BCH (Bnip-2 and Cdc42GAP homology) domains are a novel class of protein-interacting domains. First identified in BNIP2 and in Cdc42GAP, a GTPaseactivating-protein (GAP), canonical BCH domains play important and varied roles in the control of cell morphology and apoptosis induction, amongst others. However, this domain is currently classified under lipid-interacting sec14 domains due to low sequence identity (~20%). Given this intriguing similarity, the relationship between BCH and sec14 domains is worth further study. As BCH/sec14 domains are closely associated with cell signaling and human disease, characterization of these domains and the elucidation of their functional diversity could better aid our understanding of their cellular functions and disease pathogenesis.

The project is a simple traffic light which operate two by two type. The new ideas in this project are :1- Digital counter for car signal.2- Digital counter for side walkers. 3- Auto traffic detector.4- Red light crosser detector. Digital counters. The signals counting the whole period the the junction do in each cycle. The counter starting counting from 16 sec. down to zero and each side walk counter is vise versa with it is main counter. The time is changeable between 1-99 seconds. Also there are four square lights fitted with the main counter to illuminate the colors. Auto Traffic detector. There are three sets of switches in front of each traffic light to detect if the road is clear for the cars to enter the next road. Red light crosser detector. After the signal become red this system will operate to detect any car try to cross the red light by the car cutting the switch two times.

Table tennis the fastest ball sport in the world has become so fast that rallies have become\r very short. My investigation this year is a further study into slowing the game down. Last\r year I studied the effects the newly introduced 2mm larger ball had on the game. I\r concluded an average increase in rally length from 2.93 to 3.47 balls per rally passing the\r net. Although a 16% increase sounds large, it was an average of less than 1 ball per rally\r difference. I came up with another way to slow the game down my aim was to find out if\r increasing a table tennis net height will decrease spin, speed and increase control i.e. rally\r length and to find out what percentage extent each height level has on these factors. I\r wanted to be able to present a finding as to the optimum net height for the percentage\r increase in rally length that is desired.

A documentary profile about an invention (a secure safe) Introduction: Firstly, we thank Allah, the Lord of all, and the Prophet Mohamed “peace be uponhim”. The importance of scientific innovations and inventions is demonstrated in the development of humanity fulfillment the requirements of modern life. In this respect, the presented innovation and thoughts have appeared in order to help the humanity. Within this context, the man or anyone needs to feel secure as far as his wealth and properties are concerned. Within this regards, the idea of creating (inventing) a secure safe appeared, and this will enhance the perspective of security, and confidence via making a secure safe. It has been stated in our Scared Quran “co-operate and help each other in the constructive and good works and don’t co-operate to do hostility and bad actions. Invention identity: Name of the invention: secure safe Components: sensor, mobile phone, battery, conductive means (wires)How does the invention work? Operating Process Firstly, when approaching or touching the safe body, the electric circuit attached to a sensor in the safe is closed and this will directly get the mobile phone ring. Therefore, the safe’s owner will realize that there is danger about his properties or the money included in the safe. The main objective of the invention: Adding further security to the private and public properties, and enabling the owner to watch or control his properties all time everywhere. Where this invention can be used: usage fields This invention will be used in the security domain as well as that of the economic. It can be employed and used instead of a lot of security persons. The future vision of the invention Its components can be integrated into one unit and therefore the usual size can be minimized. Further, it could be possible to add a camera to the invention to be used for additional purposes in several fields; e.g. cars, premises, house, etc.

1. Purpose of the research Because we live in a famous winter sport region in Switzerland, we have been confronted with the problematic of avalanches since we were born. In winter 2011/2012 alone, 179 people were involved in an avalanche accident, of whom 25 died. The most important device for searching and rescuing a buried person is the avalanche transceiver. It creates an electromagnetic field, which can be used to locate a buried person with another transceiver. The most important factor while searching is time: After 30 min. the chance of survival of a buried person has dropped to 40%. Considering the fact that people often make mistakes when they are put under such a big stress, valuable time gets lost. This is where our project comes into play. With an automation of the searching process a fast and reliable search should be achieved. The aim we agreed on for this paper is to develop a prototype of a robot that can find an avalanche transceiver automatically and reliably. To study and optimize the functionality of our robot more easily, our tests have only been performed on flat ground. 2. Procedures The components of an avalanche transceiver with only one transmitting antenna are used as a receiver. With the help of this receiver, the signal of a transmitting avalanche transceiver was analysed. Furthermore, the results were used to evaluate the most suitable search technique. Our robot is based on the “RP6” robot system, which is programmable in the C-language. The signal of the receiver is modified in a way which allows the robot to read it. Based on the results of the signal analysis, a search algorithm is developed. In the final tests the robot was examined as to its functionality and efficiency. Therefore, the robot was positioned at randomly chosen starting points to locate the transmitting device. 3. Data The transmitter could be located correctly in every test. The starting points were successfully located up to 11 m from the transmitter. The search ending points were found at a maximum range of 0.5 m from the correct position. 4. Conclusions In view of the results, the aim of developing an automatic localisation of an avalanche transceiver on flat ground as a prototype is seen as fulfilled. Outside the specified range, the transmitter can only be located unreliably. This is due to the fact that outside that range the signal differential in different directions is too small to be processed by the robot. Our prototype was tested under ideal conditions. Certainly, our robot is still some way from being ready for use in an actual avalanche. Many different questions have not been answered yet or have come up during this project, for example: ‘How should the robot should be applied on uneven terrain?’ or: ‘How should it deal with several buried people at once (multiple transmitted signals)?’ Two aspects of our prototype, the low weight and the low construction costs, however, are particularly favourable.

本次科展我們所探討的，是關於圓的分割問題，討論披薩被切出來的面積和及切痕的長度和等相關問題。 我們提出並且用較初等的數學方法證明了幾個與圓的分割有關的問題，包括披薩定理以及另外七個定理。 最後我們也利用GSP軟體驗證定理二、三、四分給2人時的對偶結果和定理二分給3人以上時的其他結果，並對於一般情形的推廣，作合理的猜測。

三角形的邊上取任意多個點，我們可以把這塊大三角形沿著切割線切割成較小塊的三角形，但切割線必須是點（或頂點）和點的連線，而且必須切割三角形，同時可以切任意大小的三角形，如圖（1）與圖（2）。但不可以一開始就取走整個三角形。定義拿到最後一塊三角形的人獲勝，而在多邊型中的玩法與在三角形中相同。 我們分A、B、C三種規則來討論，其中A規則即是上面提到的玩法，B規則大部分的玩法和A規則都相同，唯一不同的地方在於：A規則中，只要有一方取到剩下的圖形為三角形，另一方就可以直接取走剩下的三角形，而B規則規定即使剩下的圖形已經是三角形，也必須取到剩下的圖形邊上都沒有分點為止。C規則是限制玩家一次所能取的三角形數來進行遊戲。 我們完成了A、B、C規則中三角形與多邊形的必勝策略，並找出必勝策略之間的關聯。 ;Given any numbers of points on the sides of a triangle, the players can cut this triangle into pieces. Each cutting line has to be one, linked between two points given from two different sides. And the player can’t have to cut smaller triangles out of the original triangle. The out-cut triangles can be chosen randomly without any restriction in size, just like what’s shown in picture（1）and（2）. Meanwhile the first player can’t cut the original triangle exactly all out in the very beginning process. We define the player as the winner, who gets the last triangle. And the above way we play can be applies to any multi-side shapes. We discussed the question respectively in three rules, A, B, and C. Rule A is what we mention above. Rule B is generally the same as rule A, except for the only difference：The rule A , if there is any triangle left , the next player can get it directly, but while in rule B, the every next player has to cut out smaller triangles until no point is left on sides. Rule C proceeds on conditions that there is a limitation to a certain number of triangles cut out at a time. We has finished the winning tactic respectively in rule A, B, and C in the games with a triangle and multi-side shapes. Furthermore, we find the connection between the winning tactives.

Surfactants have a great effect on decreasing the surface tension in aqueous solution and thus they are important components in detergents. The present study aims to explore the cleaning mechanisms of the substances for greasy subjects such as bowls and clothes. The roles of various surfactants that have on the changes in the surface tension of aqueous solution in the presence and absence of additives such as tea and salt have been carefully studied by using a lab-made equipment. We carefully observed the changes in the oil droplets after pushing oil in a syringe to the aqueous\r solution containing surfactants and additives. With decreasing the surface tension of the aqueous solution, the size of the droplet becomes smaller. By using this simple lab-made equipment, we are able to determine the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), with a result of 0.0079 M at 20 ℃. The result is in a good agreement with the literature (0.0077M). With decreasing temperature and adding salts such as sodium sulfate, the decreases in the surface tension have been confirmed by our simple experiments. This simple equipment also allows study of the effects of impure additives such as salt, tea, vinegar that have on the changes in the surface tension of aqueous solution containing commercial detergents. We have found that most of the additives have a great effect on reducing the surface tension of the aqueous solution. The present study results suggest that the simple experimental set-up is practical for measuring the CMC of surfactants and for exploring the effects of additives on changes in the cleaning ability of commercial detergents.界面活劑性可有效降低水溶液的表面張力，因此，他們是清潔劑的重要成份。該實驗主\r 要在探討各種物質的清潔機制。利用自製的實驗裝置，針對各種不同的界面活性劑在添加了鹽類或茶水後界面張力的改變量，作詳盡的探討。我們將含有不同濃度界面活性劑以及添加物的水溶液裝入容器中，在推擠針筒使其的油通過針頭並進入該溶液後，我們仔細的觀察紀錄油滴大小的改變。結果顯示界面張力的降低會使得油滴變小。藉這個自製的裝置，在20℃下，本實驗所測得的陰離子型界面活性劑-十二烷基硫酸鈉之臨界微胞濃度0.0079M。結果幾乎與過去的文獻0.0077M 值符合。該實驗同時也證實了降低溫度，添加了鹽類後，可有效的降低界面張力。此外，此實驗裝置也可以用來測量市面上販售的清潔劑在添加了不純的物質後，其界面張力的改變量。我們發現大多數的添加物都能有效降低界面張力。目前的實驗結果顯示，這項實驗裝置在測定臨界微胞上有很高的實用性，同時也可以探討不同的添加物對市面上販售的清潔劑之洗淨力的影響。

在一個有障礙的平面上，給三個定點，我們探討連接此三點的最佳網絡。我們討論了諸如直線、射線、線段、圓、網格狀、三角形……等類的障礙，當網絡每穿越障礙一次，就必須付出代價，例如「拖延5 分鐘」。所以，設網絡穿越障礙的次數為y ，則網絡除了原本的總長度之外，還額外加入y 倍某固定數值的損耗。我們以費瑪點的各種性質及三角形不等式等方法為工具，就不同的穿越障礙次數綜合比較，而找出最佳網絡。在某些情況下，最佳網絡不是以費瑪點來連接三點，而是在障礙(如：直線)上找出符合某種與餘弦值相關特殊性質的點，以該點來連接三點，而此網絡可用GSP 軟體相當精確地作出。另外，我們也探討在考慮障礙造成損耗的情況下，兩點間的「實際距離」為何。 最後，我們考慮「混合障礙」問題。在此類問題中，除了前面所討論的障礙，還另加了如同「河流」的兩平行直線間區域之障礙，在這種障礙區域中，網絡的長度要乘以數倍來計算。我們發現，此類問題的最佳網絡也可用特定的正弦條件配合GSP 而相當精確地作出來。;Considering various kinds of obstacles in a plane, such as a line, a segment, a ray, a circle, a triangle or chessboard grids, which function like a red light, we research into the problem of finding the optimal network connecting three given points A, B, C in the plane amidst obstacles described above. Each time when the network crosses an obstacle, it will cause losses, such as five minute’s delay or a loss of one hundred dollars. Taking advantage of Fermat points, some basic inequalities concerning triangles and some special qualities about sine or cosine functions, we obtain the optimal networks in different situations. Besides, we consider what the “real distance” between two points is when there are obstacles in a plane. We also put another obstacle, including a line and a weighted region between two parallel lines, into consideration. In the region, like a river or a muddy ground in real life, the length of the network should be multiplied by a fixed time. Furthermore, we can use GSP to make the networks very accurately.

The reason for making this project was with the intention to help the blind persons. A lot of people with vision problems don’t have the resources available to acquire equipment or programs that make it easier for them to use a computer to write, to communicate etc... Being aware of this problem we took the liberty of researching at a community center that helps the blind persons in Tijuana Baja California, Mexico. We found that they had a type writer (Perkins) with only 6 keys that symbolized Braille. They also had a normal keyboard that had the Braille code over each key, but it is complicated to learn because of its many keys. Due to our research our intention was to design a system that respect the Braille symbols of the Perkins type writer and translated them to the common alphabet. We believe that this project will help many people especially the blind, with writing books, letters, articles, etc. So they can be integrated to activities and jobs reserved, until now, for people with the sight sense. My project also has 8 keys, when the person press a key combination the PC emits the sound of the letter. And when a word is completed the PC reproduce the whole word on the speaker. When the entire paragraph is completed there is an option to reproduce it. It has also other functions as erase everything, back space, etc. All these with the 8 keys. To control the system I used the parallel port of a PC, with a control program made in Visual Basic. Currently there are systems for the blind but are very expensive, they have a cost of approximately $900.00 US dollars, which is a high price to pay for some people. My project has a cost of $70.00 US dollars thus making it easy for a person who has a computer to be able to buy this keyboard. This project is being use in the “Blind Persons Training Center” of Tijuana city. They helped us to develop it, giving some ideas to improve it.

通常使用隔熱材料可以降低熱量傳遞，而使用風扇、散熱片、熱導管等用來單向散熱。但如何在一個系統上同時滿足隔熱和雙向傳熱的需求呢？因此我研究設計了仿生智慧型熱控制系統，能隨環境改變而快速轉變成隔熱或轉變成雙向傳熱並控制熱傳遞的方向及大小，這可以應用在房屋、汽車、恆溫系統等。我先自製了自動傳熱量測系統，測試並找出好的隔熱和傳熱材料及構造。為了能快速控制熱的方向及大小，我又發展了第一代替換式、第二代熱柵式和第三代熱管式熱控制系統；經過多次實驗，利用低沸點有機溶劑和控制系統，我成功地完成仿生智慧型熱控制系統，讓熱隔絕或快速流進流出，比傳統的方法改進很多，也達到節約能源的目的。Insulation materials are usually used to reduce heat transfer rate, while fans, radiators and heat pipes are applied to increase heat transfer rate and bring heat away. But is it possible to have both functions of insulation and heat transfer together in a single system? This research is to design and develop an intelligent heat control system, with both function of insulation and function of transferring heat together. Besides, this system can control the direction and amount of heat transferred. Such a system can be applied in house walls, cars, thermostatic system, etc. I developed an automatic heat measurement system which was used to test the properties of heat transfer for different materials and structures. Three generations of intelligent bi-directional automatic heat control system were then developed to get fast heat transfer and function of heat control. They were phase 1 replacing-type system, phase 2 heat-grating system, and phase 3 heat-pipe system. After tens of experiments, I successfully control the amount and rate of heat transfer via low-boiling-point organic solutions and controller. The designed system is bi-directional, and is more innovative and efficient than conventional uni-directional heat control methods. Besides, this system also has huge contribution in reducing energy consumption.

這是一系列關於水蒸氣冷凝為極細微小水珠的長程實驗。其中可以分為下列三個階段：第一階段是基礎實驗。將水氣導入至潔淨的光滑表面上(蓋玻片)，觀察水珠冷凝的機制。第二階段是在外加磁場及電場作用下，將水氣導入至潔淨的光滑表面（蓋玻片），觀察水珠冷凝的機制。這部分的實驗推翻了一般「水分子是電中性，在電場或磁場中不受影響 」的刻板觀念！實驗所呈現出來的冷凝水珠，不但有明確的自我組成模式( Self assembly pattern)。並且發現：電場會增速凝結水珠的成長(Aggregation)，而磁場則會抑制凝結水珠的成長。第三階段是將水蒸氣導引至超聲波的環境中：我們先將超聲波訊號產生器(變頻、定頻)面向於載台旁，再讓水氣導入至潔淨的光滑表面上(蓋玻片)，觀察冷凝水珠的機制。當使用固定頻率超聲波波源，我們發現：在超聲波場中水珠的成長會受到抑制，且成長速率會隨著頻率的升高而逐漸減小。第一階段與第二階段的實驗結果與討論已分別發表於2004 年及2005 年的台灣國際科學展覽報告中，本作品將詳述第三階段。 This experiment explores the basic nature of the condensation of water vapor into droplets on the surfaces of cover glasses. This condensation occurs because of the difference in temperature between the water vapor and the cover glass. The condensation process is observed under a microscope. The growth of the droplets can be described as: nucleation, aggregation (piling up) and coalescence. The growth is irrelevant to surfaces or environments. It is found that the temperature difference of moist air over the cover glass do not affect the nucleation size of the droplets in simple plain surroundings; while the change of flow rate does. In general, the coalescence is speeded up at higher temperatures. Furthermore, the effects of electric fields 、magnetic fields and ultrasonic waves are also studied. It can be observed that the size of water droplets become smaller and grow more uniformly under magnetic fields or imposed ultrasonic waves; also, the aggregation rate is decreased by imposed magnetic fields or ultrasonic waves, and it is increased by imposed electric fields. These effects of magnetic fields 、electric fields and imposed ultrasonic waves might be related to the flow conditions and the vibration of surrounding air in the system. This experiment provides the first step in the understanding of the formation of water droplets and their self assembly mechanism in different environment.