Ambient vibration, the movement of the ground caused by transient objects such as the relative to values obtained using the commercial recorder. The natural ambient vibration of a control site was simultaneously obtained using the mechanical prototype and the commercial recorder, which were situated next to each other during the actual recording. Moreover, both sensors were used to record a control stimulus for a constant amount of time. The data obtained from these subparts were processed using WinWaveShot which quantified and presented ambient vibration as waves. The deviations of the maximum and minimum amplitudes, mode and median values of these waves, as graphed by DADiSP2002, was performed to verify the accuracy or reliability of the prototype. These graphs were converted to their DFT graphs and histograms, with accompanying converted wave properties which characterized the predominant frequency. Based from the results, the recordings obtained from the mAVR are proportional from the ones obtained from the eAVR. Therefore, the mechanical prototype is capable of recording the predominant frequency of a site. The prototype, when improved, is a potential alternative to commercial sensors since it is able to record actual movements and its scale is proportional to the scale of the eAVR. Since the prototype was constructed and can be reproduced from readily available and inexpensive materials, ambient vibration analysis can be used more commonly by architects and engineers for construction purposes. To verify the reliability of the values obtained using the prototype, the ambient vibration of other sites must be recorded and compared to those using the eAVR. wind, sounds and human activities, is one major site effect evaluation method presently used. The respective predominant frequencies of a site and the structures above it obtained using this method serve as reference to the renovation and/or construction of structures. Predominant frequencies of the landmass and the structures above it should be non-identical to avoid prolonged shaking with the occurrence of an extensive movement of the ground as dictated by resonance effect. Since electronic ambient vibration or microtremor recorders, specifically their sensors, are expensive and inaccessible, a mechanical prototype of such device was designed and constructed. The proposed design of the mechanical ambient vibration recorder (mAVR) was mainly based on the IRIS Seismograph which makes use of the principle of electromagnetic induction. The relationship between ground motion and the movement of the prototype lever, which is a direct proportion, was the concept highlighted by the prototype’s mechanism. After the design of the mAVR prototype was finalized, its assembly, which consisted of the calibration of the solenoid and the inertial mass, was performed. The calibration of the solenoid was based on the voltage output of its solenoid based on the number of turns while the inertial mass was determined based on the equilibrium level of the prototype lever. Having proven the mAVR’s capacity to function by simulating stimulus, the testing of its accuracy was done with two setups: recording of (1) natural and (2) induced ambient vibration. This tested the prototype’s accuracy

The Online Course Management system was developed in 2012 by George Moon to address the issue of creating course books at Burnside High School in Christchurch, New Zealand. The course books are designed to inform students, staff and parents of the many courses that are available for students to choose for their next year of study. In the past, the system that the school used consisted of large amounts of paperwork and duplication. Not only did this system require a lot of effort from staff, but the course book cost the school thousands of dollars to produce, as it had to be sent off to be published into a large book that would be read by students for a week, then likely thrown out. This year the school decided to digitise the course book, so that students would look at their courses online. Earlier this year, the school believed that the new School Management System (SMS) ‘KAMAR’ would be able to handle all of the necessary information, however this was not the case. Because of this, they needed a simple solution that would collate all of the course data, and then output it as a course book. I developed my project to do this. It is a web based program that is accessible by staff on their computers which enables them to enter in all of the course and assessment data for their departments. As it is all securely stored on a central database, it reduces duplication and staff workload, as well as the added environmental bonus of less paper being used. The program also outputs data in a number of ways including as a coursebook PDF (digital document which can be uploaded or printed), an Excel spreadsheet and a webpage for easy viewing. It can be sorted or printed by different categories (such as level, faculty, department), which proved to be a very useful feature. Following some research on areas such as design principles, browser compatibility and screen resolution (computer screen size), the program was designed to make best use of this this information. For example, most of the computers that staff would access the website on were of a similar size screen, so I made sure that my website worked well for them. I also used my research on design principles to try and create a simple, clean interface that users with limited computer skills would easily be able to navigate around. The outcome was real, as it was used by the school to generate their coursebook this year. Following a 95% student completion rate of course selection many months earlier than previous years, the system (although it had some issues) was pronounced a success, and the school is looking to use it in the years to come. There are a number of steps I am looking to take in the future with this program including the potential sale to other schools, so they can take advantage of the features it has to offer.

我們的研究包括兩部份，第一部份是實地調查訪問。瞭解地震成因、傷害及現有防震方法，並調查坊間各種建築物類型，及常見私自改變建築物結構現象，做為研究的基礎。第二部份為建築物抗震實驗。研究發現：牆面挖空、頂樓加蓋、樓層挑高，建築物會在該處產生弱點，由此斷裂。柱子數量相同下，散開時支撐力較弱。不對稱建築物遇震時會不自然扭轉且易倒。隔震素材恰當，能有效提高耐震力。滑軌、彈珠隔震效果很好，但位移太大，為實際建築所不容許。建物下加裝阻尼材料，能吸收部份地震能量，降低地震對建築物的危害，並有效控制位移問題，是良好的隔震素材。樓頂加裝消能設施亦能減震，但設計極其不易。 The research includes two parts. In the first part the work is concentrated on on-site visiting and investigation such as understanding the cause of earthquake, the damage and the preventive method currently available, investigating the different types of building and the phenomenon of altering the structure of an existing building without permission by government authorities which is popularly seen in Taiwan. These are considered as the basis of the research. The second part is the experimental study of earthquake resistance of a building. The test results showed that weak-point can be caused at the place where the existing wall is moved or an extra building is attached to the roof or the structure of building has extended space between floors, and fracture always occurs at the weak-point. If the number of columns of a building is the same, then the scattering arranged location of columns is weaker than concentrating type of arrangement of columns. The building having unsymmetrical structure will twist in uneven fashion that causes the building apt to collapse in case of earthquake. Employing proper vibration-absorption material can effectively increase earthquake resistance. Sliding rails and balls can provide satisfiable vibration-isolation effect, but can also cause too much displacement of building structure. Install damping material beneath the building can absorb part of the energy of earthquake, and decrease the damage, and can solve the problem of displacement of building, therefore, damping material can be considered as an ideal vibration-isolation material. Install energy-attenuation equipment can also reduce vibration but the design of the equipment is extremely difficult.

Most neurological diseases are characterized by the presence of protein aggregates,\r suggesting that aberrations in protein homeostasis are associated with neuronal demise. In eukaryotic cells, protein homeostasis is maintained by the chaperone, ubiquitin proteasome (UPS) and autophagy systems. As age is a risk factor for several types of neurodegenerative diseases, the function of these various protein homeostatic systems could become compromised with age. To understand the events that occur during normal aging, we examined the expression of key markers associated with the aforementioned systems in mice aged 1, 3, and >18 months. We found that proteasome activity and the amount of proteasome-related structures remained unaffected with age. Interestingly though, an agerelated increase of a novel Hsp70 chaperone protein species (herein designated Hsp70*) was observed. The expression of Hsp70* is also increased markedly in cells treated with pharmacological agents that promote proteasome inhibition, suggesting a functional interaction between the chaperone system and the UPS. Taken together, our results suggest that there is some form of crosstalk between the chaperone system and the UPS involving the observed HSP70 species.

In Swakopmund we have a problem with seaweed deposits on our beaches. Tons of seaweed are throwni away yearly. The reason I did this project was to see if the seaweed on the Namibian coast can he used instead of just being thrown away.Seaweed is a rich source of natural minerals and vitamins such as calcium, potassium iodine and also Vitamin A, BI and K. The seaweed on our coastline cannot he eaten as the salt content is too high. Seaweed is a marine algae that works like a sponge absorbing nutrients and minerals from the water.I extracted agar (a jelly) from red seaweed called(GracilariaVerrucosa). I dried the agar and seaweed, and I also grew mushroom spawns and bacteria on the agar plates. Secondly, I researched the possibility of using kelp (Laminaria Pallida), as fertilizer and livestock supplements. The unemployment rate in Namibia is very high. With adequate financial resources and proper marketing, seaweed can he used to increase the economy. We can market the agar to pharmaceutical and cosmetic companies, and also supply it to the university for students in Biology to grow bacteria and other micro organisms. The ferti lizer can be used to boost agriculture in Namibia. It is cheap and the farmers will he able to p1 ant vegetables with better nutritional value.All this was done to promote of biggest natural resource to create more work and to find a way for the less fortunate to create a better life for themselves.

本實驗中利用二氧化鈦能在常溫下經紫外線催化，分解空氣中的水分子，產生自由基的特性，攻擊幾丁聚醣中碳與氧鍵結的部分，使chitin 的分子量成功的從近50000 降解至3000以下；並可利用照射時間的不同，降解出分子量不同的chitin。此法不但大大排除利用化學法降解時廢液處理上的問題，而且還能利用照紫外光時間長短的不同來控制分子量的大小；又奈米級二氧化鈦(TiO?)在紫外光在短短四個小時之內就有很好的降解效果，除了節省了反應所需的時間外，降解前後幾丁聚醣的濃度也很高，因此所需的成本也遠低於當今利用酵素降解的方法。In the experiment, we used the properties of TiO? that can be catalyzed by UV rays and breaking the molecules of H?O and produce free radicals, which free radicals can attack the chemical bond between carbon and oxygen in chitin, successfully degrading chitin's molecular weight from 50000 to 3000.We also use different shining times to degrade chitosan into different molecular weight. In this way, we not only readily solve the problem of treating waste liquids produced by chemical degradation, but also control the molecular weight by different UV ray shining time. For another thing, TiO? in the nanometer level has excellent effect on degradation within 4 hours under UV ray shining. It not only cut back the reaction time but also produced high concentration of the chitin after degradation. As a result, the cost is much lower than that of using enzyme to degrade chitin.

葉綠素為植物體內進行光合作用關鍵物質，在能源領域內也有不少的應用。葉綠素是光合作用的鑰匙，葉綠素能夠累積光的能量並放出激發態電子，利用激發態電子的能量進行一連串複雜的反應，本研究的理論就建立在光合作用上，利用葉綠素吸收光能轉為電能的特性開發新型光電池。光電池使用金屬或非金屬材料，照光後能產生電流之材料作為發電材料。電池的製作過程非常簡單，實驗發電材料葉綠素也很容易取得，完全沒有汙染環境的疑慮，是非常乾淨的綠色能源。另外也探討葉綠素濃度對於發電效能的影響。研究使用的裝置是由兩片玻璃與矽膠片組裝而成的電池，在電池中間加入葉綠素與電解液。藉由改變電解液與有無光照來探討葉綠素在該電池中的氧化還原作用是否有明顯的變化，並推出化學反應式。結果顯示在葉綠素與電解液的配合下能夠建立出一套循環產電系統。

My project ‘Avert’ (To avert and vertebrae combined) involves research into posture related back problems and a solution to help prevent back pain by maintaining correct posture. My solution is a chain-like structure fitted with 24 sensors that is sewn into a Skins compression top. When worn the chain is aligned with the user’s spine from the lower back to the base of the neck and moulds to the spine as it moves. As everybody’s back is slightly different it is important that the device can recognise the difference between what may be bad posture for one person, yet relatively normal for another. To solve this the device takes an initial reading of the user’s spine in correct posture and saves it as a reference measurement. Bad posture is defined by the device as angles that exceed the natural movement of individual vertebrae and their platelets. While in use the 24 sensors are continually measuring the shape of the user’s spine and comparing it with the original reference measurement taken earlier. If any measurement links to unhealthy posture a light will flash and an alarm will sound either aloud or through headphones until the posture is corrected. This device can be worn during light activity and non contact sports to encourage the user to maintain correct and healthy posture. The device can also record and save poor posture measurements that can be uploaded later to a software program I designed to draw the shape of the spine as a vector diagram. The device can also be plugged directly into a computer so that the user can see the shape of their spine as it moves in real time. I, along with others, tested my solution with many activities and found Avert to be a beneficial and reliable product as it successfully detects slouching and many potentially problematic spine shapes. Throughout my research I gained a thorough understanding about the potential damage bad posture can cause and the endless number of activities it occurs in. With further development I feel there is a huge potential for Avert to become a marketable product used not only for posture correction in everyday activity, but for many other purposes such as physiotherapy, biomechanics and athletic performance. Many people have approached me with praise and requests for the Avert system which is extremely exciting and also rewarding to know that my research has the potential to help people.

新興的 BlockChain（區塊鏈）技術具有去中心化及資料無法被竄改的特性，在需要資料透明的領域非常適用，尤其 Fintech（金融科技）方面因貨幣貴重的特性而特別有優勢。慈善募款常常有用款不透明與部分用途不被大眾認可的問題；因此本研究使用BlockChain技術之Ethereum（以太坊）平台，成功設計出一套Smart Contract（智能合約），主要功能針對募款組織的所有撥款，須經捐款者投票，通過後才可撥用，將監督的權利歸還給捐款者，使慈善捐款能夠公開透明且受監督。同時也研究網頁前後端程式語言，設計一套大眾能簡便進行操作之介面，期望真正將此募捐平台推廣至社會。

This research divides into two subjects. The first subject aims at single-hole-swirls, we use single-hole-swirls to discuss water volume to the eddy current influence. The experiment obtains the relations between the aperture and the bottom area of the vessel. It also produces difference between free vortexes and forced vortexes of the eddy current. Our another discussion subject is twin-hole-swirls, which is extremely complex but actually an interesting part. Twin-hole-swirls is easy to be disturbed by the external factors. The result is different from our supposition. But from the experiment we discovered twin-hole-swirls is a mini version of twin-typhoons. Twin-hole-swirls has the same phenomenon with Fujiwhara effect. 本研究探討分為兩個主題。首先是針對單孔，我們利用單孔漩渦探討水量對漩渦的影響，並實驗求得孔徑與容器底面積的關係，以及自由渦流與強制渦流所產生之漩渦的差異。我們另一個探討的主題是雙孔，也是實驗中非常複雜但卻有趣的一部份。雙孔漩渦極易受到外在因素干擾，產生的結果與我們在實驗前的假設出入頗大，但從實驗中我們發現雙孔漩渦其實是雙颱的縮小版，雙孔漩渦與雙颱效應有著許多相符的現象。

It is beyond my logistical ability to determine the extent of the sisal problem in Namibia and as such I have investigated the following aspects, which should be of value to countries such as Tanzania and Kenya where there are still large plantations of the sisal plant. There is also a need to establish industries in Namibia and it is for these reasons that plant has been investigated.

NO.60-03 2021 JUN | 科學研習期刊目錄 本期專題 生物多樣性 虎斑烏賊的攝食決策研究 | 郭子新、焦傳金 昆蟲多樣性的本質與價值 | 楊正澤 「蜂」潮：蜜蜂生態教育與實踐 | 蔡明憲 向海致敬與學習:探究章魚哥家族 | 李孟芳 教學現場 偏鄉教學：昆蟲主題之跨領域大單元課程實施 | 陳采如、楊正澤、楊清豐 融入地方知識與原住民文化的淡水魚STEAM課程 | 童琳茜 夜訪大自然之夜間生態觀察 | 湯谷明 花非花、果非果—親子觀察植物形態 | 王美芬 科學新知 聆聽火星內部的迴響 | 吳育雅 哺乳類秘史 | 謝秉璋、謝甫宜 特約專欄 以珍古德傳記繪本初探跨領域和跨議題教學 | 劉淑雯、孫郁雯 歷史與現代結合-戰國弩STEAM高中教學課程 | 楊佩臻、丁于真、黃琴扉 森棚教官數學題—黑白毛毛蟲 | 游森棚 科普活動報導 科普旅遊實務初探-以在水一方為例 | 陳正治、蘇明俊 科教館GO好玩 創新科學演示設計探討以｢七上八下｣演示為例 | 陳香微 總召集人的話 氣候變遷對人類生存的影響正逐漸浮現，最近大家面臨疫情、缺水、兩次分區停電之苦，然而糧食也將會是個問題；也因為有好的科學教育，可以辨別是哪些人在胡說八道。這一期的主題是生物多樣性，雖然生物也是我們食物鏈裡的一個大宗，昆蟲食譜也是未來亟待開發的蛋白質來源。單從生物的各式超能力以及精采研究，這一期沒空談吃的，但也絕對精彩可期， 生物多樣性主題 烏賊會不會斤斤計較? 研究成果甫登上紐約時報的焦傳金教授，透過有系統的精巧試驗，來讓測試烏賊對不同價值狀態的不同反應，來說明烏賊也懂相對價值，非常值得學習。昆蟲佔動物種數的 75~80 ％，要理解昆蟲多樣性的本質與價值，可以透過文章(變異與演化、非物質與物質的啟發)對應到楊正澤教授精彩的一段”繁茂生命樹，百變昆蟲族，人類自省悟，自然得救贖。昆蟲大家族，敦親動植物，美哉小身影，征服跨水陸。體分頭胸腹，飛行有四翅，移行有六足，銼吮刺吸咀。視聽嗅氣息，騙逃嚇攻擊，越洋大遷徙，生存求第一。”絕對讓人有感。植物設法招蜂引蝶為的是授粉，傳宗接代；我們看到的嗡嗡嗡的一定是蜜蜂嗎?虎頭蜂也跟蜜蜂一樣會授粉嗎?有蜜蜂世界才是彩色的，對蜜蜂要有深入的認識才能知道這讓世界如何多采多姿；了解蜜蜂面對的氣候變遷以及環境用藥的危機，地球可能會變成黑白的嗎? 章魚有多重要?「神鬼奇航」、「海綿寶寶-章魚哥」及「尋找多麗」，甚至連世界盃足球賽的輸贏，都要先請「章魚保羅」都有章魚的身影，章魚隨環境的變色能力、模仿章魚腕的柔軟機器手臂有可能發展嗎?澎湖章魚有甚麼重要? 又您可以分辨烏賊、透抽(小卷)、魷魚、目斗仔跟章魚嗎? 教學現場 科教館的愛迪生計畫持續在許多偏鄉地區執行，熱血的中興大學教授也規劃以昆蟲為主題的跨領域科學課程，與南投縣秀林國小合作，以校園昆蟲生態特色出發，昆蟲學基礎課程加上以蟋蟀鳴蟲聲音行為特性及其鄉土文化特色編寫適用於該校的輔助教學教案；想了解大學跟國小是如何合作的嗎? 除了夜宿博物館、夜間動物園之外，夜間的生態觀察是非常精彩的，可以看到東方水蠊、盲蛛、蟾蜍等等，可以在校園、農田或樹林進行；透過觀察、提問、邏輯思考等過程建立參與者的信心以及拉近他們跟生物間的距離，打破原先的成見(如蟾蜍皮有毒嗎?)，都是值得學習的。需要打破成見的還有常見的九重葛跟聖誕紅的變態葉讓我們誤以為是花，那真的花在哪裡?竹子是草本植物、台灣欒樹的果實會被誤以為是花、無花果和榕樹的果實都是一堆小花集合成長而成的；花非花、果非果，觀察時有正確的觀念可以避免許多迷思以及添加趣味性。生態的觀察如果還可以結合文化甚至建構STEAM課程，那您還可以放過這篇文章嗎? 透過檢視洄游魚類來檢測環境指標，認識魯凱部落淡水魚，從捕撈、漁具、魚藤捕魚法到漁拓及科學繪圖，都融入「魯凱淡水魚行動展示箱」的課程設計之中，跨域整合科學、科技、工程、藝術與數學。 科學新知 什麼!火星聽診器?跟地球聽診器一樣，透過地震儀接收地震波並解鎖地球內部的震波速率變化；你想知道火星內部的深層構造嗎?洞察號如何在火星上裝置火震儀，會遇到甚麼問題?有什麼可能的解決方案? 你知道哺乳類的前身嗎? 科學研究一直發現新的事證，不斷的在推翻以前的看法，我們今天看到的可能一陣子之後又被新的發現所推翻；從化石不同部位的演化推論出不同的前世，這些美麗的過程可以在這一期看到。 特約專欄 繪本給的想像及吸引力對於兒童學習科學知識有相當的功效，您一定認識珍古德，她是在叢林中長大的嗎?她在叢林中有那些冒險故事?如何連結學生有限的生活經驗? 結合戰國弩或是投石器的歷史、文化與新設計對於學生學習以及STEAM教學上可以提供的範例，都是有志STEAM教學時可以學習的典範。黑白毛毛蟲是這期文章中我第一篇看的，馬上回憶排列組合；但是最快的方法還是土法煉鋼的全部排出來，森棚老師真的顧及到不同層面的讀者。 科普活動報導 科學旅遊是個新興產業，如何以科學為主體結合現地及文化做有深度的旅遊，是很值得討論如何拿捏的；知識性太高，感覺玩起來無趣；娛樂性太高，又覺得沒有一般的旅遊好玩；未來希望有更多的討論可以吸引更多人的投入。 科教館GO好玩 如果您知道科教館的歷史就應該知道這裡有著科學演示的藏經閣掃地僧，透過對「七上八下」的解構，與讀者分享科學演示的設計。 總召編輯委員 - 李旺龍 關於本刊 出版單位：國立臺灣科學教育館 發行人：劉火欽 總召集人：李旺龍 編輯委員： 物理科吳仲卿/陳耀榮/李柏翰/盧玉玲 | 化學科古建國/許良榮/王伯昌/林如章/周金城 | 生物科王美芬/蕭世輝/陳建志/郭淑妙 | 地球科學許民陽/王郁軒/李文禮/謝隆欽 科技科張玉山/汪殿杰/林育沖/趙珩宇 | 數學科李源順/鄧家駿/溫世展/張宮明 | 跨領域學科李名揚/連信仲 | 特約專欄 游森棚/黃琴扉/陳正改/劉淑雯 策劃：曾聰邦 主編：吳中益 本月專題特約主編：王美芬 編輯：佟冠誼 網頁設計編輯：施曉恬 投稿規範請來信詢問：article@mail.ntsec.gov.tw