近在台灣新發現的筆筒樹萎凋病，造成大量筆筒樹(Cyathea lepifera)枯萎死亡，對於此疾病的防治已成亟需解決的問題。先前的研究中，已確認病原菌為新屬真菌並命名為Ophiodiaporthe cyatheae sp. nov.。本研究則在於以生物交互作用方式進行防治，尋找拮抗菌，針對特性實際應用。 研究中因實驗素材與操作方法的差異分為細菌與真菌類拮抗菌兩大主軸，且皆成功自土壤中各分離出數種有應用潛力的拮抗菌。細菌方面，尋獲並經鑑定為Burkholderia gladioli，對於病原菌有良好抑制效果，然由於此菌本身安全性有疑慮，實用上仍有待商榷。真菌方面，拮抗菌以超寄生方式與快速的生長能力制伏了病原菌，期待透過比較消除病原菌的速度，篩選出其中最強大適切的拮抗菌種，運用於實際田間病殘株處理。

目的：1. 以地理資訊系統分析臺北市靜水生態系的分布狀況；2. 分析靜水生態系的連接度。過程和結果：我實地踏察了臺北市區的381 個地點，在其中187 處發現224 個靜水生態系，首次統整出臺北市區靜水生態系的現況資料。靜水生態系的平均密度為0.82 個/km2，其密度與人口密度成正比。以 GIS 軟體標定這些水池，發現它們成任意或叢生分布。再以 VisualBasic 程式語言設計程式，以預測移動能力不同的濕地生物在這些靜水生態系間移動的情形。結論：由程式模擬可知，能在所紀錄地點間自由移動的濕地生物種類很少，顯示都市化對靜水生態系的隔絕效應。In a city, still water ecosystems (ponds and lakes) are divided by buildings and roads, so they are not continuous in the space. I surveyed 381 sites in Taipei City and found 224 ponds and lakes at 187 sites. The density of still water ecosystems is 0.82 per square kilometer. The density of still water ecosystems is higher in areas where more people live. I use a geographical information system software to mark the locations of these ponds. Their distribution is either random or clumped. I use Visual Basic to design a program to predict how do wetland creatures move among these sites. My program tells that very few creatures can move freely, indicating still water ecosystems in this city are quite isolated.

An exact solution to many current computational problems, such as the famous Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP), require a complete tree traversal in order to determine. This is often unfeasible, as the time complexity of the tree traversal grows exponentially with the size of the input, thus leading to an essentially computationally intractable problem. The branch and bound technique is an approach commonly used to speed this process. It entails dynamically pruning off branches of the tree in which the answer is probably not found in, hence reducing the amount of data that is needed to be traversed and the total time and resources required to perform the computation. In this paper, we introduce a new load-balancing strategy for the execution of such a branch and bound algorithm in parallel, using a three-tiered hierarchical approach, to perform fractal image compression, which is essentially a complete tree traversal problem. This novel heuristic is aimed at achieving optimal load-balancing and minimising unnecessary network traffic and bottlenecking, which functions by predicting the optimum search depth and hence controlling the coarseness of the input that is assigned to each worker node. Our scheme additionally enables us to tailor to the specifications of different clusters, as the heuristic is adjusted based on network speed and processor speed, which vary appreciably from cluster to cluster. We further discuss how to apply our method to other large tree search problems, such as the TSP and other NP-complete problems. We have also enhanced an existing load-balancing strategy outlined in Crivelli et. al. (2004, IBM Journal of Research and Development), by prioritising the reallocation of idle worker nodes such that supervisors who are in need of more help receive a larger share of the free workers.

a. Purpose of the research: Find a potential way to reduce the global warming, and develop a process for the lignocellulosic ethanol production using rice straw, which is an agricultural waste. b. Procedures: One of the greatest challenges for society in the 21st century is to meet the growing energy demand for transportation, heating and industrial processes. This significantly contributes to “Greenhouse Effect.” Rice straw is one of the lignocellulosic biomasses which are renewable organic substance and alternative source of energy. For the first time, rice straw was pretreated using autoclaving or a hypochlorite-hydrogen peroxide (Ox-B) solution, which is broadly used in potable water treatment. The pretreated rice straw was hydrolyzed with two kinds of enzymes: Cellulase and Spezyme. Following hydrolysis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia stipitis were inoculated for ethanol production. c. Data: With the 5% Ox-B sample (initial sugar concentration was 5%), the final ethanol concentration was about 1.1%, is 87.3 % of stoichiometric and fermentation efficiency yield. Currently, we’re developing a new mutant, which can use glucose and xylose simultaneously, by using soft X-Ray. In conclusion, for the first time, rice straw was pretreated by using autoclaving or hypochlorite-hydrogen peroxide (Ox-B), solution which is broadly used in potable water treatment. The Ox-B solution treatment was an essential step for efficient hemicelluloase hydrolysis. Using 5% rice straw sugar, 1.1% ethanol was obtained. d. Conclusion: Further optimization study of fermentation process and strain improvement researches are in progress. We hope to see future cultivators to move through the energy of ethanol produced by rice straw. This project has a great emphasis towards understanding the importance of bio-energy and its nature.

本實作以光學全像術為基礎，拍攝出三維立體的影像。內容主要為分別製作「穿透式」全像片、「反射式」全像片及「彩虹」全像片等三部份。其中，在反射式全像片中，嘗試以不同數量的光束來拍攝。發現以單光束法拍攝出的全像片比較容易成功，但重建影像的視角與效果都不如雙光束拍攝法來的好。在拍攝彩虹全像片的過程中我們令狹縫為變因，做有加狹縫與未加狹縫的實驗，實驗發現效果不同。並以改變狹縫的角度、方位，來觀察底片的變化。最後，觀察出豐富多樣的彩虹變化型態。全像片可重建拍攝的物光與參考光，並顯現拍攝物的三維狀態。可應用於信用卡、紙鈔防偽，廠商標籤，附加商品（如鑰匙圈、貼紙），廣告看板等，用途廣泛。 The purpose of this project is to construct the 3-dimensional images utilized optical holography. The holograms we made can be categorized into three main types: transmission, reflection and rainbow. In reflection hologram, we have tried to construct the hologram by the use of different number of light beams. It could be found that the reconstructed image of the hologram formed by a single beam is better than those of the hologram formed by two beams. However, the field of view and image quality of the two-beam hologram was better than those of single-beam hologram. In rainbow hologram, we varied the orientation and position of slit to investigate the quality of the reconstructed images. The reconstructed images displayed rainbow image diversity. In application, the holograms can display three-dimensional images by reconstructing the hologram. In addition, the holograms are in widespread applied in security applications of credit card、banknotes、labels、stickers etc.

The purpose: is to protect the building against the fires\r The main idea: is an Automatic emergency exit.\r When fires happen, the smoking detector works, giving sound and light.(signals)\r Then the emergency Exist opens automatically.

Mirabilis Jalapa is a wild flower, which is often seen in countryside of Taiwan. This plant blossom regularly every day around PM 3:00-6:00. Since its regular behavior, it has the potential to become a model plant for research on circadian ryhtem. According to the on spot observation, a Mirabilis Jalapa will bloom consistently, whereas a minority of flower will bloom earlier or later. First, we observe how Mirabilis Jalapa response to disparate environmental conditions. Under a short period of light(8h) and an average period of light(12), Mirabilis Jalapa acts as normal. But under a long period of light, it flowers approximately 1h ahead of time. When under a continuous light, Mirabilis Jalapa shows a regular flowering in the first four day, and after that, circadian rythem of flowering terminate. The ripe flower buds mentain unbloom for 10 days or more, finally end up withered. Meanwhile, floral meristems are also suppressed. Temperature alter seems affct the flowering slightly. Second, we use SDS-page to detect protein divergence 6h interval.But as many of the earlier attempt, the floral stimuli is not sensible for average protein qualitative analysis. So we decide to take more direct approch by genetic experiment. From supplemental material of article” Orchestrated Transcription of Key Pathways in Arabidopsis by the Circadian” we obtain a group of genes regulared by bioclock in Arabidopsis.With Bio Informatics we choose 41 single gene, and compare with sequences in other species, designing promotors to isolate similar genes in Mirabilis Jalapa. Use rt-PCR to detect the level of certain gene expression,and compare characters of those genes in Mirabilis Jalapa with those genes in Arabidopsis. We also blast those 453 genes to the database of animal, trying to recognize some genes that is widely separated between disparat species. And test these genes in Mirabilis Jalapa to confirm this result.本實驗先針對紫茉莉開花生物時鐘的特性進行觀察，並以不同的變因測試對紫茉莉開花時鐘的影響，紫茉莉個別花朵開花生物時鐘並不一致，長日照會對植株造成開花時間提早（約1 小時）的影響，全日照則會對花芽分生及開花行為造成抑制，溫度對於開花影響不明顯。而後利用蛋白質電泳對不同時間點的樣本進行分析，由於開花激素存量極微，故並電泳結果無明顯差異。再來以阿拉伯芥已知與生物時鐘有關的基因中經過生物資訊（Bio Informatics）預測在紫茉莉中存在與開花及光週期有關之基因（CAA75629 CAB56039 AAB60305 AAC49807 AAA82068），針對該基因進行表現量的測定，驗證該基因與開花生物時鐘的關聯性。針對動物界與植物界中已知與生物時鐘相關的基因進行交叉比對，希望找出跨界廣泛存在的生物時鐘基因，接著測試紫茉莉中該基因的存在與否及表現狀況與其他物種的差異，驗證該基因分布的廣泛性。

有一次上實驗課時看到鄰桌的同學正以實驗室的毛細管吸吮一瓶\r 葡萄汁，每當他吞嚥時，毛細管內殘餘的葡萄汁竟然以近似等速的狀\r 態降回果汁瓶裡，這似乎違背了重力加速度的常理，是毛細管的影響\r 嗎？還是葡萄汁特有的現象？這與毛細管插入葡萄汁的深度有關嗎？\r 這一連串的問題皆因升學壓力而無暇深究。\r 升上高中的那年暑假，我參加了學校舉辦的資優科學營，在物理\r 實驗課中恰好遇到了以毛細管測量液體黏度的實驗，使我有機會深入\r 思索毛細管內液體流速的問題。這個實驗很不好做，要調整兩個定高\r 容器，使水平毛細管兩端產生固定的壓差，讓流經管內的液體為等速\r 的流動。大家手忙腳亂地操作了近三小時，測出來的黏度不僅和老師\r 公布的答案差距甚大，而且各組同學所測得之結果也大相逕庭，不過\r 我們都體驗到了液體黏度對流速的影響。\r 實驗的誤差為什麼那麼大？扣除人為操作誤差後儀器本身還有多\r 大改進空間？有否更精簡的方法測量黏度？毛細管中液體的流速真\r 是固定的嗎？把毛細管斜置或是垂直架置，流速還會固定嗎？重力不\r 會影響流速嗎？若流速真為固定的，如何控制或改變流速呢？是否可\r 以利用流速來測出液體黏度？\r 由於我對這個實驗的專注，在學校選修的專題課程中即以此為題\r 目做長期的研究，在老師的指導下，我和同組同學不停地查閱有關書\r 籍及整理資料，漸漸研究清楚原理後定出實驗計畫，並開始購買材料\r 與工具，長期地動手實驗及改進，兩年來我們利用毛細管中液體的等\r 速及不等速流動的特性，發展出了兩種既精簡又準確的液體黏度測量\r 法，以下就是整個研究及創作的過程。\r \r \r The viscosity is one of the most important parameters of the fluids. In conventional viscosity experiments, capillary-based viscometers are widely adopted because of their user-ready devices and moderate prices. However, to accurately measure the viscosity, the fluid velocity must be kept constant; otherwise, the fluctuation may cause the serious deviation. Besides, traditional capillary viscometers often require a long time to make the measurement. This research aims at exploring the capillary fluid mechanics and developing accurate and rapid methods to measure the viscosity. In this study, we developed two creative viscosity-measuring methods, the gravity sloping helical structure and the gradational liquid-level difference, and constructed two cost-effective capillary viscometer prototypes accordingly. The gravity sloping helical structure employs a long helical capillary as the flow channel and utilizes the gravity force to keep the fluid velocity extremely constant. The highlight of this method is that we can see the fluid flow through the capillary directly. On the other hand, the gradational liquid-level difference method uses the pressure sensors to precisely monitor the liquid-level difference, which drives the flow in the capillary, and allows automatic measurement of viscosity. Compared with computer simulation, the experimental results agreed well with the theoretical values. The gravity sloping helical and gradational liquid-level difference methods achieve 0.5% and 0.8% accuracy respectively. In addition, the automation of viscosity sensing also greatly facilitates the viscosity measurement. Furthermore, these two methods are both valuable for incorporating into educational purpose and industrial application.

在升學主義越來越興盛的社會中，考試成績成為人人關心的重點，這\r 次研究就是藉由數理資優班同學的各學期在校成績和指定考科成\r 績，透過迴歸分析，找出各學期成績與指考成績之間的關係，並利用\r 圖表來解釋各種科目在各學期的課程，在高中三年所學的重要性，在\r 藉由此結果，希望能對目前老師的教育重點及學生學習方式能有所幫\r 助，亦可了解學生在高中求學過程中，哪些階段對指考成績較有正面\r 影響，進而強化該學習階段，以有助在指定考科時能充分發揮所學。\r \r In a society that emphasize on degrees, examination scores become the\r spotlight, and the ultimate goal for a high school student who had worked\r so hard for three years is to achieve high scores in the J.C.E.E. In the\r three years of high school, each subject has different topics each semester,\r but which semester has the most decisive effect on the J.C.E.E. score?\r This research is to study the effect of each semester on the J.C.E.E. by\r analyzing the grades of a science and math talented class in Senior High\r School using Regression analysis to find out the connections between\r term grades and the J.C.E.E. Then finding out which term grades had the\r most decisive effect in each subject. By using the result, we hope it can\r help teachers in their teaching and students in their learning. Also, it can\r provide the information about which stage in high school has positive\r effects on J.C.E.E. grades, therefore enabling students to emphasize on\r that stage in order to perform well on the J.C.E.E.

目前正逢能源危機之際，能源再生成為全球關注的課題。有鑒於此，本研究應用高導磁環形鐵粉芯，在表面纏繞多圈漆包線，形成環形管(Toroid)。環形管外圍再繞上交流電源線，電源線內電流產生的磁場，被高導磁環形鐵粉芯所引導，產生較強而均勻的磁場，傳遞至內圈的單心漆包線環形管，依法拉第定律產生電動勢，達到能源再生的目的。藉由六項實驗，驗明我們研究雙環形管理論，推演所得的電動勢公式 ε＝(μN1N2/2 r) a2ωIo cosωt 是正確的。再生的電動勢能驅動高亮度的發光二極體提供照明、電器產品充電；還能提供電流過載警示，防止電路過載起火的危險；串、並聯使用則可產出較大功率，深具應用與研究的價值。During mankind are urgent developing of new energy, recycle energy are also one of the global topics; we are using single-heart-Turn around how the high permeability enameled wire ring formation of iron powder core ring solenoid, from the external power supply line also used around - Ring solenoid (Toroid), due to changes current power supply lines of magnetic field generated by the high-permeability core Ring guided iron powder, and can produce more uniform magnetic field so that the inner ring of single-heart enameled wire Ring solenoid, according to Faraday's Law electromotive force can be generated to achieve purpose of recycle energy, we will be divided into six experimental studies to confirm this theory deductions obtained by electromotive forceε＝(μN1N2/2 r) a2ωIo cosωt is correct, this electromotive force will enable to supply high brightness LED Optical lighting, can also be used for current overload warning system , if use on series-parallel connection that will produce larger power output, it has great application potential, so the subject is worth to research and development.

Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most important condiment crops in Sri Lanka. The main constrain in chilli cultivation is the Leaf Curl Complex (LCC) which reduces the quality of the pods as well as the yield. Many researches have been proven that the problem can be controlled by Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices. Colour sticky trap is one of the mechanical methods in the IPM package which reduces the pest population successfully. Mainly three colours, namely blue, yellow and white have been identified as suitable colours for traps all over the world. This study was thus, conducted to find out the most effective colour for sticky traps to control chilli leaf curl complex in the Intermediate Zone of Sri Lanka. Traps were prepared from wooden plates of 30 x 25cm in size and the colours were applied in both sides of the plate. Both colourless and odorless vaseline was used as the sticky substance. These blue, yellow and white sticky wooden plates (traps) were fixed in 1m height from the ground level and they were used as the treatments. Six pots with 2 plants each of the variety ‘KA-2’ were used in a treatment and three replicates were sited for the experiment. All the agronomic practices were equally done for all the treatments. Number of trapped pests associated with the LCC was counted in 4, 6, 9 and 12 weeks after transplanting. The number of leaves affected by the pests in a canopy was counted in 7, 10 and 12 weeks after transplanting. The number of damaged green pods and the pod weight were taken at harvesting. The mean values of the number of pests trapped in white, yellow and blue colour traps were 162, 160 and 38 respectively. The percentages of damaged leaves in a canopy at 7, 10 and 12 weeks after transplanting in the blue trap were 89.07, 98.00 and 100.00 respectively. Those values in the white trap were 87.37, 98.90 and 93.29 and in the yellow trap were 69.03, 87.26 and 82.26. Percentages of damaged green pod weight in the blue, yellow and white treatments were 66.63, 47.06 and 45.65 respectively. These results suggest that yellow and white colours are more effective in sticky traps in pest controlling to control chilli leaf curl complex in the Intermediate Zone of Sri Lanka. Further studies are required to confirm the results.

Our traditional bow is a kind of horn bow which appeared at the side wall in the sepulcher\r around A.D 600. A lot of traits of the horn bow have been handed down to us in an\r unwritten form. This is the reason why I would like to research and investigate the several\r potential capacities in the field of Physics, such as structures, materials and efficiency.