導？來欣賞本文的雷達價值吧。 〈史前巨石與它們的產地──從地質角度看卑南遺址石柱來源〉英國英格蘭威爾特郡的巨石陣遺址廣為人知，但其實在臺灣也有類似的史前巨石遺跡與文化！文中分享了臺灣東部的巨石文化，以及「可能的產地」。究竟過去的人類是如何將巨石搬移至現在的位置，這些充滿神祕面紗的史前謎題，等著你一起揭開探索。 特約專輯〈穿越信息的海洋，開啟對世界的探索——簡介RobertF.SibertInformationalBookAward〉信息浩瀚如大海，兒童或是青少年如何在茫茫大海中讀到不錯的書，伴隨著他探索及想像世界；「羅伯特．F．西伯特信息圖書獎」認可了作家或插畫家對兒童文學的貢獻及其作品的質量，也推薦了茫茫信息大海中值得閱讀的書籍；雯子老師在專輯文章為您介紹獎項的由來、主題類型、評選標準以及獲獎的好書，介紹知識大海中的燈塔及寶石。 〈「我有沒有搞錯？」的科學探究態度—以平流層臭氧議題為例〉吳育雅老師透過諾貝爾獎化學得主的研究過程來說明：跨域研究的必然、先知的孤獨、受到的壓力、對抗財團、建模的假說、觀測的資料比對、後續的修正、對真理追求的堅持…。為什麼在一般人口密集的地方使用CFCs會對南極上空的臭氧層造成大破洞？那北極會嗎？研究發現的真實性與重要性被充分理解時是研究者真正興奮的時刻。先是看著種種研究問題發生、懷疑、假說、驗證…說故事能力很強的吳育雅老師，也在最後讓我們在回顧整個故事對應到的科學研究歷程及反思，非常值得一讀。 〈森棚教官的數學題：蜿蜒曲折〉3*4個點的一筆畫最少需要多少個彎折？最多需要多少彎折？有哪些會發生的彎折數字？趕緊提筆畫畫……。 科普活動報導〈在科學的基地裡，科學家到底做了什麼呢？〉「科學家的秘密基地」由國家實驗研究院、國家太空中心與國立臺灣科學教育館合作，透過參觀民眾與展示儀器及遊戲的互動，讓大家認識國家級研究單位的日常，也能從中學習基本的科學知識。這個特別的展會定期更新，要常常來看，會有很棒的收穫。 總召編輯委員 - 李旺龍 關於本刊 出版單位：國立臺灣科學教育館 發行人：劉火欽 總召集人：李旺龍 編輯委員： 物理科吳仲卿/余進忠/戴明鳳/朱慶琪 | 化學科古建國/王伯昌/林如章/周金城/黃琴扉 | 生物科王美芬/蕭世輝/張育傑/辛懷梓/郭淑妙 | 地球科學許民陽/王郁軒/謝隆欽/盧孟明 科技科張玉山/汪殿杰/林育沖/徐新逸 | 數學科李源順/游森棚/嚴志弘/高欣欣 | 跨領域學科李名揚/劉淑雯/吳 嫻/李芝瑜/王淑音 | 特約專欄 游森棚/黃琴扉/陳正改/劉淑雯 策劃：李耕雲 主編：吳中益 本月專題特約主編：許民陽 編輯：佟冠誼/林博雅 網頁設計編輯：施曉恬 投稿規範請來信詢問：article@mail.ntsec.gov.tw

Based on Ampere，s Law, the magnetic field intensity of the solenoids is B=μ0μr?n?I, where μ0 is the magnetic permeability of free space, μr is the relative magnetic permeability, n is the number of coils per unit length and I is the solenoidal current. The end magnetic field of the solenoid must multiply by one half. According to the above result, it can be greatly strengthened by the addition of a ferromagnetic core. First, we observe three different inserted materials of coils (wood, iron and magnetite), whose magnetic induction in different solenoidial current. By experiment, when the iron and magnetite materials were inserted into the coil, it would produce larger magnetic induction. The calculated relative magnetic permeabilities of wood, iron and magnetite materials are 0.57, 18.37 and 18.32, which are close to the reported paper (1). When the driving field is removed, the fraction of the saturation magnetization of the magnetite is retained, which is called hysteresis and is related to the existence of magnetic domains in the material. In the second part, we change the frequency of circuit switch, which induced different current. Compared with the result of the first part, it would fit the result, which is the induced magnetic field is proportion to the solenoidal current. 根據安培定律，螺線管的磁場為B=μ0μr?n?I。其中μ0為真空中的導磁率，μr為相對的導磁率，n為單位長度的線圈匝數，I則為通入螺旋管的電流。至於螺旋管的端點磁場須再乘上1/2。所以根據上述的結果，當螺旋管插入鐵磁性物質，會增強螺旋管的磁場。首先，觀察三種不同的芯物質；非鐵磁性材料，軟磁材料，硬磁材料（木棒，低碳鋼棒，磁鐵棒）在不同的外加磁場下的感應磁場，得到芯物質的磁化曲線，而計算出來的相對導磁率分別為0.57, 18.37 和18.32與參考文獻(1)接近。而當外加磁場移走時，硬磁性物質的磁性仍然存在，稱為殘磁現象。在第二部分，我們改變線路開關的頻率。發現不同的開關頻率，會得到不同的螺旋管電流，而造成不同的感應磁場。再度驗證了感應磁場大小是正比於螺旋管電流的大小。

在這篇報告中，特別針對了凝膠的機制去做探討，以許多的實驗數據，再輔以凝膠的基本定義，去臆測各種有關於凝膠的老化機制，並藉由其過程中推斷出一些有趣的性質： 1. 當膠體內水分含量不同，與凝結後的醇類膠體有相當的影響。 2. 凝膠老化後形成的結晶形狀，因凝膠溶質、溶液內互溶性的不同，形成了不同凝聚程度的絮聚現象。 3. 同種陰陽離子在不同碳數的醇類凝膠中，因為與水溶液的互溶性也有所不同，間接影響了凝膠的形成速度，這對於安定來說，包含了很大的意義存在。 4. 對於其老化的速度，會因其安定程度而有所影響。 5. 老化後的溶液內的陰陽離子濃度，會直接影響其再次安定與老化的情形。 In this report, we especially do the discussion to the mechanism of the gel. With a lot of experimental data and the basic definition of gel, we conjecture various kinds of aging mechanism about the gel, and infer some interesting problems from its course: 1. Moisture content in the gel effect the gel’s quality after alcohol condensed greatly. 2. Because of dissolving difference between the alcohol and the other substances, crystallization forms after the gel aged have formed different degrees phenomenon of gathered. 3. The same kind of negative and positive ion among the alcohol gel that have different carbon atoms. Because of dissolving difference between the ions and the solution, the ions influence forming speed of gel indirectly. To being stable of the gel, this phenomenon includes very great meaning. 4. Stable degree of the gel can influence its speed of aging. 5. The consistency of negative and positive ion in the aging solution of the gel can influence its stable and aging situation again directly.

我們的研究包括兩部份，第一部份是實地調查訪問。瞭解地震成因、傷害及現有防震方法，並調查坊間各種建築物類型，及常見私自改變建築物結構現象，做為研究的基礎。第二部份為建築物抗震實驗。研究發現：牆面挖空、頂樓加蓋、樓層挑高，建築物會在該處產生弱點，由此斷裂。柱子數量相同下，散開時支撐力較弱。不對稱建築物遇震時會不自然扭轉且易倒。隔震素材恰當，能有效提高耐震力。滑軌、彈珠隔震效果很好，但位移太大，為實際建築所不容許。建物下加裝阻尼材料，能吸收部份地震能量，降低地震對建築物的危害，並有效控制位移問題，是良好的隔震素材。樓頂加裝消能設施亦能減震，但設計極其不易。 The research includes two parts. In the first part the work is concentrated on on-site visiting and investigation such as understanding the cause of earthquake, the damage and the preventive method currently available, investigating the different types of building and the phenomenon of altering the structure of an existing building without permission by government authorities which is popularly seen in Taiwan. These are considered as the basis of the research. The second part is the experimental study of earthquake resistance of a building. The test results showed that weak-point can be caused at the place where the existing wall is moved or an extra building is attached to the roof or the structure of building has extended space between floors, and fracture always occurs at the weak-point. If the number of columns of a building is the same, then the scattering arranged location of columns is weaker than concentrating type of arrangement of columns. The building having unsymmetrical structure will twist in uneven fashion that causes the building apt to collapse in case of earthquake. Employing proper vibration-absorption material can effectively increase earthquake resistance. Sliding rails and balls can provide satisfiable vibration-isolation effect, but can also cause too much displacement of building structure. Install damping material beneath the building can absorb part of the energy of earthquake, and decrease the damage, and can solve the problem of displacement of building, therefore, damping material can be considered as an ideal vibration-isolation material. Install energy-attenuation equipment can also reduce vibration but the design of the equipment is extremely difficult.

Increasing concentrations of copper in discharged effluents pose hazards to aquatic food chains. This project aimed to develop a self-sustained copper remediation system based on electrical and microbiological principles. The production of electrons during yeast fermentation was investigated to catalyze the reduction reaction of dissolved copper ions. An electrical circuit was designed to harness electrons produced from either a pure or mixed culture of yeast, and were compared for voltage outputs. This system utilized a combination of carbon cloth and copper wire as the electrodes, and a magnesium sulfate based electrolyte. The better-performing cell was subjected to copper reduction analysis, in which various initial concentrations of copper were examined. Further data analysis was carried out on the voltage outputs achieved with both the mixed and pure cultures of yeast, in which an average base line was established and voltage flunctuations were compared to that of the base line. In this way, it was possible to determine the amount and severity of each voltage flunctuation — thus demonstrating whether mixed or pure cultures of yeast produced more stable outputs. Throughout the experiment, self-constructed equipment, including arduino microcontroller moderated incubators and drip-feed systems were implemented to maintain an optimum yeast growth rate. It was found that mixed yeast cultures produced smoother electrical potential outputs in response to feeding and stress intervals. The copper recovery experiment was therefore conducted using the mixed culture. Through a series of conductivity measurements indicative of copper concentrations, metal recovery was successfully demonstrated. Trend line analysis indicated similar flunctuations between voltage output and copper recovery rates, demonstrating how copper was recovered as a result of electrons harnessed from the yeast culture. These findings can be applied to the development of an energy efficient and cost-effective copper remediation system for contaminated water effluents.

1. Purpose: The purpose of this project was to design a theoretical tempered-air system to be integrated into an existing heating system in a home equipped with an air-to-air heat pump. This was to overcome the cost and environmental challenges of heating in cold climates as well as provide an environmentally friendly air-conditioning system in the summer at little to no cost. 2. Procedure: In the winter of 2010 an underground high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe (10cm diameter, and 30.5m length) was buried 2.5m underground around the footings of a new residential project. A fan with a flow of 3.4m³/min was attached to the pipe outside, and used to push air underground through the pipe and into the house. The ambient and incoming air temperatures as well as the date and time were recorded daily using a temperature probe with an error margin of ±0.1ºC throughout the summer and winter seasons of 2011. This data was then plotted and analyzed. A number of options to best extract thermal energy for potential use for heating and cooling were examined. Design components were selected to create an air chamber for an air-to-air heat pump to increase its coefficient of performance (COP). 3. Data: Graph 1 Graph 2 Winter Graph (Graph 1): The blue line represents the outdoor ambient temperature and the orange line represents the temperature of the tempered air. These are both arranged chronologically. The grey lines represent one standard deviation on either side of the incoming temperatures. The ambient temperatures vary dramatically, while the incoming temperatures remain quite stable. The lowest recorded temperature was about -9.0ºC, at which point the temperature exiting from the underground pipe was about 10.5ºC. Summer Graph (Graph 2): With dramatically varying ambient temperatures, the temperature of the incoming air consistently stays between 11.1 and 16.2ºC. The highest recorded outdoor temperature was about 30.0ºC, while the incoming temperature at that point was about 15.5ºC. This cold air was used as air conditioning.

NO.61-01 2022 FEB | 科學研習期刊目錄 本期專題 2022第四屆全國科學教具創意設計競賽 「輪」番上陣比比看──橡皮筋彈力驅動車 | 黃昀孟、陳宥瑋、黃粲閎、陳怡君、高嘉鄖、詹志凡、戴明鳳 張拉整體結構的發展史與其應用 | 戴明鳳 張拉整體結構實作套件設計與操作──在科學教育推廣上的應用設計 | 邱彩瑄、余青諄、詹志凡、高嘉鄖、戴明鳳 「擺」的發展史與其運動週期測量技巧的深入探討 | 高嘉鄖、戴明鳳、張又懿 教學現場 滑輪組教具研製與創課活動設計 | 謝甫宜 湯匙擲球器與拋體運動課程 | 吳明德 氣球吉他 | 曾瑞蓮、許馨月、曾靖雯 科學新知 我國氣象觀測站網的建置和演進(一)臺灣北部地區 | 陳正改 特約專欄 閱讀有趣的科學繪本培養探索世界的好奇心 | 劉淑雯、黃譯平 STEAM簡易科學實驗──自製化石翻模 | 黃國展、黃琴扉、洪振方 森棚教官數學題——飛到西飛到東 | 游森棚 科普活動報導 運用能源議題融入國小低年級生活領域之實踐 | 黃真瑱、蘇萬生 2022第四屆全國科學教具創意設計競賽 | 洪偉清 科學有藝思 AI與創造它的科學家(一)艾倫．杜林 Alan Turing | 國立臺灣大學科學教育發展中心 總召集人的話 新春喜氣洋洋，《科學研習》月刊祝大家有個美好的開始。日常生活已離不開科學，科學改善生活也大量被商業化的使用到許多教育市場；良性的科學營隊有助於參與者的能力提升，掛羊頭賣狗肉的則需要大家互相提醒，免得受騙上當。108課綱的實施有新的氣象，學生在探究與自主學習上有更大的彈性，許多競賽場合也看到能量充沛的年輕人努力衝刺。召集人在大學端任教二十多年看過許多學術倫理樣態，很多是因為老師沒教、貪圖便利使然；期許大家做為年輕學子的典範，教導他們有正確的觀念：科學要求真、創作做自己、原創要鼓勵、沒做別掛名、抄襲不可取。 科學教具創意競賽 的成果透過文章來與讀者互相對話；早期資源短缺，許多報廢的線軸加上橡皮筋及冰棒棍就變成了線軸車，有了物理老師的加入，透過科學可以把童玩之美說得更清楚了。時間的量測跟許多的量測儀器一樣有其基礎原理及精巧之處，戴明鳳老師團隊從歷史的故事為大家介紹擺的科學以及探究的試驗。起重機、吊車、纜車、斜張橋、建築藝術等等都有著許多的線條加上桿件，這些桿件有個重要的名詞叫做二力構件，這些線條其實是許多的張力纜繩，這也是在高職機工科的靜力學會學到的內容；從歷史角度的回顧以及許多建築藝術的表現，除了讓人驚豔也讓人不禁想自己也跟著做一下。 教學現場 有三篇文章，「滑輪組教具研製與創課活動設計」、「氣球吉他」及「湯匙擲球器與拋體運動課」。第一線的科學老師是票房保證，謝甫宜老師透過自製滑輪組的組裝及步驟教學，培養學生藉由實作活動探索作功vs.位能關係、如何達到省力的目標、如何完成省時的任務等重要核心概念；有科學內容、有探究、有實作、有討論，過程中的問題解決以及形成性評量都契合現有九年級的定滑輪及動滑輪教學。氣球吉他的製作連結了音樂及物理學，音樂及物理的關係是非常美的數學特徵值問題，科工館曾瑞蓮研究員科學團隊，在文章中提出的探究及操作都非常值得深入推敲。經驗豐富的吳明德老師透過簡易設施輔以APP軟體，藉由實際數據量測計算讓學生動手有感，這是很好的科學學習模式，吳明德老師文章寫作的精準也可以做為未來投稿者學習典範。 科學新知 當我們輕易地透過網路擷取許多氣象資訊時，我們有沒有想過這些不同地區的資訊是如何匯集的？當有地震警報時，不同地區的反應資訊又是從何而來？完整的自動氣象觀測站網和強地動監測站網對於預警、救災都有很即時的助益。想知道全台616個氣象觀測站的分布、氣象儀器的自動化程度以及氣象站否有人員駐紮等等問題，資深氣象人陳正改說給你知道我國氣象觀測站網的建置和演進──臺灣北部地區。 「閱讀有趣的科學繪本培養探索世界的好奇心」在新聞台很少報導國際新聞的年代，蚊子老師提供我們日本的科學繪本出版資訊，有大多是自製少數翻譯，科學範疇則從生命體、星空、圖形、數理甚至到歷史文化都能見到科學的樣貌。蚊子老師也提到 ：「與其說科學是門知識，筆者更認為科學是一種思考習慣；科學不是專門要考倒你的試卷題（在考試制度的教育下很容易落入這樣的思維），而是在日常生活就存在的事物。」期待大家看此文章並感受日本科學繪本的魅力。「STEAM簡易科學實驗—自製化石翻模」做石膏模型是大家小時候美好的記憶，當石膏與化石有所連結時，透過黏土壓印物件製作翻模工具，以及石膏調製製作模型，文中提到與5E之間的關聯、與STEAM間的關聯；除了石膏之外，還有很多科學內容期待大家開發。「飛到西飛到東」又到了動腦時間了，想像有老人、大人、小孩在操場上繞圈圈，何時他們會交會在操場跑道上的某一點？噢不！森鵬教官的問題是蜜蜂直線的來回，要大家費點心，畫一下、想一下。 「運用能源議題融入國小低年級生活領域之實踐」能源議題攸關民生，也是社會上許多爭議的來源，如何從小培育學生具有科學的認知以及批判的能力，是未來的主人翁應該有的基本素養。風能是能源的一個來源，風的科學、風的物理學、海浪等等…這些都需要更多科學的解釋。 科學GO好玩 「2022第四屆全國科學教具創意設計競賽」洪偉清主任以嫻熟的方式辦理大型競賽活動—第四屆全國科學教具創意設計競賽推廣與創新，文章中除了傳遞舉辦活動的精神及理念也嶄露如何經營及廣邀各界參與的各式輔助工作坊及分區競賽；透過活動拔擢具設計巧思，有動手實踐能力的同學，是提高學生參與及動手的最好機會。能動手有巧思是要鼓勵的對象，有原創不抄襲不找人捉刀是參與者的科學精神。 總召編輯委員 - 李旺龍 關於本刊 出版單位：國立臺灣科學教育館 發行人：劉火欽 總召集人：李旺龍 編輯委員： 物理科吳仲卿/陳耀榮/李柏翰/盧玉玲 | 化學科古建國/許良榮/王伯昌/林如章/周金城 | 生物科王美芬/蕭世輝/陳建志/郭淑妙 | 地球科學許民陽/王郁軒/李文禮/謝隆欽 科技科張玉山/汪殿杰/林育沖/趙珩宇 | 數學科李源順/鄧家駿/溫世展/張宮明 | 跨領域學科李名揚/連信仲 | 特約專欄 游森棚/黃琴扉/陳正改/劉淑雯 策劃：曾聰邦 主編：吳中益 本月專題特約主編：李源順 編輯：佟冠誼/林博雅 網頁設計編輯：施曉恬 投稿規範請來信詢問：article@mail.ntsec.gov.tw

本實驗主要探討具異形葉性的植物－異葉水蓑衣(Hygrophila difformis)異形葉的變化和\r 不同環境因子測定之下的關係，我們利用光度、光質、二氧化碳、交換水陸環境、噴灑Ethephon\r 的不同環境因子來觀察異形葉的變化。我們以水陸生植株的各項特徵(葉形缺刻、葉綠素a/b\r 比值)當作標準值，發現高光度及在水中通入二氧化碳會使植株葉形趨向陸生葉，將水生植株\r 去淹水也得到相同的結果，而將陸生植株淹水在本實驗測定時間(28 天)中並未發現葉形有明顯\r 變化，對陸生葉噴灑Ethephon 使植株產生乙烯，並增加陸生葉氣孔的數量，但在異形葉的形\r 成上並無明顯影響。由本實驗各項結果看來異葉水蓑衣的異形葉的確會因為環境的改變，調整\r 葉形及生理特徵，使其在所處的環境之下能夠達到最好的適應。

A diffraction grating was fabricated from an elastic polymer. It was patterned after a plane reflection grating with a pitch of 1200 lines/mm. It was characterized using a HeNe laser to verify properties. Angular scanning as a function of applied strain was observed for two individual wavelengths. Intensity of fiber output was optimized as an application of angular scanning in fine alignment. Beam profiles showed consistency of first order diffraction intensities at different levels of strain. This showed that the elastomeric grating’s efficiency is independent from strain. The elastomeric grating’s variable pitch can be of immense utility in optical communication systems. A stretchable grating can be used to replace typical high-cost architectures of metal or glass gratings of different pitches that correspond to various spectral regions. By changing the pitch, the grating can be used for different wavelength ranges. The elastomeric grating’s variable pitch can be used to scan different wavelengths over a wide range of angles. Angular scanning is used for wavelength channel selection, and since an elastomeric grating diffracts different wavelengths differently, it can be used for wavelength switching and wavelength division multiplexing in optical communication systems. Laser beams of different wavelengths carrying different signals can be transmitted simultaneously through an optical fiber and diffracted to route the wavelengths onto separate wavelength-specific channels.