茶由於其具有特殊的芳香氣味及口味，廣泛地被世人用為飲料，近年來的研究證據顯示茶具有促進身體健康和防癌功效，但茶中之成分，尤其兒茶素隨茶及茶沖泡方式而有所不同，因此對於茶中成分及沖泡方式的認知是一門重要的課題。 本實驗主要是探討茶沖泡方式及儲藏條件，對於茶液中成分變化的影響，探討的茶包含紅茶、烏龍茶、綠茶及其茶包。並使用質譜儀及高效能液相層析儀配備紫外光偵測器分析茶液中之成分，實驗結果顯示加蓋子的茶杯儲存茶時比沒蓋子的要好；成分變化速率又以未發酵的綠茶較發酵的紅茶和烏龍茶快；低溫儲存時，亦可延緩茶的成分變化，例如加蓋並存放於冰箱，茶甚至可置放至隔夜其成分均不會改變；尤其本實驗尚發現照光與否影響茶液成分變化甚鉅。;Tea is the most widely accepted and consumed beverage worldwide due to its characteristic aroma and taste. Recent studies have provided the strong scientific basis for understanding the health promoting effects and cancer preventive actions of tea. The components of tea especial the catechins are varied with the conditions of making tea. To understand and determine the chemical composition of tea is very important. Some investigations of the parameters on the storage and making of tea were carried on in this study. The kinds of tea studied were including black tea, oolong tea, green tea, and instant tea bags. A high performance liquid chromatograph combined with UV detector was used to analyze the components of tea. The results showed that the composition of tea solution is dependant of the exposure of light. The tea kept in cup with cover was better than that without cover. The ingredients in green tea were changed faster than those in fermentative black tea and oolong tea. The components of tea can be kept unchanged for a long time at low temperature. In refrigerator, the time can be extended to overnight.

It is used by practically everyone that has vehicle. The device checks your spare wheel and wams you when it is going flat.

Hadley has create a system that enables you to see in the dark, night?vision goggles. The military version usually retail for thousands of dollars, but Hadley’s solution costs considerably less. And they really work! He has even attached close?fit rubber swimming fittings to the eyepieces to ensure you can’t see a thing without the help of the electronics. The key feature of this project is the way Hadley has used his imagination to access and modify existing technology and explore ways of ‘hacking’ these device to obtain useful component system that he can integrate to make a fully functioning product. In doing this he has encountered many unsuitable combinations, but has persisted to reach an extraordinarily effective endpoint. The whole process, which has taken over a year from initial idea to result is a demonstration of tenacity and ingenuity.

During an expedition to the White Sea Winter Coast, samples of schlich with numerous garnets were collected. The coast itself is primarily a set of high steeps of sandstones and mudstones with no garnets. On the beach, however, there are numerous pebbles of metamorphic rocks, and many of them contain garnets. They were brought there by the Quaternary glacier and the present day glacier activity. Their source could be the existing or fully eroded metamorphic rocks of the Kola Penninsila and Northern Karelia.\r Goal of the research: To discover the possible origin of the garnets.\r Tasks: 1) To analyze the structure and the chemical composition of the garnets. 2) To study the works on the garnets of the Kola Penninsila and Northern Karelia in order to compare the information to the results of the analysis.\r Methods: 1) Granulometric analysis; 2) Magnetic and electromagnetic separation; 3) Microscope study of the garnets; 4) X-ray diffraction analysis; 5) X-ray fluorescence analysis. \r RESULTS\r 1. The sample garnets could be divided into two types: the bright red and the pale pink.\r 2. Both types are almandines with spessartine components. The pale-pink one contains Arizona ruby components, and the bright red contains andradite ones. \r 3. Only a few samples from Khangaz Varaki, Malye Keivy, and Tersky Coast are similar to the garnets that we collected. It is possible that the glacier brought them from the Kola Penninsula, but it is also possible that the rocks, where the glacier brought our garnets from, have been totally eroded.

Purpose: Many girls in South Africa miss school due to insufficient resources during menstruation. Although menstrual cups are cheaper and more environmentally friendly than pads or tampons, they are not widely known or used. This project investigates the awareness of the menstrual cup and barriers to using it among schoolgirls. Method: Girls in grades 8 and 11 at a local school were asked to complete a questionnaire before and after watching a video about the menstrual cup. Results: The results showed that 54% of younger girls and 92% of older girls had heard of the cup but in each group only 1 girl had used it. About 11% of younger girls and 40% of older girls would consider using the cup. Watching the video had both positive and negative effects on the girls’ opinions about using the cup. Conclusion: There are several barriers to using the menstrual cup among school girls. Overcoming these barriers requires more than just dissemination of factual information about the cup. Workshops with small group discussions would more than likely lead to more girls choosing the cup.

This scientific research project “Tharn Din - Alternative Energy Source of the Future” is directed toward producing a new type of soil charcoal. Tharn Din, with excellent combustibility. The experiments were divided into six steps. First, we selected soils of exceptional adhesion property Next, we looked into many different combustible materials for soil admixtures. Many different formulas of soils and admixtures were tested. The most promising formulas were then optimized for maximum combustibility. After which, the best formula was chosen and we further optimized its combustibility. Combustion and ignition rate and characteristics of this formula were investigated. And lastly the effect of surface area on combustible rate was examined. It was found that mud was the best adhesive and wood chip was the best admixture. Tharn Din made of one part of mud and 3 parts of wood chips released higher thermal energy than normal charcoals. We found that a special type of Thai soil, Din See-eaw, when mixed with wood chips created Tharn Din of exceptional combustibi1it Ignition and combustible rates are proportional to the surface area of Tharn Din.

本研究主要針對棕色扁琉璃蟻的生殖型蟻以及其生殖行為進行探討。在生殖季節中，處女蟻后出現的比例明顯高於有翅型雄蟻。而蟻后的死亡率高，且其所產下的卵有27%為畸型卵，具有生殖衰退(reproductive decline)的現象。此外，部分棕色扁琉璃蟻聚落中，蟻后會被工蟻逐出巢外並進行搬運屍體、搬運廢棄物及覓食等職蟻的行為。 有別於大多數的蟻種，棕色扁琉璃蟻存在著工蟻型雄蟻(Ergatoid male)和具有生殖能力的工蟻。工蟻型雄蟻的外型與氣味皆與一般工蟻相似，羽化後即具有生殖能力，可與聚落中多隻生殖型工蟻行多次交配(multiple mating)；而可生殖的工蟻又包含三種中間階級(intercaste)，於體長、複眼數目、胸線皆有所差異，微卵管數目則可依階級分為4至6條、12至14條、18至22條三種範圍。 棕色扁琉璃蟻的繁衍方式是多樣且複雜的：聚落中主要由生殖型工蟻進行有性生殖及孤雌產雌，繁殖出蟻后、工蟻和二種型態的雄蟻。而蟻后則可與有翅型雄蟻交配，但只產出一般工蟻及生殖型工蟻。 本研究首次提出了棕色扁琉璃蟻具有工蟻型雄蟻，而對這種具有複雜生殖方式的社會結構之探討，也為聚落發展的方式提供了一個新的研究方向

Miracles in life originate from daily life itself. What can be imagined can really be achieved. Hong Kong, as an international city, is small in area and densely populated. To utilize space, tall buildings inevitably emerge. Taking elevators has therefore become the daily routine of everyone of us. However, problems abound with the present elevator system. You have probably gone through the dreadful episode of waiting long for an elevator to come, and passage being interrupted by unreasonably frequent stops. Besides, it wastes space, since each elevator tube can only accommodate one elevator. This is why our Free-D Elevator System will revolutionize the present one. It consists of a large cylindrical tube, which can be divided into several smaller, imaginary sector-shaped tubes. In each small tube a large number of elevators move vertically by magnetic levitation. The elevators can also rotate from one tube to another, thereby avoiding collision. This innovative design will substantially increase the number of available elevators for given space. Most importantly, it is highly feasible.

利用化學合成法合成出聚苯胺及MEH-PPV，經過一連串的製程作出高分子\r 發光二極體（PLED），再用I-V 儀量測。實驗中以聚苯胺及MEH-PPV 的薄膜厚\r 度為變因，進行實驗。設定I-V 的電壓值為10V，量測樣品通路上的電流。一開\r 始電壓在跑時，量到的電流都為0A，所得到的圖形為一水平直線；當電壓到達\r 一個值時會向上爬升，但爬到一個階段後圖形呈現鉛直掉落至電流為0A，圖形\r 又恢復成水平直線。過程中看到了薄膜厚度對樣品確實有影響，又鋁電極的厚度\r 不能承受過大的電壓，電壓一大，樣品馬上就燒壞了。\r Abstract：\r Using Chemiccal polymerize PANI and MEH-PPV make through a series\r Polymer light emitting diode（PLED）Produce.then using I-V meter surveies. PANI\r and MEH-PPV change of thick proces.Experiment design I-V volt for meter\r conduction of current of sample .The voltage moving.First meter current is obtaining\r the figure is horizontal when voltage increase to a special value , but increase a while ,\r the current will fall down to zero volt. Figure will go to horizontal that sample will\r change .Thick is different,and aluminum cathode can not suffer too much\r voltage .otherwise will burn.

It is used by pigeon owners, farmers and squatters. The machine peels thesunflower seeds and leaves them separate from each other. The seeds can be used for pigeons,birds and making of flour. The shells of the seeds can be used as compost and ferilizer. This is an eco-friendly system.

筆者利用自製的幾丁質與不同金屬的混合溶液而燒結出的奈米顆粒成效極佳，不但粒徑大小符合，在燒結的過程中也不需經過物理研磨及介面活性劑的輔助，並且在低溫下即可燒結，可以增加實用性以及商業價值。此外，在分解亞甲藍方面也有不錯的效率，並進一步從金屬氧化物之奈米膠體混合溶液比例的不同，決定其粗糙度（以AFM測定）及能隙改變，在陽光下有更高的應用效率。而在實驗的延伸研究上，希望應用在防菌、除污、甚至光電池。 We make use of self-made chitin with the mixed solutions of different metals to solder nano particles, and the result is excellent. The particle radius not only matches up to the size, but in the process of soldering nano particles, it doesn’t need any physical pulverizing or surfactant assistance. Also, it can solder in low temperature. And we could raise its practicality and the business value. What’s more, there is a good efficiency in decomposing Methylene Blue. We can further decide the roughness (measured with AFM) and the variation of the band gap from nano colloid of different metal oxide mixed ratios.Our experiment in the extending research aims to apply it to the defense of bacteria and pollution, and even photoelectric cell.

In order to facilitate a paradigm shift from traditional high volume chemical experiments to an environmentally friendly microdose experiment; I had to innovate and overcome a lot of difficulties. After six generations of experiment design I successfully reduced the volume of the combined reactants to a single drop. I utilized many recycled components to build my apparatus including a vintage computer, a simple CD disk, optical sensors and a transistor from a common computer mouse. By using a CCD monitor with an external camera feed, the single drop chemical reaction can be observed in real time and a recording of the event can be made. I chose the focus of the experiment to be the reaction of sodium thiosulfate and hydrochloric acid to create a colloidal solution of sulfonium nanoparticles. By employing a custom-made transparency target to achieve a higher precision of measurement I have also conducted deeper research into the reaction order and the rate constants. 為了將傳統高劑量的化學實驗順利的推向顯微液滴的化學實驗上，今年我們更是創新突破了很多困難的關卡。 儀器設計由第一代減量研究到第六代的減量設計，目前已能成功的運用報廢的光碟片、報廢的電腦、報廢滑鼠內的感光二極體元件及電晶體來自製設計出兩反應物各一滴溶液做自動偵測反應的記錄。透過顯微鏡加裝的CCD電子螢幕目視觀看、拍成電子影片檔由電腦播放的目標。 因此，我選定了硫代硫酸鈉溶液和鹽酸溶液反應可產生硫奈米微粒的膠態溶液作為實驗的主軸及設計可較精確定量的投影片載液面，我們也企圖對其反應速率式的級數及反應速率常數做更深入的探討。