在「植物的秘密生命」這本書中提到植物在電場或磁場中會生長的更好，我最近正好學到了電磁場如何產生，以及一些產生電磁場的方法，所以本研究即利用螺形管線圈來產生均勻的電磁場，並用運用安培右手定則來控制磁場產生的方向，來探討電磁場在不同條件下對實驗植物－綠豆生長的影響。本實驗使用銅質線圈纏繞鐵碗的方式，且通入不同大小電流來改變磁場的強度，以探討對實驗植物－綠豆生長的影響。本研究所得到的結果顯示：(1)綠豆在通入電流50mA 時所產生的電磁場可促使綠豆達到最好的生長效果；(2)栽培綠豆環境中所架設的電磁場較高，可使綠豆表現出較為明顯的生長速率；(3)促進綠豆的生長並不需要二十四小時都通入電流；(4)綠豆在N 極朝上的電磁場中生長的速率較S 極朝上的磁場中要快；(5)在較低溫度環境中，電磁場促進綠豆生長的效應較為顯著。;It has been mentioned that the plants will grow faster in the electronic or magnetic field in the book of “the secret life of plants”, I learned about the knowledge and methods of how to produce the electromagnetic field just now, I use the screw wire to produce electromagnetic field and control the direction by the Amplifier’s rule to investigate the growing speed of green beans under electromagnetic field in those different temperature. In this experiment, I use the wire to screwed around the ironed bowl, and make different electric current to generate different strength of electromagnetic field, the results indicate that (1) The faster growing speed will only exist in some strength of electromagnetic field, (2) The higher ironed bowls that full of screwed wire will result in the faster growing speed, (3) It will not need electromagnetic field all days, (4) The green beans will grow fast in those north magnetic pole than those in south magnetic pole, (5)The effect of electromagnetic field to increase growing speed will be significant in higher room temperature.

It is extremely costly to care for elderly people who have suffered a serious fall. Thus, doctors welcome a device or method to identify people prone to falling, to reduce elderly health costs and enable those identified as “fallers” to take precautions. Recently, a Sound Wave Assessment (SWA) device was developed to determine if tested human subjects were prone to falling. It is based on the concept that all humans exhibit postural sway while standing stationarily. The device employs two sonar transducers, which emit and receive ultrasonic pulse signals. The first transducer is positioned on a tripod, while the second is attached to the lower back of the human subject. Each transducer emits ultrasonic modulation pulses, which are detected by the other transducer. The distance between the two transducers is calculated from the time taken for the pulses to travel from the sender to the receiver. Hence, we can measure the small displacement fluctuations of the standing human subject, both approaching and receding from a static transducer, as a function of time.

本實驗主要是研究閉管駐波的發聲原理。何謂「閉管駐波」？就是一個管子在相同長度下，用不同的力道吹，會有不同音高的聲音產生，這些音被稱為「諧音」。原管長所能發出的最低頻率稱作「第一諧音」，第二低的聲音稱作「第三諧音」，依此類推。在簫的演奏上，只要按住同樣的孔，用較大的力量吹，也同樣會發出較高的音；同樣地，在曲笛的演奏技巧上，有平吹、急吹等分別。為什麼吹越用力，音就越高呢？如果現在拿一個大吸管吹（要裝活塞），你會發現，只有在特定的位置（角度）下，才能吹出聲音。那麼，角度對於聲音也有影囉？這些現象的幕後黑手，就是在管口產生的「渦流」，渦流頻率也會隨著風速而增加；而且，渦流的頻率在特定風速下，會有特定的範圍。經由實驗可以大略歸納出，影響閉管駐波的三個主要變因，分別是「風速」、「風吹角度」、及「吹口至管口的距離」。吹得越急，風速就越快，渦流頻率越高，越易使諧音躍遷；吹的角度越小，越易產生渦流，亦易引發聲音；吹的距離越小，渦流越不?定，越易產生其他的擾動。以上就是本實驗的概略。This project is aimed to fine out how the closed tube can produce a sound. We know what harmonics are. When we hold a big straw and blow with increasing strength (the bottom should be in water), it will generate a higher sound. The high sound is called “harmonic”. The lowest sound it can make is “the first harmonic”, the second lowest sound is “the third harmonic”, and so forth. Likewise, when we press the same key on vertical bamboo flute with increasing strength, it’ll also produce a higher sound. But why do we use the strong air stream to blow the tube to cause the tone to transfer? Now let’s blow a straw flute. You will find that you need to blow in the particular position, and then the sound will be produced. So, is there any relationship between the blowing angle and the frequency? Actually, all these sound are produced by “vortex in the mouthpiece.” The frequency of vortex will increase with the wind speed. Moreover, the frequency of vortex has a range. In sum, the higher the wind speed is , the higher the frequency of the vortex is , and leads to the higher frequency of the sound. The smaller the blowing angle is, the easier the vortex will be produced; the easier the frequency will be made. The smaller the distance between the blowing angle and the frequency is, the more unstable the frequency will be. The above is the most important research in this project.

Successful calving is measured by the safe delivery of a healthy calf. Any factors that\r cause dystocia (difficult calving) are undesirable; as it will result in weak or dead calves, stress\r dams and a decrease in profit to the rancher. The most often identified reason for dystocia are\r calves that are too large at birth. Ranchers frequently use sires that will result in calves with\r small birth weights that will be born easy. This is especially true when breeding first calving\r heifers. The selection for small calves at birth results not only in less growth in the uterus but\r also less growth after birth, which means less beef to sell. This means ranchers try to balance\r reasonable growth and reasonable calf size when selecting their sires. Much data has been\r published on birth weight and its selection.

本研究主要是探討翼端小翼對飛機飛行的影響，翼端小翼在現在不少的飛機上都有這種設計，假設小翼可以阻止飛機機翼末端的氣流上旋，進而增加升力與推力，讓飛機能提高飛行時的效率，為了驗證這個假設，因此製作了簡易風洞對小翼的升力與阻力進行定性和定量的探討。升力與阻力的定性定量探討是經由10 組主機翼與五個小翼組合，共有2000 次的測試記錄，再轉化成折線圖予以比較研究，而得到一個穩定性數值結果。這測試實驗的數值結果顯示：小翼可以增加升力，但是也會增加阻力，為了降低阻力，小翼的剖面最好是有弧度。The purpose of this research is to find out the effect resulted from the winglet of the plane to the flight. Many a winglet is nowadays designed for the airplane. Assumes the winglet can stop the air of the tail section of the airplane to revolve up, further increase the force of the raise and the push, and uplift the efficiency of the flight. In order to proof this assumption is correct, so makes an easy air hole to do the research of qualitative and quantitative analysis for the force of the raise and resistance. After about 2000 records tested through the combination of ten sets of the main wing and five tiny wings, and transference of curve diagram , we get a steadily value result. This test result appear the first the winglet can increase the force of the raise, and so do the resistance, and the second to have the force of the resistance decreased, it might be better the section of the winglet is not straight but circular.

自組薄膜(SAMs, self-assembled monolayers)乃是具有特定官能基的化合物在不需外力作用 下自動吸附到基質表面上而自行排列成有自序規則之結構。SAMs技術因製備容易且穩定，在 應用上深具潛力。目前此方法中，以硫醇接在Au上的研究最為廣泛。本作品希望藉著SAMs 方法將硫醇分子吸附於鐵片或其他金屬表面上，以達成防鏽與抗酸目的。我們分別透過接觸 角量測研究正十二硫醇在鐵片上形成分子薄膜的可能性；利用酸與金屬產生氣體的速率研究 分子薄膜抗酸蝕的情況；測試分子薄膜的耐熱性；根據鐵片生銹時pH值變化、重量變化與[Fe2+] 含量差異來探究分子薄膜能否防鏽；最後找出適合形成分子薄膜的濃度與溫度效應。由實驗 結果我們發現SAMs薄膜確實能吸附於鐵(及鎳、銅、鋅等金屬)的表面上並增加抗酸與防鏽蝕 能力，薄膜對熱的穩定性極佳，35℃時結合效果較佳，而濃度的提高有助於SAMs的效用。 Self-assembled monolayers(SAMs) are elements which have specific functions.SAMs,ordered molecular aggregates can automatically adhere to the surface of substrate without any force.The applcation of SAMs’technique has high potential not only because ther are easy to make but also because they are stable.Exposing molecules such as alkyl thiols to an Au(0) surface is now in widespread use. In this work,we apply the thiols chemisorb onto the Fe or other metal surface to make it rust-resistant and acid-resistant.We study the following issues to find the appropriate conditions of forming monolayers in varying concentration and temperture: I. The possibility of forming n-dodecanthiol molecular monolayers on Fe surface by measuring the contact angles. II. The ability of antiacid corrodibility by comparing the rates of producing gas from acid and metal. III. The heat-resistant of molecular monolayers. IV. Whether it’s antirust by detecting the changes of pH,weight,and the concentrations of Fe2+ during the iron rust. According to the results,we conclude SAMs do adhere to the surface of Fe(and other matal like Ni,Cu,Zn), which increases the ability of antiacid and antirust.Besides they are stable to heat, have good combining effect at 35℃, and it is beneficial to the effect of SAMs through raising their concentration.

前人研究顯示結網性蜘蛛會因環境中獵物組成的改變而改變其網結構。然而，除了結構之外，構成網的絲的物理性質與蜘蛛網的捕捉效率也應有密切之關連，但目前並無人探討蜘蛛是否會因獵物而調整絲之化學及物理性質。在本研究中，我以人面蜘蛛為材料，探討：(一)其在面對不同類型之獵物時是否調整其網之結構，絲之胺基酸組成和其物理性質；(二)所產生之改變是否能促進不同類型獵物的捕食效率；以及(三)是獵物之養份或振動刺激引起這些改變。我藉著操控獵物的養份及振動刺激將人面蜘蛛分成四個處理組，分別餵以活蟋蟀(C 組)，活蒼蠅(F 組)，死蟋蟀加蒼蠅振動刺激(Cd 組)及死蒼蠅加蟋蟀振動刺激(Fd 組)。在完成食控處理後比較各組間之網結構、絲胺基酸組成、絲物理性質、對不同獵物之留置能力以及振動訊號傳遞能力。實驗結果顯示F 組之蜘蛛所結之網有較大的面積及較小的網目，並有較佳之蒼蠅留置力；然而此結構之改變卻會降低其振動訊號傳遞率。C 組之蜘蛛所結之網有較強之張力及較佳之蟋蟀留置力，而且其所產之曳絲有較高比例之alanine、glycine 及glutamine 並較佳之延伸度及韌度，以因應體型較大之獵物。上述結果顯示人面蜘蛛能調整網的結構、絲的蛋白質組成及物理性質來更有效率的捕捉不同類型的獵物。而由於上述各樣變數在C 及F 組間有顯著差異，而在獵物養份與振動訊號錯置的Cd 與Fd 組間無顯著差異，顯示此二項刺激需同時存在才能使人面蜘蛛在面對不同類型獵物時產生結網行為及絲基因表現之改變。Previous studies showed that orb-weaving spiders may adjust web structures when encountering different types of prey. In addition to web structures, silk physical properties should also be critical in affecting the prey catching efficiency of webs. However, so far no one has studied whether spiders adjust silk chemical and physical properties when encountering different types of prey. In this study, I used the giant wood spider Nephila pilipes to investigate (1) would N. pilipes adjust web structures, silk amino acid composition and silk physical properties when encountering different types of prey (2) would such changes enhance the catching efficiency of different prey and (3) were such changes generated by prey chemical composition or vibration signals? To answer these questions, I manipulated prey chemical composition and vibration signals by assigning N. pilipes into the following four feeding groups: (1) living crickets (group C), (2) living flies (group F), (3) dead cricket but with fly vibration signals (group Cd) and (4) dead flies but with cricket vibration signals (group Fd). After the feeding treatments were completed the following variables were compared between the feeding groups: web structures, silk amino acid composition, silk physical properties, retention time of different prey and vibration signal transmission rate of webs. The results showed that the webs built by spiders fed with living flies exhibited larger area, smaller mesh and longer fly retention time. However, such structural changes also reduced the vibration signal transmission ability of the web. On the other hand, webs built by spiders fed with living crickets were stiffer and retained crickets longer. Moreover, their silks exhibited higher percentages of alanine, glycine, glutamine and consequently higher elasticity and strength to cope with the larger prey. These results demonstrated that spiders can adjust web structures, silk protein composition and silk physical properties to enhance the catching efficiency of different prey. While the aforementioned variables differed significantly between spiders in C and F groups, they did not vary between spiders in Cd and Fd groups, in which groups the prey chemical composition and vibration signals were decoupled. Such result suggested that prey chemical composition and vibration signal were both needed in generating changes in web building behavior and silk gene expression in spiders.

本研究的目的在於探討螺旋狀剝皮對植物生存以及芭樂果實的影響。實驗的設計是將選擇的植株或其枝幹分成四組，分別施予環狀剝皮、螺旋狀剝皮一圈、螺旋狀剝皮三圈及不剝皮等處理。 研究結果顯示，螺旋狀剝皮不會導致植株死亡，且於處理部位下方會長出新的枝葉。芭樂果實經100 天的生長之後，不剝皮處理之枝幹長出的芭樂重量都在 300g 以下，而螺旋狀剝皮一圈之枝幹長出的芭樂有重達300-400g(5%)及 400-500g(5%)，最重的達 490g；螺旋狀剝皮三圈之枝幹長出的芭樂也有重達 300-400g(占 7.7%)。此外，與不剝皮處理者比較之，螺旋狀剝皮也有助於高甜度芭樂比例的提升。 本研究成果若能成功應用在其他果樹上，有助於提高果農產收的經濟價值。 The purpose of our study is to examine spiral bark-stripping’s effects on trees, and observe what will happen with this treatment, especially in the survival of trees and fruit of Guava. The experimental design is as below. First, we divided tree samples or branches into 4 groups randomly, and then treated each group differently with girdling, spiral bark-stripping a circle, spiral bark-stripping 3 circles, or non-stripping on the trunks or branches. As a result, spiral bark-stripping did not cause death of trees. Instead, new green leaves grew below treated area. After 100 days of growth, the fruit of Guava treated with non-stripping weighed below 300 grams, while some fruit weighing above 300-400 grams(5%) and 400-500 grams(5%) grew on those trees treated with spiral bark-stripping a circle, with the heaviest of 490 grams. Besides, there are some fruit weighing 300-400 grams(7.7%) growing on those trees treated with piral bark-stripping 3 circles. The result shows that spiral bark-stripping, compared to non-stripping, promoted the proportion of high-sugar fruit. This study provides a possible way to increase the economic value of fruit harvest if applied to other kinds of fruit trees.

One afternoon, a photography enthusiast, Mr. Cheung was holding some photos, completely absorbed in the fond (but ancient) memories of his honeymoon in Cairo. The badly-yellowed photo prints reminded him of every sweet and romantic moment of the “good old days”. He was soon rudely awakened when Mrs. Cheung shouted, “Honey dear! I was told that high-tech is ‘in’, and the single-lens reflex camera is totally out! So stop hugging the old out-dated pictures.” Mr. Cheung fired back, “Oh, you know nothing. This is something you cannot replace at all, and my camera is a classic.” Smiling at him, Mrs. Cheung took out a new gadget, “Right, right, now calm down. It never hurts to have both worlds. Look what I’ve got you. This is called ‘Stereoscopic Camera Lens’. Its little coloured spectacles can capture everything, say, the sensational Great Pyramid, in three dimensions!” As we are asking for and relying more on technological advances, the Stereoscopic Camera lens and the Stereoscopic Magic Box are surely innovations that promise to add a new dimension to our lives. Surprisingly, the working of these two gadgets involve only some simple scientific theories such as polarization, doping and anaglyph; and employs the special property of Liquid Crystal Layer (LCD) under electric current. Stereoscopic photos can now be easily available to us. Both of our designs, the Stereoscopic Camera Lens and the Stereoscopic Magic Box, can turn something ordinary into extraordinary by making plain, 2-dimensional things ‘stand out’ before your eyes. The Lens itself is crafted with such precision that it can capture any image both faithfully and flawlessly. The Magic Box uses electric current to catalyze and enhance the 3-dimensional transformation. So each picture is vibrant and true-to-life. The Lens and the Magic Box will certainly revolutionize our vision of things around us. To enable you to have a good understanding of the theories behind the making of the Stereoscopic Camera Lens and the Stereoscopic Magic Box, we have made simple models of them with prisms, and they are in display at our booth. Anyone who is interested in these fancy gadgets should definitely come to our booth to experience a new view of the world!

These days we hardly see fireflies, the Milky way, and rainbow. What’s the reason of that?\r We think the reason is related to air pollution but the concrete reason is unknown to us. Thus the purpose of this research is to see the relation between air pollution and rainbow with Aerosol. In this research we approached in some ways about why rainbow didn't appear in polluted atmosphere.

目前市面上缺乏簡單而精準的過氧化氫檢測法，我們參考Fenton Reaction 中，鐵離子對過氧化氫分解的催化模式，利用鐵、鈷、鎳、錳、鋅分子篩，測試他們催化過氧化氫分解反應的效率，從成本、毒性、活化能的多方考量下，選擇以分子篩來固定金屬催化離子，作為我們後續實驗的研究主軸。實驗的初步，我們選擇過氧化氫作為自由基，並著重於過氧化氫的分解反應。利用濃差電池的原理，設計出一套濃度檢測系統，由分子篩作為電極。鑒於粉末狀的分子篩容易流失，我們製備出陶土鐵分子篩，以陶土固定分子篩，並以此作為電極，搭配白金絲，透過能士特方程式，測出過氧化氫的濃度，且藉由電路調控放大倍率，可以直接控制檢測範圍。從實驗結果得知，鐵分子篩在處理過氧化氫的時候，不會有鐵離子溶出的現象，且其催化性在酸性液中可以維持，能不斷的使用，長時間來看，分子篩相當有經濟與環境保護上的價值。We attempted to provide a system for quickly determining the concentration of free radicals. The existing methods or techniques are inefficient or need expensive equipment, therefore, an inexpensive system is being sought for. As a preliminary study, we focused on the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Taking the Fenton reaction as reference, we designed a measuring system. This system includes a catalyst containing Fe or Pt ions for catalyzing hydrogen peroxide decomposition reaction. The Fe- and Pt-zeolite were prepared to hold Fe and Pt ions to avoid losing. Because the electrically induced potential would decrease with the decrease in the concentration of hydrogen peroxide, we could measure the concentration of hydrogen peroxide by monitoring the electrical potential. We determined the initial concentration of hydrogen peroxide in water from the initial electrical potential measured through the equation obtained from the calibration line. The practicability of this system has been assured after a series of experiments. We will further develop the technique for measuring other free radicals. We anticipate that this technique will be further developed for measuring other free radicals. Although there are several problems and limitations to be solved and conquered, one thing is for sure: this system is an environment-friendly and cost-effective facility for determining the concentration of free radicals in an aqueous solution.

長期以來，臨床研究發現酒精會影響人類胚胎的正常發育，但是其分子機 制尚不清楚。在本研究中利用RNA 定位雜交的方式觀察酒精對於胚胎發育過程 中shh、sox9a、sox9b、col2a1、hand2 的影響，發現這些基因的表現均會受到酒 精的抑制。這項結果顯示在胚胎發育過程中，酒精透過對上述基因的影響，造成 神經脊細胞減少，細胞遷移異常，以及干擾軟骨細胞分化的現象，進而造成頭骨 發育的嚴重缺陷。此外，實驗中亦發現生長激素在腦下垂體的表現亦受到酒精抑 制。這項研究的結果成功地從基因的層次深入了解胎兒酒精中毒症候群造成頭骨 畸形及生長遲緩的病理機制。 It was known that prenatal alcohol exposure may cause serious birth defects and developmental disabilities. The molecular mechanism of this fetal alcohol syndrome still remains unclear. As revealed by whole mount RNA in situ hybridization, it was shown that expression of a number of craniofacial cartilage-related genes, including shh, sox9a, sox9b, col2a1 and hand2, were all inhibited in zebrafish embryo by alcohol exposure. It suggests that alcohol exposure may result in reducing neural crest cell production, interfering neural crest migration, preventing chondrogenesis and eventually cause craniofacial defects. In addition, the transcriptional profile of pituitary hormones were investigated by RNA in situ hybridization. It appears that only growth hormone, but not prolactin and thyroid stimulating hormone, was inhibited by alcohol exposure. The reduction of growth hormone transcription was also confirmed by real time PCR. It also appears that the expression of upstream transcription factor pit1 and downstream target gene igf1 remains unchanged. It suggests that the reduction of gh transcription is mediated by a PIT1-independent pathway. The transcriptional profile of alcohol-exposed embryo was investigated by gene microarray analysis. It appears that the expression profiles of a number of development, cellular signaling, cell growth and apoptosis related genes have be affected by 1.5% alcohol treatment. It was noted that a number of retinal-specific genes were all repressed significantly. It consists with histochemical observation that alcohol exposure results in loss lamination and disturbed differentiation. This study help us understanding the molecular mechanism of fetal alcohol syndrome.