通常使用隔熱材料可以降低熱量傳遞，而使用風扇、散熱片、熱導管等用來單向散熱。但如何在一個系統上同時滿足隔熱和雙向傳熱的需求呢？因此我研究設計了仿生智慧型熱控制系統，能隨環境改變而快速轉變成隔熱或轉變成雙向傳熱並控制熱傳遞的方向及大小，這可以應用在房屋、汽車、恆溫系統等。我先自製了自動傳熱量測系統，測試並找出好的隔熱和傳熱材料及構造。為了能快速控制熱的方向及大小，我又發展了第一代替換式、第二代熱柵式和第三代熱管式熱控制系統；經過多次實驗，利用低沸點有機溶劑和控制系統，我成功地完成仿生智慧型熱控制系統，讓熱隔絕或快速流進流出，比傳統的方法改進很多，也達到節約能源的目的。Insulation materials are usually used to reduce heat transfer rate, while fans, radiators and heat pipes are applied to increase heat transfer rate and bring heat away. But is it possible to have both functions of insulation and heat transfer together in a single system? This research is to design and develop an intelligent heat control system, with both function of insulation and function of transferring heat together. Besides, this system can control the direction and amount of heat transferred. Such a system can be applied in house walls, cars, thermostatic system, etc. I developed an automatic heat measurement system which was used to test the properties of heat transfer for different materials and structures. Three generations of intelligent bi-directional automatic heat control system were then developed to get fast heat transfer and function of heat control. They were phase 1 replacing-type system, phase 2 heat-grating system, and phase 3 heat-pipe system. After tens of experiments, I successfully control the amount and rate of heat transfer via low-boiling-point organic solutions and controller. The designed system is bi-directional, and is more innovative and efficient than conventional uni-directional heat control methods. Besides, this system also has huge contribution in reducing energy consumption.

a. Purpose of the Research Nowadays people are getting unhealthy, especially the heart. Since the outbreak of SARS, the Hong Kong citizens cared more about their health. In the past two decades, due to the technological advancement, many medical instruments that were used by doctors are now available to the public. One of the examples is the sphygmomanometer used for measuring blood pressure. On the other hand, very few heart monitoring devices are developed for public use. As a result, there is a need that such heart monitors should be available to the public. b. The device Our device is a modified stethoscope, which electronic components are added to this common medical instrument. The device mainly consists of 3 parts: 1. The sensor: modified from ordinary stethoscope, which a condenser microphone is added to change the heart sounds into electrical signals 2. The signal processor: integrated circuits and resistor-capacitor couples, which the cost is much lower than digital electronic components, are used to amplify and filter the noise in the electrical signals. The processor is divided into 3 stages: - Preamplifier: Amplifies the electrical signals converted from heart sounds - Low pass filter: Filters the noise in the signal. The cut-off frequency is 600Hz, which most of the heart sounds are below 600Hz. - Power amplifier: Amplifies the filtered signals before outputting into computers or earphones. 3. The output devices: it can be a computer or an earphone. In a computer, the heart sounds can be converted into graphs, enabling precise graphical analysis. Since many abnormal heart conditions will alter the heart sounds, with the aid of computers and graphs, people can know whether their hearts are normal or not, and can seek for medical support before developing any critical situation. Moreover, abnormal heart sounds are more significant in graphs, so any heart problems can be discovered more easily. c. Data During an exhibition in Hong Kong, about 1000 people tried the device. Among them approximately 150 people were confirmed to have heart problems with abnormal heart sounds. Using our device, we discovered 109 of them. As a result, the accuracy of the device is about 72.6% d. Conclusion With the low cost of our device (~€9.80/US$12.80), everyone would be able to afford it. As a result, people can check their conditions of their hearts more frequently, and would be able to discover any early heart problems.

令a,b,c，表 △ABC三邊的長，△表△ABC 之面積，若 a , b , c ． △ 皆為整數”則 △ ABC 稱為整數三角形，此 a , b , c 三數稱為Heronic triples · 當( a , b , c )=l 時，稱為 Primitive Heronic triPles ，如 3 , 4 , 5 （ △ ＝ 6 ) , 5 , 5 , 6 （ △ ＝ 12 ）皆是，大家所熟知的畢氏三數賞為 Heronic trlPles 的特例。由畢氏三數所形成之畢氏三角形即是有一角為直角的整數三角形（參考資料 l ,Vol.8 No.3 ( 1975 / 76 ) ）。般近 Mathenatlcal spectrum 發表了幾篇文章．皆是討論 Heronian triangles 最近發表的 John strange， ( Volumn 10,No.l ( 1977 / 78 ))曾提出一個待解決的問題 :「Given a natural numbern determine every Heroulan triangle whose area is n」筆者利用 I . B . M 計算機計算出 729 組整數三角形的數據（參考附表一） · 發覺每一個整數三角形的面積皆為 6 的倍數。

In the future, energy supply is the most serious problem to our society due to the shortage of fossil fuel. We should try to save energy as much as we can in different aspects in order to maintain the sustainable development of our society. According to the statistic report of electrical end uses 2008, showing that Space conditioning and Lighting shared 27% and 12% of the total electricity supply respectively. We design this “Free-Dome” to provide the individual users unique spaces for their work or entertainment where the lighting and temperature are easily and freely controllable. As a result, we may save lots of energy by reducing the lighting and space conditioning to the unnecessary area or public area.

在利用電腦螢幕來瀏覽圖形式資訊的時候，常常受限於螢幕的空間，沒有辦法在顯示\r 資訊整體結構的同時顯現細節部分的資料，目前的使用者介面所採用的方法有放大（zoom\r in）、捲動（scrolling）、開啟多個視窗（multiple view）等方法，這些方法雖然可以呈現出資\r 料的細節部分，但是仍有其個別的缺點存在，放大的方式會有遮蔽的情形；捲動的方式無\r 法同時地呈現整體結構；開啟多個視窗的方法使得使用者的眼睛必須在這些視窗間來回的\r 移動，造成麻煩。\r 魚眼鏡頭是一種短焦距、大視角的相機鏡頭，鏡頭成像的時候，越接近鏡頭中心的物\r 體會越放大而越遠的部分會越縮小，藉著發掘魚眼鏡頭的成像函數，我們發展出了一種新\r 的使用者介面，在瀏覽圖形式資訊的時候，能夠顯示整體的結構，並隨著滑鼠游標的移動，\r 以不開啟新視窗及無遮蔽的方式，即時地將想要觀察的部分局部放大以展現細部的資料，\r 這種使用者介面將具備現有方法的優點而無其缺點。\r Browsing the global structure of a large graph in limited screen space has the drawback that details\r are often too small to be seen. The most common solution provides a scrollable view. This shows full\r details at the region currently visible through the view, but hides the rest of the global structure.\r Alternatively, zooming into a part of the graph does show local details but misses the overall structure of\r the graph. The multiple views approach, one view of the entire graph and the other of a zoomed portion,\r has the advantage of seeing both local details and overall structure, but has the drawback that parts of the\r graph adjacent to the enlarged area are not visible at all in the enlarged views.\r A fisheye camera lens is a very wide angle lens that magnifies nearby objects while shrinking distant\r objects. It seems to be a tool for seeing local detail and global structure simultaneously. By means of\r exploring fisheye camera lens, we develop a user interface for browsing graphs using program analog of\r fisheye lens. Thus, our method seems to have all the advantages of the other approaches without suffering\r from any of the drawbacks.\r \r

Paralysis is a debilitating disorder that does not currently have safe and effective treatments. Implantable brain electrodes can be used to read brain waves and convert them into a corresponding motor function to restore movement in paralyzed patients. Tissue deformation induced around the implant site is believed to reduce their viability through the foreign body response. Developing electrodes that minimize deformation is challenging because the mechanical aspects of deformation are not fully understood and non-animal tissue models for testing electrodes are unavailable. Development of pre-clinical models for in vitro testing of the mechanical properties of electrodes can lead to a better understanding of this prevalent problem. The objective of this study was to construct a novel contrast-enhanced, brain mimicking hydrogel using photopolymerizable polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymer that contains alginate microspheres with enclosed gadolinium (Gd) contrast agent. 1.5% alginate microspheres were constructed with enclosed Gd-DTPA-BSA contrast agent and successively added into 10% PEG. Then, this mixture was photopolymerized using a 5 mW/cm2UV lamp to result in a successful brain mimicking hydrogel. Rheological testing showed that its elastic modulus was approximately 1.5 kPa, which is similar to that of a normal human brain. The model is valuable because the presence of the contrast agent in the hydrogel resulted in distinct bright spots on the MRI. This can facilitate the visualization of tissue deformation caused by electrode insertion via comparison of pre-insertion and post-insertion images. This brain-mimicking model has the potential to improve understanding of neural deformation from electrode implants in order to assist patients suffering from paralysis.

Arabidopsis thaliana bZIPs（AtbZIPs）是一群影響層面相當廣泛的轉錄因子，一半以上的 AtbZIPs 基因表現受到光的調控，且近九成的分子機制尚未明瞭，因此探討 AtbZIPs 在植物光調控機制中所扮演的角色將是個有趣的課題。AtbZIP16 與 AtbZIP17 皆被推測會參與光的調控機制，然而迄今少有文獻針對這二個轉錄因子進行更多的研究。因此，我們想藉由細菌單雜合系統（Bacterial one hybrid system）的方法，找出能與 AtbZIP16 與 AtbZIP17轉錄因子結合的 DNA 序列，以瞭解此二轉錄因子調節下游基因表現的分子機制，並探討其在光訊息傳導途徑中所扮演的角色。針對 AtbZIP16 與 AtbZIP17，本實驗分別找到了 7 與10 種可能的結合序列。首先，經由資料庫比對分析，我們發現其序列上帶有的 motifs 功能，主要參與在光調控、環境逆境反應機制、組織發育、賀爾蒙調節、病原菌防禦、鈣離子訊息傳遞等方面，其中又以光調控佔最大的比例。再者，藉由將 motifs 的功能繪製成文氏圖，並與 HY5 （AtbZIP56）做比較，結果顯示，這三個轉錄因子雖同屬於 AtbZIP family，據推測皆受到光的調控，可能參與某些相似的生理調節過程，但都各自具備不同的功能，影響植物體的發育。如此的差異，表示他們有實質上的不同，值得我們更深入的研究。整體而言，本實驗結果除了說明 AtbZIPs 的功能確實廣泛之外，也顯示AtbZIP16 與AtbZIP17 是執行光訊號傳導很重要的調控因子。Arabidopsis thaliana bZIPs (AtbZIPs) is a group of transcription factors affecting a wide range of responses in Arabidopsis. The expression of more than half of the AtbZIPs is regulated by light, and the molecular mechanism for roughly 90% of these AtbZIPs remains unknown. Therefore, the roles AtbZIPs play in Arabidopsis light signal transduction is an interesting topic to pursue. AtbZIP16 and AtbZIP17 have been suggested to participate in the regulation mechanism mediated by light. However, only limited studies for these two transcription factors have been previously performed. For this reason, we intended to determine the DNA-binding sequences for AtbZIP16 and AtbZIP17 via the bacterial one hybrid system to reveal their target binding sites in the promoter region of their downstream genes and to speculate their possible biological function especially in light signal transduction pathway. We have identified 7 and 10 possible recognition sequences for AtbZIP16 and AtbZIP17, respectively. Using motif-finding programs analyses, we found the motifs identified are mainly involved in light and stress signaling, tissue development, hormone regulation, pathogen defense and Ca2+ signaling. Among these regulation pathways, sequences involved in light regulation owns the highest proportion. Furthermore, a Venn diagram was generated to compare functions of genes regulated by AtbZIP16, AtbZIP17 and HY5. Results revealed that, although these three transcription factors all belong to the AtbZIP family and are predicted to be regulated by some similar physiological regulation process (e.g. light), they still possess distict biological functions in plant development. Further studies are thus required to put these transcription factors into their shared and unique biological context. Taken together, the results of this experiment not only indicated light is a key regulation factor for AtbZIP16 and AtbZIP17, but also showed the function of AtbZIPs could be diverse.

自古以來，幾何法求圓周率，由於太執著於把圓或角度做等分，都會面臨開根號與無理數的問題。本文第一階段，改以不對稱切割來避開無理數。先定義有理數r和角度θ的映射函數T，發展出另類分割圓周的簡易方法，讓圓的外切與內接多邊形邊長都呈現為≤1之最簡正有理數，並計算初步之 值。第二階段，則藉由外切與內接多邊形對圓面積的逼近探討，來導出一個大幅提高 值精確度的加權校正公式。第三階段，更是結合前兩階段之理論，進一步推演出計算簡易的 值逼近定理：π=4xΣr(k,t)/3(2+1/1+r2(k,t))與更嚴謹的π值夾擊定理：4xΣ(3r(k,n)/3+r2(k,n))

此研究是探討在目前全球因聖嬰現象後北極暖化，造成溫度持續在三十年內以每年上升攝氏零點五度，目前多數資料以顯示，對於地球內的生物生態產生了微妙的變化，在本文中將引述著名雜誌─科學人雜誌所刊登之關於全球暖化造成的生態環境影響；然而早在三億五千萬年前就已存在地球上的古老生物─蟑螂，順利的度過了多次的大滅絕，走過冥霜與煉獄。但是否會因為暖化作用而造成其生態影響呢？他又會不會成為少數存留並且大量繁殖的征服者呢？所以我們開始查詢白堊紀之資料，在研究、討論並製作改造完成實驗室氣溫控制冷熱溫差調節器，並從專業研究蟑螂生態的業界專業實驗室取得同一時期的實驗蟑螂物種，以期待本實驗更能具有更高的正確可信度；於特殊自行改造的觀察箱內進行整個實驗，已改變溫度並測量其進食狀況，瞭解蟑螂在溫度變化下的生態狀況。\r \r It’s easy to find the cockroach at any corner, such as school or house. They also hide in the refrigerator and stove.Thus,we are curious why they have durable vitality. This is the reason why we want to uncover the mysterious veil. According to data, we are curious about the environment of the cockroach and the temperature.Therefore,we want to imitate the situation of the ecosystem temperature at that time and inquire into its mystery. The purpose of Research is to make the violent changes, then discussing the meal which has attained its biggest existence rate. This uncontrolled experiment will influence the accuracy by factors.Therefore,we go to visit the laboratory personally and obtain some species of cockroach. Through the professional explanation and introductions, we make sure the direction of this experiment further. In this experiment we measure their appetite and the controls of the temperature everyday. They almost can crawl quickly along any material. We adopt the professional suggestion to measure with CO2 and O2.When the cockroach inhales CO2,we can observe the construction of the each part carefully. Through long-term observation, the food of the cockroach decreases, when the temperature rises to 20.6℃ or declines to 16.3℃,and it will stop moving when the temperature rises to 31.8℃ or declines to 8.7℃. When the temperature rises rapidly or reduce more than 15℃,the cockroach will look for shelter. Besides they easily get fainted when cockroach inhales CO2 without soil. The dinosaur were all buried underground, but why can the cockroach survive up to now? Probably, large land is their savior! Our conclusion is (1)The temperature that cockroach can exist from 49℃ to 3℃.(2)The suitable environment of cockroach growth is between 28.5℃ and 25℃.(3)The cockroach maintains their existence by eating under the low temperature 20℃ to 15 ℃.(4)Above 32℃ and under 7℃ the antenna is close to ground, its life is weaker.(5)The cockroach almost can live at any dilemma. But it can’t keep the prosperous life when it’s short of water.(6)From the above cockroach will be king of the world forever.

A novel technology for detection of trace concentration of ions at ppb level was developed. The detection limit of this method can be reached to 1ppb. The Wheatstone bridge usually be used for determination the concentration of metal ion, the major disadvantage of this technique is the precision too low. Atom absorption spectroscopy is better for monitoring trace metal ion, but the cost of instrument is too expensive. In this study, the oscilloscope was used to modify the Wheatstone bridge Circuit. The difference between the voltages of two connection points of Wheatstone bridge was used to estimate the concentration of ions. The amplification system was used in this method to improve the limit to detect ion from 10 ppm to 10ppb. The parameters of measurement including types of probe, match of Wheatstone bridge resistances, parameters of input signal and electrolysis in solution were also being studied. 本研究主要是發展一個富有創新且經濟的ppb ( parts per billion ; 10-9)級，微濃度金屬離子量策技術，目前本實驗設計已可以達到 ppb的偵測極限，尤其本方法不僅能夠應用於定量，尚可做定性偵測。簡易的溶液濃度技術常使用惠司通電橋的方法，但這個方法的缺點在於精確度較低，而另外常用的儀器是原子吸收光譜儀，卻價格高昂。因此，我們回頭對惠司通電橋的技術作改良和創新技術。首先，最重要的新技術是對示波器的改良。示波器被用來量測惠司通電橋的電位，我們比較電橋上兩特定點的電位來判斷濃度，當兩個點的電位相同時代表溶液電阻和控制電阻相同。但當輸入信號的電壓太強時，示波器上並無法判別細微的電位變化，因此造成量測的精度不高。本組設計新的電路用以放大在高強度訊號的波形細微變化，成功將測量極限由 10 ppm推進到 ppb。另外關於此設計中的各種參數，包括探針類型、惠司通電路的電阻匹配、輸入訊號之強度頻率、電極間電容效應及溶液中可能發生的電解效應等，都有精確的探討。最後的設計結果將是創新且有別於以往的設計概念。

本研究主要針對棕色扁琉璃蟻的生殖型蟻以及其生殖行為進行探討。在生殖季節中，處女蟻后出現的比例明顯高於有翅型雄蟻。而蟻后的死亡率高，且其所產下的卵有27%為畸型卵，具有生殖衰退(reproductive decline)的現象。此外，部分棕色扁琉璃蟻聚落中，蟻后會被工蟻逐出巢外並進行搬運屍體、搬運廢棄物及覓食等職蟻的行為。 有別於大多數的蟻種，棕色扁琉璃蟻存在著工蟻型雄蟻(Ergatoid male)和具有生殖能力的工蟻。工蟻型雄蟻的外型與氣味皆與一般工蟻相似，羽化後即具有生殖能力，可與聚落中多隻生殖型工蟻行多次交配(multiple mating)；而可生殖的工蟻又包含三種中間階級(intercaste)，於體長、複眼數目、胸線皆有所差異，微卵管數目則可依階級分為4至6條、12至14條、18至22條三種範圍。 棕色扁琉璃蟻的繁衍方式是多樣且複雜的：聚落中主要由生殖型工蟻進行有性生殖及孤雌產雌，繁殖出蟻后、工蟻和二種型態的雄蟻。而蟻后則可與有翅型雄蟻交配，但只產出一般工蟻及生殖型工蟻。 本研究首次提出了棕色扁琉璃蟻具有工蟻型雄蟻，而對這種具有複雜生殖方式的社會結構之探討，也為聚落發展的方式提供了一個新的研究方向

The objectives of this investigation were to evaluate the growth conditions and the antioxidant activities of fermented black bean soy milk(BBSM) with Bifidobacterium longum B6 and 15708 cultured in four media, namely, ( BBSM ( 100%)+ 1% glucose ), ( BBSM (100%)), ( BBSM (50%) + milk (50%)), (milk (100%)) . These results indicated that; (1) both strains attained viable cell numbers about 7.19~9.53 log CFU/ml after 18 hrs of incubation and were in the order of ( milk (100%))＞( BBSM (50%) + milk (50%))＞ ( BBSM (100%) + 1% glucose)＞( BBSM (100%)), (2) both strains in ( BBSM (100%)) exhibited higher pH value ranging from 4.79 to 5.50 , but lower titratable acidity(%) ranging from 0.27% to 0.61% than the three other media after 48h of fermentation, (3) both strains displayed an even smaller tolerance to simulated gastric juice at pH = 2.0 for 3h, especially in ( BBSM(100%)), while in simulated gastric juice at pH =3.0 for 3h had higher tolerance , (4) both strains had high resistance ranging from 72.51% to 92.62% to 0.3% bile solution for 12h, (5) the reducing power of ( BBSM (100%)) was more excellent than that of ( milk (100%)), (6) the scavenging effect of yogurt (BBSM ( 100%) + 1% glucose) on DPPH radicals was significantly higher than that of ( milk (100%)), (7) In general, at ten- fold dilution the chelating effect on copper ions of these four un-fermented media except ( milk (100%)) was significantly higher than that of fermented media with B.longum B6 or 15708. 本研究是探討雙叉桿菌(Bifidobacterium longum B6及15708)在四種發酵基質(【黑豆奶(100%)+1%葡萄糖】、【黑豆奶(100%)】、【黑豆奶(50%)+牛奶(50%)】、【牛奶(100%)】)中的生長情形及抗氧化活性。結果顯示： (一) 兩株菌在四種培養基中的生長菌數大小順序如下：【牛奶(100%)】＞【黑豆奶(50%)+牛奶(50%)】＞【黑豆奶(100%)+1%葡萄糖】＞【黑豆奶(100%)】。 (二) 兩株菌在【黑豆奶(100%)】的pH值比較高於其他三種優酪乳，而最終發酵可滴定酸度比較低於其他三種優酪乳。(三) 兩株菌於pH2.0環境下，在【黑豆奶(100%)】優酪乳中耐酸性很低，而於pH3.0環境下卻有很高的耐酸性。(四) 兩株菌對0.3%膽鹽之耐受性均很高為72.52%~92.62%。(五) 在稀釋10倍的四種基質中，不論發酵前或發酵後的還原力皆以【黑豆奶(100%)】為最高，【牛奶(100%)】為最低。(六) 在濃度稀釋10倍時，【黑豆奶(100%)+1%葡萄糖】對DPPH‧自由基清除率明顯比【牛奶(100%)】高。(七) 在濃度稀釋10倍的四種優酪乳中，除【牛奶(100%)】外，發酵後比未發酵的銅離子螯合率明顯降低。