利用陰極電弧蒸鍍各種薄膜，如：類鑽膜（DLC）、氮化鈦膜（TiN）、氮化鉻膜（CrN）、氮化鋁鈦膜（TiAlN）以及先披覆上一層氮化鋁鈦膜（TiAlN）再加上類鑽膜（DLC）的合成膜等。這些薄膜現在已經被廣泛的應用於各種刀具、模具的表面處理之中。本研究主要在探討高速鋼鍍上氮化鉻膜（CrN）之後，對於硬度、磨耗性質的改變，以及觀察氮化鉻膜（CrN）表面結構之組織。 在研究中我們運用陰極電弧蒸鍍系統蒸鍍氮化鉻薄膜，分析上運用SEM來觀察薄膜表面結構組織，以及運用洛氏微硬度機來觀察試片的硬度，另外還有使用磨耗試驗機來進行磨耗測試。以上這些測試總括來說都是在得知性質有無實際上的改變，而這些實際上的改變對於蒸鍍之後的模具或刀具都能夠大幅的提高使用的壽命。 We evaporated different kinds of thin films by using the anode of the electronic arc, such as DLC (Diamond-Like Carbon), TiN (Titanium Nitride), CrN (Chromium Nitride), TiAlN (Titanium Aluminum Nitride), and synthetic films of covering TiAlN and DLC. These thin films have been used widely in processing the surface of a variety of cutters and moulds. The purposes of this research were to investigate changes of hardness and abrasion and to observe the organization of the surface structure of CrN after High-speed steel evaporates CrN. In this study, we use the system of the anode of electronic arc to evaporate CrN. Besides, SEM is used to observe the organization of the surface structure of the thin films and Rockwell Micro-hardness Test Machine is used to investigate hardness of testing samples. Moreover, we use Abrasion Tester to test abrasion. These tests are taken to lead to a better understanding whether the quality really changed. These changes of evaporated moulds or cutters would extend their frequency of using.

液體中之球體運動與液體的黏滯性有關，本實驗找出球體半徑與終端速度之間的關係。利用攝錄機作為紀錄工具，拍攝三種材質（壓克力、玻璃、水晶）的球體在沙拉油中的自由落體過程。使用電腦影像處理軟體將影像分解成幅影像，時間的解析度為1/30秒。測量球體的高度與時間，分析高度與時間的變化情形，發現終端速度與球體半徑之間的關係。 流體中之運動方程Fdrag = -k1V，無法符合實驗結果。我們的實驗結果顯示油中的自由落體的運動方程應該是Fdrag = -（k1V+ k2V2）。由不同材質的壓克力球（~1.18g/cm3）、玻璃珠（~2.47g/cm3）與水晶球（~2.66g/cm3）所獲得的終端速度（Vt）與球體半徑（a）的關係為a3(ρ-ρ') = 0.00003（a Vt）2 + 0.00021（a Vt） + 0.00575，其中ρ與ρ'分別為球體密度與沙拉油密度（0.90 g/cm3）。 再者，在相同半徑的條件下，密度越大的球體終端速度越大，在靜止下落後，越久達到終端速度。 The motion of a sphere which is falling through a fluid is subject to the fluid viscosity. In this study, we find out the relation between the radius of a sphere and the terminal velocity. We used a digital camera to record the sphere's descent in the oil. The three kinds of sphere we choose are acrylic（~1.18g/cm3）, glass （~2.47g/cm3）and crystal （~2.66g/cm3）. Frame-by-frame analysis of the video footage yielded rough estimates of the sphere's location within 1/30 seconds accuracy for statistically consistent results. By measuring the location and time and analyzing them, we find out the relation between the radius of a sphere and the terminal velocity. The expression of the drag force,Fdrag = -k1V, is not cosistent with our results. The study indicates the expression of the drag force should be Fdrag = -（k1V+ k2V2）. The expression for the terminal velocities of the three kinds of sphere is of the form：a3(ρ-ρ') = 0.00003（a Vt）2 + 0.00021（a Vt）+ 0.00575, where a is the radius, ρ is the sphere density and ρ' is the oil density（0.90 g/cm3）. In addition, if the radius is the same, the terminal velocity of a denser sphere is higher and the time to approches the terminal velocity is longer.

溶液和溶劑置於同一容器中，當溶質向上擴散時，會形成濃度梯度及折射率梯度 dn/dy，且dn/dy 對高度y 的關係圖會呈現隨著高度改變的現象。 半徑r 的Ｄ形容器，下方置溶液，上方置溶劑，以雷射光照射容器的平面部份時， 雷射光沿著法線出射，受折射率梯度的作用而向下偏Ζ距離，a 為容器至屏的距離， 得到dn/dy=Z/ar 的關係式；改變雷射光的高度y 可得dn/dy 圖。 以硫代硫酸那作實驗，其dn/dy-y 圖為以原始界面為對稱軸，因其擴散係數不隨濃 度改變；甘游水溶液的dn/dy-y 圖呈現不對稱，圖形的極大值往甘油方偏，主要係因 為甘油的擴散係數隨濃度的增大而減少。 我們成功第把不同時間對同一溶液的實驗結果予以模型化，得到的dn/dy-y 曲線隨 時間改變，並發現該曲線所涵蓋的面積為定值。 雷射光經光柵再照射半圓筒，可直接測出各高度的折射率，量出y、 dn/dy、n、及濃度可算出擴散係數。The mixing between a pure liquid and a solutionin a vertical column produced a concentration gradient , which in turn produced the refractive index gradient . As the solute particles diffused upward into the pure liquid , a gradient was generated because of the varying solute concentration . The plot of the refractive index gradient versus vertical position y (dn/dy vs y) is found to vary with time . A D-shape container of radius r is partly filled with a dense solution , and partly filled with solvent which is on the top of the solution. When laser beam pendicularly enters the flat surface of the container, the outgoing beam strikes the container at a normal incidence , and is deflected down a vertical distance Z by the refractive index gradient . We can get dn/dy=Z/ar , where a is the distance between the container and the screen . By changing the vertical position (y)of laser beam , we can get the plot of dn/dy vs y . We have successfully modeled the time dependent experimental gradient curves on the same solution . The area beneath the trace of dn/dy vs y at different time is found to be constant . Additionally, with a grating at the center of the semicircle, we can measure the index of refraction n and get the plot of n vs y. The diffusion coefficient D of the solute can be calculated using the plot of dn/dy,y,and time t.

The main purpose of this experiment is to discuss the characteristics of iridescent colors of Taiwanese Euploea’s wings, inclusive of the relations between the colors of wings and squamas. According to the results from scanning electron microscope, we discovered that the iridescent colors had a close relation to nanostructure and arrangements of squamas. We inferred that both the nanostructure and the arrangements would influence the formation of iridescent colors and the basic colors on wings. In addition, the basic colors on wings are related to different types of scales. To compare with the diverse formations of different sorts of Taiwanese Euploea’s wings, we took SEM pictures of Elymnias hypermnestra as well, discovering that its iridescent colors had similar relation with scales. And there was the regulation that Elymnias hypermnestra had only one type of scales at iridescent area, and two different scales at not-iridescent area as well as Euploea’s. 本實驗目的為探討台灣地區紫斑蝶蝴蝶翅膀幻色的特性，以及翅膀幻色與鱗片的相關性。由結果得知，幻色實驗中利用掃描式電子顯微鏡發現紫斑蝶幻色的形成和其鱗片的細微結構與排列方式有密切相關。我們推論紫斑蝶的鱗片細微結構與排列皆會影響其幻色的形成，而顏色的不同則與不同類型的鱗片相關。除此之外，我們亦對同具幻色的紫蛇目碟進行拍照分析，發現其幻色亦與鱗片有相關性。紫蛇目蝶的幻色區具有單一種鱗片構成的規則性，非幻色區則有兩種鱗片，與紫斑蝶相同。

本實驗使用奈米級二氧化鈦能經紫外線催化，分解空氣中的水分子產生自由基，攻擊膠原蛋白中碳與氫鍵結的部份，使膠原蛋白的分子量成功的從300000 減少至少到20000 以下。其次，利用紫外線波長或酸鹼值的變因之下，控制降解出來的分子量大小。利用此法可在4個小時內得到很好的降解效果，不僅可以節省反應所需的時間，所需的成本也比當今所使用的酵素降解法來得低。 其次，我們檢測降解完後膠原蛋白的活性，發現只要不照光超過2 小時，膠原蛋白所剩的活性還不錯。如此一來，我們就可以利用此法快速的製造出有用的膠原蛋白了。 ;In the experiment, we use the properties of TiO2 which can be catalyzed by UV rays and breaking the molecules of H2O and produce free radicals that can attack the bond between carbon and oxygen in collagen, degrading collagen's molecular weight from 300000 to at least below 20000. We also use different UV rays and pH to conduct the experiment, controlling the molecular weight by degradation. By using this technique, we can get good effect of degradation in 4 hours. It can not only cut back the reaction time, but also costs much lower than the way using enzyme to degrade collagen. Furthermore, after the degradation of collagen, we also carry out the experiment to make sure whether collagen is “alive” or not. We have got the result that collagen can still work if it is not shone under UV rays more than 2 hours. In this way, we can use the technique to produce useful collagen rapidly.

本研究主要的目的是在開發同時具有空氣清淨與照明的兩種燈具。其中桌燈是基於自然對流原理，利用燈泡發熱讓氣流通過燈具上方的濾網達到過濾功能，為了尋求過濾效果與照度兼顧的最佳值，本研究並提出比較因子的概念。在吊燈方面，除了運用自然對流原理之外，還更進一步利用太陽能驅動風扇，進行強制對流，強化過濾的效果，使得本研究成果更趨於完善。 由實驗結果可得知，桌燈在四星期長期測試條件之下，其過濾效果增進率分別為39.1, 40.8與 40.1%。在吊燈四週長期實驗的結果方面，螺旋與 100W 鎢絲燈泡在自然對流的過濾效果增進率分別為49.1%與 51.4%，而100W鎢絲燈強制對流方面過濾效果增進率則為60.2%。由整個研究結果可以發現，本燈具對於空氣清淨有極佳的效果，在不增加額外耗能條件之下，能增加燈具的散熱效果與延長壽命，同時又具備空氣清淨效果，對環境空氣品質具有相當的貢獻。 The purpose of this study is to develop a novel lamp with both the functions of air-cleaning and lighting. One of it is the desk light. Basing on free convection principle, it makes the air run through the filter on the top of the lamp by its heat in order to attain the aim of air cleaning. To find the optimum value of both cleaning effect and illumination, we advanced the compare factor. The other is the droplight, though it is based on the same principle, we use the solar energy as its power to drive the fan. So that the effect of the filter can be augmented and the result of this research approach perfect. According to the experimental result, in the four-week experiment with desk light, the enhanced efficiency of filter is 39.1%, 40.8% and 40.1% respectively. On the way of droplight with four-week experiment, the enhanced efficiency of filter is 49.1% and 51.4% with helix and tungsten(100W) lamp under the condition of free convection; the enhanced efficiency of filter is 60.2% with tungsten(100W) lamp under forced convection. All these results of the research shows that the novel lamp has great performance on air cleaning and much better effect of heat sink without extra consuming of energy, also the lifespan of the lamp can be extended. Furthermore, it is capable of air cleaning and contributes to the quality of environmental air.

Annually several baby’s and toddlers drown. There are safety devices available on the\r market for ex: Safety nets in which toddlers can get strangled. Pool covers that have to be\r taken off when people swim and replaced after they have swam. If they are not replaced\r afterwards, babies could fall in the water and drown. Fences around the pool:- The gate\r could accidentally be left open and the toddler could fall in and drown.

The study is to investigate Taiwanese tardigrades,and the research of that is few. Tardigrades are commonly called water bears and have been identified more than 750 species. Limno-terrestrial tardigrades are small, 0.2-0.5 mm in length, and mostly found in moss cushions growing on rocks, soil, or the wall of houses. When the environment dehydrates in dry weather, Tardigrades desiccate into a reversible state of metabolic suspension called cryptobiosis. We have been finding a number of tardigrades in moss at many places in Taoyuan country. First, we put the moss on the dissected microscope to seek for tardigrades, and then placed it on the microscope for photographing and observing. The study is mainly focus on Taiwanese tardigrades. we have classified 11 Taiwanese species in four families（Echiniscidae,Calohypsibiidae,Milnesiidae and Macrobiotidae）, making Chinese keys of classification. From the habitat envoriment, the species, the density and the diversity we survey as well as the most suitable pH envoriment we experiment, we approach the relationship between the distribution of tardigrades and their habitat. Besides, we also research lots of conditions which bring cryptobiosis and make culture medium in order to inspect its living. These results indicate that tardigrades desiccate into cryptobiosis in ten munites in acid rain(pH4.65). From outdoor surveys, we have noticed tardigrades can’t be found in the moss right next to road.The length of each family is: Calohypsibiidae＞Milnesiidae Milnesium＞Macrobiotidae＞Echiniscidae. 此研究是探討台灣熊蟲，而有關台灣熊蟲的文獻資料極少。熊蟲屬於緩步門，體長約 0.2-0.5 mm，熊蟲在不利的環境會蟄伏，環境有利時又會膨脹而復甦，而其構造系統不因此而破壞。 我們在桃園縣多處的苔蘚發現熊蟲，我們先將採集的苔蘚放至解剖顯微鏡下尋找熊蟲，再由複式顯微鏡觀察構造並拍照紀錄。研究主要是探討台灣本地的熊蟲，我們已分類出十一種台灣熊蟲，製作中文檢索表。藉由觀測採集環境和所測的密度、歧異度和種類，及實驗出其最適宜的 pH值，探討環境對其分布的影響。也探討各種因素與蟄伏的關係，製作培養基以觀測其生活史。研究結果顯示：1.已經分類出台灣有緩步門四科（端爪科、Calohypsibiidae科、Milnesiidae科和 Macrobiotidae科）十一種熊蟲。2. 污染嚴重或環境髒亂的地方，不會有熊蟲的存在，且熊蟲有群居性。3. 端爪科(棕色)熊蟲在 pH4.65（台灣都會區雨的酸鹼值）以下的液體環境活動力明顯降低。4.熊蟲多分布在高溼度（87.5~90.4％）的地方，不分布在中低溼度 （76％以下） 的地區。5. 各科的體長為 Calohypsibiidae科＞Milnesiidae科 Milnesium屬＞Macrobiotidae科＞端爪科。

當流體由圓管流下，在碰撞到物體後水流會產生類似駐波的形狀。為瞭解此現象的產生機制，及影響此現象的變因，我們改變流體的表面張力、流速及與碰撞物體間的距離，以探討各變因對波形所產生的影響，進而研究此現象的成因。由實驗結果發現波形會因流速加快、擋板距離增加、表面張力減少而有波長變短的趨勢，且可以用表面張力波的理論解釋。由理論推導的結果，可測量液體表面張力。由於圓球狀的外型使表面積增大，可增加液體之散熱的面積，因此可應用在水冷系統方面。A phenomenon similar to the standing wave, which occurs when a slow-velocity fluid jet collides with an obstacle, was observed. Because the free surface profile was observed to be stable, the phenomenon was not considered as standing wave. To understand the mechanism of this phenomenon and the factors that can affect the free surface profile, the surface tension of the fluid, jet velocity and the distance between the exit of the tube and the obstacle are varied to study their influences on the free surface profile. According to our experiment, the wave length is shortened when the jet velocity or the distance between the tube and the obstacle increases or when the surface tension decreases. The tendency of the investigated phenomenon can be explained by the capillary wave theory. Based on Bernoulli’s principle, continuity principle and surface tension\r equation, an ODE (ordinary differential equation) could be formulated. By using numerical method to solve this ODE, we predict the free surface profile which could match the experimental photo well. The tendency of the phenomenon can also be explained by the ODE. In order to measure the surface tension of the fluid, we wish to minimize the experiment apparatus. To enhance our assumption we use laser to locate the individual particle that we add in the fluid and calculate the velocity field of the flow jet.

生態保護教育、維護自然環境生態是現今最熱門的話題，就近利用校園所擁有的已重新植栽原生物種之生態水池，開始進行現有物種紀錄與分析、水質分析。生態池藉由沉水植物的栽種、繁衍茂盛後，可為水中生物提供一個良好孵育的環境，所以紀錄了保育類的貢德氏赤蛙(Rana guentheri)、蓋斑鬥魚(Macropodus opercularis)，和台灣昔往溼地之台灣萍蓬草(Nuphar shimadai Hayata，水蓮花)、大安水簑衣(Hygroghila pogonocalyxHayata)。根據目前已記錄之數據應可知：本校生態池物種豐富度相當高。生態池水質仍算穩定－酸鹼值維持在 7.0~7.2 之間，顯示生態池的緩衝能力高。而高階消費者－鳳頭蒼鷹(Accipitertrivergatus)的出現，顯示本校附近生態體系的健全與穩定！最終期待－－生態池成為學子們快樂天堂：萬紫千紅之四季面貌的改變、戲水、戲蝶、再發現新紀錄…達到生態永續經營與生命教育傳承。

To-be static objects, such as bridges, volcanoes, seldom move ordinarily but have mini displacement only under special conditions, like flood or earthquakes. Therefore, how to measure their mini displacement has never become fully popular with scientists’ research. Then, beginning with “ Optical Lever Theorem”, through a series of speculation and discussion, I decide to use laser ray as light source to perform an experiment ------- trying to find objects with mini displacement in our daily lives, such as revolving electric fans, engine-opening motorcycles, shaken trees, testing their magnifying effect first. Next, I try to use the control-experiment method to find out the magnifying relation and formula of the rotation angle of the plane mirror and the displacement quantity of light focus. As to the measure of mini displacement on objects, I utilize the pillar mirror as a reflection plane to research the magnifying relation of reflection light focus and original displacement quantity. The image made from the light focus of pillar mirror’s reflection, however, isn’t so perfect that I have to use a special plastic-made light-concentrating mirror, which is also called “ Fresnel Lens ”, to focalize the light for easy observation. Besides, I find out the “ function graph ” of the mini displacement quantity on to-be static objects and the displacement quantity of reflection light focus. At last, I try to build up a “ Bridge Alarm System ” of Optical Lever Theorem. 準靜物如橋樑、火山，由於平常不輕易移動，只有在特殊情況下（如洪水、地震）時，才會發生位移的現象。因此，其微小變位如何測量，一向是科學界較少探討的題目。於是，先由光學槓桿原理著手，經過一番思考、探討，決定採用雷射光作為光源，並作了第一個實驗－－找生活中具極微小變位的東西，如轉動中的電扇、引擎發動的摩托車、被搖動的樹木等，先測試其放大效果。接著就試圖用控制變因的方法，找出平面鏡旋轉角度和光點平移量的放大關係和公式。至於物體微小的平移量之測量，則是利用柱面鏡作為反射面，來探討反射光點的位移與本來的平移量之放大關係。然而，柱面鏡的反射光點成像並不理想，於是用一種特製的塑膠集光鏡，又稱Fresnel Lens，將光點集中以利觀測，並且找出準靜物之微小平移量及反射光點的位移量的函數圖形。最後，嘗試建立一套光學槓桿式的「橋樑預警系統」。

本實驗一開始主要探討超聲波在水中的基本性質，如：指向性、衰減性…等。實驗發現，超聲波的衰減會同時與其指向性以及衰減性有關。 接著希望利用超聲波在水中的物理性質，近一步測量超聲波在水中的聲速，實驗中則利用駐波以及聲光效應測量。在駐波法測量聲速的實驗中，用洗淨機當作聲源，內部放置量筒，量筒內盛水後放入木屑，並使聲波在其中產生駐波即聲浮現象，求出波長後反推聲速，測量出的聲速誤差值僅有1.13%，而在使用聲光效應測量聲速的實驗中，使1.65 MHz 的超聲波在自製的壓克力容器內部所裝的水中產生駐波後，以波長650 nm 的紅光雷射通過，在遠處屏幕即產生似於光柵繞射現象，藉著屏幕上的繞射條紋反推該液體聲速，測量出聲速誤差均在5%以下。 在觀察聲光效應實驗中，發現過段時間後有氣泡產生，由文獻上，得知此現象為超聲空蝕現象(Acoustic cavitation)，就設計實驗測量聲場中聲壓分部，並利用蠟紙觀察氣泡的成長。實驗發現聲場中的聲壓強度以及液體的表面張力和蒸汽壓會影響到產生空蝕的臨界值及產生氣泡的數量。 ;At the beginning this experiment explores the ultrasonic base in the water, including its velocity, the physics property of liquid, direction, and attenuation etc. . . At first, we use methods of standing wave to measure the velocity of sound under the water, using an ultrasonic cleaner as the sound source and putting some wooden powder in the water. As the standing wave accrues/produces, the powder will “stand still.” To measure the length between two grains of powder, in this way we can calculate sound velocity. Another method we use is diffraction of optics. Put 1.65 MHz source and water in a transparent container; then using laser through it. At the board much diffraction light stripes are created. By this way, we can estimate the velocity. Following these ways can calculate velocity precisely. In these experiments, some bubbles create in the container are discovered. We learn it is so-called “Acoustic Cavitation” based on the reference paper. Besides, we design experiment to know the bubbles’ growth and the number of the bubbles is connected to the physics property of liquid. We use different kinds of liquid with different vapor pressure and surface tension. Finally, we know when it has the smaller surface tension and bigger vapor pressure, the liquid makes bubble velocity grow faster and larger amount of bubbles are produced.