本實驗的目的，就是希望利用幾丁質除污的效果，再配合酵母菌所能累積金屬的能力，以酵母菌包埋於幾丁質的方法，吸附廢水中的重金屬離子。用Langmuir理論求得飽和吸附量，進而求出休眠酵母菌-幾丁質所能吸附金屬離子0.14─0.027(g/g)的數量，與活化酵母菌-幾丁質所能吸附金屬離子1.15─0.050(g/g)，並比較回收效率，以應用於處理工業上工廠所排放的廢水。 筆者在偶然的機會將處理過的蟹殼幾丁質固體置於石綿心網上，竟然在數分鐘內像塑膠般熔化，探討原因竟然是石綿心網上的某些金屬鹽所造成，因此筆者希望能透過這發現，用簡單的方法製造出低去乙醯化、高強度及耐中度酸的幾丁基質，並可應用在廢水處理上。;The purpose of this experiment is to explore the effect of using chitin and yeast plat to clarify the heavy metal cation, and that yeast plat works on the accumulation. In the process, the yeast plat is embedded in chitin to absorb the metal cation, therefore, by the theory of Langmuir, the impregnate absorption of dormant yeast-plat-chitin (0.14-0.027[g/g]) can be obtained and yeast-plat-chitin (1.15-0.050[g/g]) can be activated as well. In this way, the efficiency can be compared to apply to work on the effluent in industry. By putting shell-chitin-solid on the wire gouze by chance, we found it melted like plastic in just a few minutes. Some kinds of metal salt on wire gouze cause this change. Therefore, this easy ways can be used to makelow-deamide function group become of high strength and durable under acid environment. The results obtained from this experiment can be applied for the processing of waste liquid.

The purpose of this research is to create a device that is able to precisely measure small dynamic changes which cannot be recognized by the human eyes. The Vernier Caliper and the screw micrometer are common tools used to precisely measure lengths of objects. However, things which are measured by the Vernier Caliper or the screw micrometer have to be in a solid state, and the shape cannot be changed. By applying the light lever principle on Lego bricks, this research uses the LabVIEW graphical programming system to design a device which is able to automatically measure small dynamic changes. The precision of this device is higher than that of the Vernier Caliper and the screw micrometer. Moreover, this device is able to precisely detect the small dynamic changes of solids and liquids as well. Through numerous tests, the least count of the device can reach the level of 10-3cm. Also, this device has successfully measured small changes, such as the height of the liquid surface by one drop of water, the evaporation of water in one minute, and the growth of a plant in one hour. By popularizing this device, people will be able to precisely measure small dynamic changes which are difficult to be measured in a short time.

Contains two human-computer interfaces. The first is an interface for blind people to perceive visual sensations using his tongue. Images from a webcam is processed with artificial intelligence software and is placed as a sensory matrix under the tongue. Currently the sensor placed on the tongue is about 8x8 pixels. The sight and the taste divide similar areas on the cortex so the blind person can adapt very quickly to the image sent on his tongue as an electricity matrix. Taste buds are the second sensor matrix after the eyes(as resolution) is based on the same principle of the Braile code but the information is received by tongue and it's proportional with the image from webcam and the person can receive more informations. The second interface follows the intent of motion detection of a person with disabilities. It is based on processing the neural signal of the brain taken by an handmade encephalograph and processing them with a artificial intelligence on computer. The project contains hardware and software. This project tries to suggest that the human computer interfaces can be made to support people with disabilities.

To-be static objects, such as bridges, volcanoes, seldom move ordinarily but have mini displacement only under special conditions, like flood or earthquakes. Therefore, how to measure their mini displacement has never become fully popular with scientists’ research. Then, beginning with “ Optical Lever Theorem”, through a series of speculation and discussion, I decide to use laser ray as light source to perform an experiment ------- trying to find objects with mini displacement in our daily lives, such as revolving electric fans, engine-opening motorcycles, shaken trees, testing their magnifying effect first. Next, I try to use the control-experiment method to find out the magnifying relation and formula of the rotation angle of the plane mirror and the displacement quantity of light focus. As to the measure of mini displacement on objects, I utilize the pillar mirror as a reflection plane to research the magnifying relation of reflection light focus and original displacement quantity. The image made from the light focus of pillar mirror’s reflection, however, isn’t so perfect that I have to use a special plastic-made light-concentrating mirror, which is also called “ Fresnel Lens ”, to focalize the light for easy observation. Besides, I find out the “ function graph ” of the mini displacement quantity on to-be static objects and the displacement quantity of reflection light focus. At last, I try to build up a “ Bridge Alarm System ” of Optical Lever Theorem. 準靜物如橋樑、火山，由於平常不輕易移動，只有在特殊情況下（如洪水、地震）時，才會發生位移的現象。因此，其微小變位如何測量，一向是科學界較少探討的題目。於是，先由光學槓桿原理著手，經過一番思考、探討，決定採用雷射光作為光源，並作了第一個實驗－－找生活中具極微小變位的東西，如轉動中的電扇、引擎發動的摩托車、被搖動的樹木等，先測試其放大效果。接著就試圖用控制變因的方法，找出平面鏡旋轉角度和光點平移量的放大關係和公式。至於物體微小的平移量之測量，則是利用柱面鏡作為反射面，來探討反射光點的位移與本來的平移量之放大關係。然而，柱面鏡的反射光點成像並不理想，於是用一種特製的塑膠集光鏡，又稱Fresnel Lens，將光點集中以利觀測，並且找出準靜物之微小平移量及反射光點的位移量的函數圖形。最後，嘗試建立一套光學槓桿式的「橋樑預警系統」。

Reflex charging, or burp charge, is a prove method of effectively charging secondary\r batteries under extremely high current. It is commonly used in military and aerospace\r applications where short recharge time and long cell life are essential. Eric C. Darcy, a NASA\r chemical engineer, in his 1998 PhD thesis, ‘Investigation of the response of Ni-MH cells to\r burp charging’, outlined some of the most important theories behind this seemingly\r miraculous technique. However, due to the technical limitations of his equipment, Darcy was\r unable to determine the effects of varied reflex charging frequencies. This research overcame\r this problem by using a purposed built multi-frequency programmable reflex charger\r (PRESTO ALPHA I), and aimed to optimize chemical energy storage by searching for an\r optimum charging frequency.

流行病學資料顯示，近年來口腔癌發生率明顯增加。本研究之目的是探討口腔黏膜細胞微核發生頻率及彗星分析法之基因傷害指標是否與菸、酒、檳榔暴露有關，以及是否可以看到菸、酒、檳榔之交互作用。 研究對象為桃園地區山地鄉之民眾，利用問卷收集個人之菸、酒、檳榔及干擾因子之暴露資料，再採集樣本之口腔黏膜細胞及血液樣本，進行基因傷害評估。 結果顯示，口腔黏膜之微核發生率與檳榔之暴露相關性最大，可以解釋12.6％；然而，彗星尾部動量和尾部長度則以香菸暴露解釋力最大；同時，檳榔與香菸的基因傷害交互作用似乎存在。因此我們認為，口腔黏膜細胞之微核發生頻率對於檳榔暴露者應是不錯的基因傷害指標，而香菸暴露則以彗星分析法之指標較為敏感。 ;Epidemiological studies showed that the incidence of oral cancer increased significantly in recent years. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the genotoxicity of cigarette smoke, alcohol and betel quid use as well as the. interaction effect between these three risk factors. The study subjects were selected from residents lived in a mountain area of Tao-Yuan county. We used questionnaire as a tool of exposure measurement. The exfoliated oral buccal cells and blood samples were collected for the assay of micronucleus frequency (MNF) and comet assay. We find that there are higher MNF in smokers, alcohol drinkers, and betel quid users compared with nonusers. However, a significant difference can not be found because of small sample size. The relationship between MNF and three risk factors was strongest in betel quid use, however, for smokers the parameters in comet assay were more sensitive than MNF. There is a tendency of additive effect between cigarette, alcohol and betel quid although without statistical significance. Advanced statistical analysis is suggested to find stronger evidence in the genotoxicity biomarker.

本研究針對東北角鼻頭港海域中主要的珊瑚品種──萼柱珊瑚（Stylophora pistillata）進行實地觀察、實驗研究，藉以探究其與共生藻(zooxanthellae)之關係。透過複式顯微鏡觀察共生藻和珊瑚蟲。使用細胞計數器計算共生藻數量，再除以珊瑚分枝面積可得共生藻密度。影響珊瑚白化最劇烈的因子是海水溫度的極端高低溫變化。因此，測量棲地水溫為本研究監測對象。實驗驗證：短時間內水溫劇烈降低或稍長時間溫度穩定上升超出珊瑚適應範圍，共生藻密度隨之減少，造成白化。實驗綜合浮潛觀察，發現鼻頭海域的萼柱珊瑚在2010年7~8月可見白化的現象。

Our research is connected with the problem of the mercurious wasre products (MWP) recycling, luminescent lamps take a great part among them. The problem of recycling MWP is topical not only in Yakutsk, but also in other cities of Russia because of its toxic influence on the human’s body. Mercury is the top among eight the most dangerous metals. I have analyzed the conditions of recycling of luminescent lamps in Yakutsk schools. I have got data on the problem. There is a great amount of the fused luminescent lamps is stored in the territory of schools, it produces danger for the pupils’ health. On the research work I have proposed some ways of solution of the problem.

複雜系統廣泛地存在每個人生活的周遭，儘管這些系統在表象上有明顯的差異，卻不約而同的都呈現出臨界現象。一個簡單的物理概念卻能廣泛地使用在許多不同的場合當中，這是令人始料未及的。這份報告在尋找，是什麼原因導致這許多似乎與物理沒什麼關聯的系統，都呈現出臨界現象？以及這類系統是如何演化的？臨界現象在系統的演化歷史中，又是扮演怎樣的一個角色？一開始，先介紹臨界現象在實際系統中表現的形式，在這以文字系統作為範例。接下來，進入思考的階段，猜測系統個體間存有的關聯性，提出如何影響的假設，並建立模型。從模型結果，可以了解複雜系統隨時間演化的趨勢改變，並發現臨界現象在系統中扮演的角色以及代表的意義。這份報告有三項結論：1. 臨界現象在複雜系統中呈現的形式 2. 模型結果與實際系統十分相似 3. 臨界現象代表著系統的穩定態。The theory of Scaling Law and Universality was originally used in researching Critical phenomena, and now we find it existing in our normal life. A simple physical concept can be used extensively in different courses. This study try to find out the relation between individuals which causes Critical phenomena appear in such different courses in our normal life, and figure out the effect time brings about. To begin with, we introduce the sights of Scaling Law and Universality by exploring the formation of complicated system. Facing a complicated word system as a real example, we observe an extraordinary phenomena, and find out the Universality and Scaling Law in different kinds of linguistics. In the main part, to think further, what’s the relation between the individuals that leads to Critical phenomena? We will give hypotheses and build a model to simulate complicated system from the view of Universality, trying to find out the cause of the interaction of complicated system. From this model, we could understand: When a complicated system evolves with time, the Critical phenomena will naturally occur in this system that could be considered as dynamic equilibrium. From this study we found out(1) The Universality and Scaling Law in complicated systems, here we use linguistics as an example.(2) Under the hypotheses, the simulation is almost as same as the real result of linguistics system.(3) Time plays an important part in the Critical phenomena which can be found in many different complicated systems, and Critical phenomena symbolize a stable state of such systems.

能源危機日益嚴重，開發再生能源成為當務之急。在諸多的再生能源之中，太陽能最易於使用，且可源源不絕的不斷取得利用。但目前太陽能電池的效率始終不高。其中重要的原因是太陽本身的頻譜多為短波長，並不適合絕大部分頻譜響應較佳，多為長波長的太陽能電池。目前改善效率方式，多為改變太陽能電池的頻譜響應以配合太陽之頻譜。本研究提出反向思考的概念，藉由頻譜轉換的方法，改變照射在太陽能電池上的太陽光頻譜，以提升太陽能電池的效率。本研究利用一種珊瑚礁的螢光蛋白質（DsRed）以及人工合成的螢光染料（Cy-5）最為本研究的頻譜轉換的材料，加於低成本，目前市場佔有率較大的單晶矽太陽能電池上，經由理論與實驗的結果顯示，增加的發電效率約為3~5%，證實利用頻譜轉換的概念確實可以提升太陽能電池的效率。Energy crisis has become more and more serious in recent years, which makes recycled-energy development is a must. Among different recycled energies, solar power has two advantages, that is, easy-to-use and endless supply. However, the conventional solar cell makes poor use of the solar spectrum because the solar spectrum is mainly composed of short-wavelength, which can’t fit to most of solar cells which is more sensitive to long-wavelength. Currently, the major method to improve the efficiency is change the function of spectral response, such as concentration lens, tracking devices, and antireflection coating. Up to now, no one notices the possibility of changing solar spectrum yet. This research provides an insight into this issue. Instead of changing the function of spectral response, I changed the solar spectrum, which irradiates solar cells through spectrum conversion to improve solar cells’ efficiency. This research uses one kind of coral fluorescence proteins (DsRed) and one kind of artificial fluorescence dyes (Cy-5) as the materials of spectrum conversion. Then coat them on the low-cost and high-market-share mono-crystal-Si. According to the theories I researched and my experiments, the improvement of the efficiency is about 3~5%, which proves it is actually useful to elevate the efficiency of solar cells through spectrum conversion.

給定一平面E，A為平面上一點。取r>0，則我們知道到其距離為定值的點形成一圓，而A為此圓圓心。如果把A改成一平面圖形，則到其距離為定值的點形成的集合會是什麼樣子？類似地，給定平面上兩焦點F1及F2在平面上，則到其距離和為定值的點形成橢圓。同樣的，若把F1及F2改成平面圖形，其圖形會是什麼樣子？藉著GSP的輔助，到目前為止，我們得到了以下的結果： \r 1. 給定一平面E及此平面上的一個凸多邊形, 我們描繪出在此平面上到此凸多邊形之距離為定值的點所形成的圖形。\r 2. 設F1和F2分別為平面E上之點或線段或多邊形（未必是凸多邊形），我們利用包絡線描繪出所有滿足d(P,F1)+d(P,F2)=k（k夠大）的點所形成的圖形。 \r 3. 設C1,C2為平面E上之兩圓，我們討論所有滿足 d(P,C1)+d(P,C2)=k\r （k夠大）的點形成的圖形並討論其性質。 \r 4. 設L1和L2分別為平面E上之兩線段，我們討論所有滿足d(P,L1)+d(P,L2)=k（k夠大）的點形成的圖形並討論其性質。 \r 5. 設A為平面E上之一點，Γ為平面上一凸多邊形，我們討論所有滿足d(P,A)+D(P,Γ)=k（k夠大）的點形成的集合並討論其特性。 \r 6. 藉由和圓作比較，我們研究了變形圓的光學性質；而對變形橢圓也做類似的討論。\r Let E be a plane and A a fixed point on E. Given , it is known that all of the points on E with distance to 0r>rA form a circle and the point A is called the center of this circle. What is the corresponding graph if we replace the point A with a set (for example,a segament or a polygon) contained in FE? Similarly, what is the case when we modify the two focuses and in the definition of an ellcpse to sets and (or example,two segments or two polygons) contained in 1F2F1F2FE ? Taking advantages of GSP and analytic geomety, we research related situations and so far we have obtained the following results:\r 1. Let Γ?E be a segment, a convex polygon or a circle , etc. and r>0 be fixed. We sketch the graph of points on E with distance r to Γ and study properties of such graphs.\r 2. Let F1 and F2 be singletons, line segments , polygons(may not be convex), or circles,etc., on E Taking advantage of envelopes, we sketch the graph of those points P on E satisfying d(P,F1)=k(K>0 is large enough).\r 3. Let C1 and C2 be circles on 1C2CE. We sketch the graph of the points P on E that satisfiy d(P,C1)6d(P,C2)=k (k>0 is large enough) and study properties of this graph.\r 4. Let L1 and L2 be two line segments on E and be a large enough constant. We sketch the graph of points P on E that satisfy d(P,L1)+d(P,L2)=k(k >0is large enough) and research properties of this graph. 0k>\r 5. Let A?E and be a convex polygon on ΓE. We sketch the graph of points on E that satisfy d(P,L1)+d(P,L2)=k(k>0 is large enough) and research properties of this graph.\r 6.We compare the optical properties of metamorphic circles with circles and we deal with metamorphic ellipses similiarly.

This research divides into two subjects. The first subject aims at single-hole-swirls, we use single-hole-swirls to discuss water volume to the eddy current influence. The experiment obtains the relations between the aperture and the bottom area of the vessel. It also produces difference between free vortexes and forced vortexes of the eddy current. Our another discussion subject is twin-hole-swirls, which is extremely complex but actually an interesting part. Twin-hole-swirls is easy to be disturbed by the external factors. The result is different from our supposition. But from the experiment we discovered twin-hole-swirls is a mini version of twin-typhoons. Twin-hole-swirls has the same phenomenon with Fujiwhara effect. 本研究探討分為兩個主題。首先是針對單孔，我們利用單孔漩渦探討水量對漩渦的影響，並實驗求得孔徑與容器底面積的關係，以及自由渦流與強制渦流所產生之漩渦的差異。我們另一個探討的主題是雙孔，也是實驗中非常複雜但卻有趣的一部份。雙孔漩渦極易受到外在因素干擾，產生的結果與我們在實驗前的假設出入頗大，但從實驗中我們發現雙孔漩渦其實是雙颱的縮小版，雙孔漩渦與雙颱效應有著許多相符的現象。