去氧核糖核酸水解?，(deoxyribonuclease,簡稱DNase)為一種核酸內切?。目前研究得最透徹的去氧核糖核酸水解?為牛胰臟的DNase I，有四種以上的同功?存在。而牛和雞的DNA序列有極高的相似度，由之前的研究中在等電點焦集電泳法顯示雞胰臟DNase I 具A、B 兩種同功?，本實驗則希望能進一步了解兩種同功?的差異原因。在抽取RNA 後，以RT-PCR 方法合成cDNA，將其以限制?切割，再以大腸桿菌作為載體進行轉殖及繁殖培養，最後將其DNA 定序後進行分析比較。目前已完成第一次定序，但因引子接合過程中有部分位置錯亂造成殖體無法進行表現。另外在此次所得之序列中有發現一個胺基酸的轉變，而其是否為多型性之表現則有待進一步的實驗證實。The most advanced research on deoxyribonuclease in current states is on the bovine pancreatic DNase I, more than four of which isoforms have been found. It is shown that the DNA sequences of chicken and bovine have relatively high similarity. In addition, according to the result of isoelectric focusing from previous researches, chicken pancreatic DNaseI has two isoforms (A and B.) In this research, the author expects to establish more knowledge on the differences on the isoforms and the causes. After receiving the RNA, the RT-PCR is preformed to incorporate the cDNA, which is later cleaved by restriction enzyme and inserted into the plasmid DNA of the E. coli host cell to be cloned. So far a polynucleotide sequence has been deduced from clones of the cDNA, but it cannot be expressed successfully in E.coli due to few random mistaken splicing. There is an alternation of one amino acid, and whether it is the actual state of isoform or not still requires further proof.

Light diffraction and interference are two of most basic experiments, but they’re the most powerful evident of wave properties of light. Due to the lack of high-quality and fairly accurate equipment, these important experiments are limited to the simple demonstration of the phenomena. Especially, the spatial intensity variations of diffraction and interference patterns are, however, completely not drawn to scale. In order to precisely measure the diffraction and interference patterns intensity, we consult lots of reference, search for suitable materials and reuse waste old and useless laser printers. Finally, overcoming disadvantages of time consumption and poor spatial resolution, we develop two accurate, practical and delicate methods. We use optical power control circuit created on our own to steady the brightness emitting of laser diode. Then the high linear photoelectric detector is stored on XYZ axis micro movement control platform. Next high degree of reflection rotating polygon mirror employing optical lever is collocated with low vibration blushless motor. Thus, a self-scanning intensity pattern plotter is accomplished. At the same time, it overcome difficulties like time wasting and low reliability during doing these kind of optical experiments. In this article these two dependable and worth popularizing measurements of light diffraction and interference is going to be introduced. 光的繞射與干涉實驗是光學中最基本的實驗之一，也是證明光的波動性質之最主要的依據。在一般的高中物理實驗室中受限於器材的等級與精度，只能對光的繞射與干涉做近似定性的實驗，尤其是繞射、干涉圖形上的光能量分佈，完全無法以現有的器材做精準的測量。 在這一年的專題研究中，我們小組針對測量光的繞射、干涉能量分佈為目標，參閱許多相關文獻，四處尋找適用的材料及零件，發揮廢物利用的精神，克服萬難，發展出兩種精巧、實用又準確的測量方法，我們以自行發展的光功率控制電路使雷射二極體的光度穩定，並且以高線性度的光感測元件裝載在自行設計的X.Y.Z微動機台上，同時利用光槓桿原理所構成的高反射度的旋轉六面鏡，配合低震動的無刷馬達，完成了一套能自動掃瞄繞射能量分佈曲線的測試儀，經實際使用相當地穩定可靠，可以快速而精確地獲得大量的實驗數據，比對這些數據不僅能驗證繞射理論，並能更深入地延伸理論的探討。

有二系統A和B，A中一開始有2k個物體，，B中有0個物體。在一個單位時間內，兩系統可以互相轉移最多一個物體。當B中物體的個數為 i-1，i∈{1,2,...,k+1}，我們稱其為狀態 i，從狀態1﹝初態﹞開始計時，到達狀態 k+1﹝相同態﹞便即刻停止實驗，經過之時間為一隨機變數T，稱之為實驗時間。問當兩個系統的物體數剛好相等時，經過的實驗時間之分佈為何？本文將以上述問題為核心，分別探討不同條件下系統的實驗時間所反映出來的現象，如機率、期望值、變異數等等。 Define two systems, A includes 2k objects, and B has none. They can transfer at most one object from one system to another in a time unit. When the number of objects in B is i-1, i∈{1,2,...,k+1} , we say the system is at state i. As soon as system transfer form state 1 ( initial state ) to state k+1 ( the same state ), the experiment stop. Random variable T, called the experiment time, is the time before stop. What would be the distribution of the experiment time if all systems have the same amount of objects within? This article will focus on the described question and discuss what property the experiment time of the system under various conditions has, such as probability, mean, and variance.

黑擬蛺蝶(Junonia iphita iphita)為台灣地區常見的蛺蝶，其幼蟲具有築巢行為，但文獻中對其幼蟲行為的描述極少，因此本實驗探討黑擬蛺蝶幼蟲在野外的族群變化與環境之關係，並研究幼蟲築巢行為，以探討其適應環境的生存策略。首先於室內及恆溫生長箱中飼養幼蟲，以建立其生活史基本資料，並於野外統計各齡期幼蟲在不同植物上的數量變化及築巢行為的差異，以探討不同環境因素對幼蟲築巢之影響。由實驗結果得知，黑擬蛺蝶生活史短，可取食多種爵床科(Acanthaceae)之植物，其寄主植物除文獻所紀錄之台灣馬藍(Strobilanthes formosanus)及賽山藍(Blechum pyramudatum)等外，也取食大安水蓑衣(Hydrophila pogonocalyx)、無花水蓑衣(Hygrophila violacea)、易生木(Hemigraphis repanda)及翠蘆利(Ruellia brittoniana)等。黑擬蛺蝶幼蟲野外族群波動與溫溼度及雨量等環境因子並無直接關係。黑擬蛺蝶一年發生多世代且有世代重疊情形，世代波動與四季律動關係不明顯，顯示黑擬蛺蝶對環境的適應力大。黑擬蛺蝶幼蟲利用築巢以適應環境變化，應是其幼蟲良好的生存策略。且幼蟲在強風及光線強的環境下築巢率增加，降雨時則減少。Junonia iphita iphita belongs to Nymphalidae（Lepidoptera）. They can be found easily in the wilderness of Taiwan. Its larva shows nest-making behavior. However, there is little literature documenting the behaviors of its larva. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between the quantities of Junonia iphita iphita’s larvae and its natural habitat, to research its nesting behaviors, and to investigate its survival strategies to adapt to the environment. I started by raising larvae in a growth chamber under a controlled temperature in order to obtain its initial information regarding its life history. In the field, I documented the numbers and the changes of larvae at each stage on different host plants and recorded the differences in its nest-making behavior in order to find out which environment factors influence the nest-making of Junonia iphita iphita’s larvae. These experiments concluded that the life history of larvae is short. The immature intaking habit showed that the larva takes various plants of the Acanthaceae. In addition to the host plants mentioned in the literature, such as Strobilanthes formosanus, and Blechum pyramidatum, Junonia iphita iphita’s larvae also live by Hydrophila pogonocalyx, Hygrophila violacea, Hemigraphis repanda, and Ruelba brittoniana, which were not listed in the literature. Through experiments, I discovered that there is no direct correlation between the population fluctuations of larvae and it’s enviroment including factors such as temperature, humidity or rainfall. Junonia iphita iphita can produce multi-generations in a year accompanying generation overlapping. There is also no obvious correlation between the generation fluctuations and changing seasons, showing that larvae can easily adapt to the environment. Junonia iphita iphita’s larvae adapt themselves to the different environments by nest-making which should be a good survival strategy. Besides, the rate of nest-making increases when larvae are under strong winds and strong lights and decreases when the rain falls.

本研究利用波以耳定律為基礎，以理論計算推導的方式，模擬水氣壓計的操作模式，並 探討其校準模式與誤差來源。 以此設計出的水氣壓計有以下兩個特色： 1. 大氣壓力的變化與水氣壓計液面的變化為線性關係。 2. 可以得到比水銀氣壓計更佳的靈敏度。 而在水氣壓計的校準上分別探討了標準校準、壓力差校準、溫度校準與重力密度校準。 利用標準校準可以得到水氣壓計液面變化與大氣壓力變化的線性關係式。而溫度校準與密度 校準在儀器操作環境為定溫下則可併入標準校準。 This study based on Boyle's law imitates the operation model of water barometer and discusses its calibration and sources of error. The designed water barometer has two features: 1. The relationship between atmospheric pressure and the height changes of the surface of the water barometer is linear. 2. More sensitive than that of a mercury barometer. We also discuss standard calibration, pressure calibration, thermo calibration and gravidensity calibration. The linearity between atmospheric pressure and the height changes of the surface of the water barometer is known by standard calibration; thermo calibration and gravidensity calibration can be merged into standard calibration under constant temperature surroundings.

The World Trade Center in New York City was collapsed after attacked by the terrorist. Although the design of this building did not consider the attack by the terrorist, however, this event also exposed the weakness of a high-rise building. This study is aimed at examining the cause of the collapse of the World Trade Center. A series of experimental studies was carried out to examine the strength of steel material under elevated temperature. Experimental studies were also performed on model steel frames under fire to simulate the situation of World Trade Center under fire. It is found that the strength of steel structure decayed under fire event. The upper stories lost its support from the floor that was subjected to fire load and the collapse of the floor under fire induced impact load from the upper stories. Progressive failure occurred on the subsequent floors due to the impact from the upper stories. This phenomenon was also observed in the experimental study of the model frame tests. This study has successful reproduced the failure mode of the World Trade Center in New York City. 紐約世界貿易中心大樓在遭遇恐怖份子攻擊後倒塌，雖然大樓之設計可能並未考慮恐怖份子的攻擊，但此次事件亦暴露超高層大樓的脆弱，本研究乃探討紐約世貿大樓破壞之原因，研究過程中首先以一系列之試驗探討鋼鐵材料在高溫下之行為，尤其是高溫對鋼材強度之影響。其次並進行鋼骨模型骨架受火燒之破壞試驗，發現在高溫燒烤下鋼骨軟化而失去承載能力，而無法承載上方樓層之重量，上方樓層倒塌後往下形成一衝擊力，並造成往下連續之衝擊，最後導致整體結構倒塌，模型結構試驗亦證實世貿大樓之破壞模式

The Project applicant proposes to develop fahaheel Beach by constructing a mall. This mall will be incipience and unique in Kuwait. The mall is divided to three parts; first part includes shops, Reception, Entertainment areas (cinema, beauty center, gymnasiums), Second part involved a food court for customers who want to stay for long time in the mall., Last part includes outdoor playgrounds, and out door game courts(tennis, foot ball, hand ball, basket ball), out door coffee shop. The intended goal of this project is to provide high quality, cost-effective, unique experiment of shopping and fishing services in accordance with global standards of excellence. Work. The Main task of the preliminary design phase was to balance the equation of any investment commercial project which is to provide a design that serves as an attraction spot for investors, shoppers and visitors. The design of this mall was based on the latest technology and techniques which helped in achieving the desired concept. It has been designed using the highest standards and finest finishing material whether internally or externally. The fine quality of material and high solar performance glass will help in minimizing the electrical load by decreasing the air conditioning load required. All material has been chosen to suit the image and quality to be resembled in the mall and the tower will turn out to be a master piece that has utilized newly introduced up to date building technical installation. The mall will provide a full service of shopping and entertainment facility covering over10,500sq.meter op space within this space are dedicated areas for fitness health, recreation, spa social, dining, entertainment, childcare and beach.

In this work I make the analysis of the possibility of the existence of the number system with non-natural base & its investigation. The question examined in my work is totally opened:\r ‧ making the list of new characteristics, rules of the translation of the numbers, and also rules of the simple calculating operations, checked the operations of subtraction & division;\r ‧ checked the Euclidean algorithm, its characteristics by means of estimating the coefficients;\r ‧ found the practical appliance of new method in compiling & solving of the tasks.\r Investigation I’ve suggested stipulates for independence of new system & its appliance in type of tasks, that is beyond the course of school program & also beyond the whole system of school education.

我們藉由電腦模擬來研究宇宙微波背景輻射中之Sunyaev-Zel’dovich 效應，以探討星系團及宇宙的一些根本性質。重要的發現有： 以上的結果，將可在短期的未來直接應用在許多期待中的觀測結果上，以揭開星團的總質量、質量密度、以及宇宙中的黑暗能量等神祕面紗。 We study the important properties of the galaxy clusters and our universe by using numerical simulations for the Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect in the Cosmic Microwave Background. We found that: These results can be applied to the observations in the near future, in order to reveal the total mass of clusters, their mass density profile, and the dark energy of our universe.

Tea is the most widely accepted and consumed beverage worldwide due to its characteristic aroma and taste. Recent studies have provided the strong scientific basis for understanding the health promoting effects and cancer preventive actions of tea. The components of tea especial the catechins are varied with the conditions of making tea. To understand and determine the chemical composition of tea is very important. Some investigations of the parameters on the storage and making of tea were carried on in this study. The kinds of tea studied were including black tea, oolong tea, green tea, and instant tea bags. A high performance liquid chromatograph combined with UV detector and mass spectrometer used to analyze the components of tea. The results showed that the composition of tea solution is dependant of the exposure of light. One of the components of tea, (-)-epicatechin methylgallate (ECMG) was oxidized to quino form. The concentrations of (-)-catechin gallate (ECG) decreased and one of new compound (M.W. 442) produced with increasing the storage time. From the results show tea made with cold water is better than that made with hot water. The ingredients in green tea were changed faster than those in fermentative black tea and oolong tea. The components of tea can be kept unchanged for a long time at low temperature. In refrigerator, the time can be extended to overnight. 茶由於其具有特殊的芳香氣味及口味，廣泛地被世人用為飲料，近年來的研究證據顯示茶具有促進身體健康和防癌功效，但茶中成分之變化，尤其兒茶素隨茶的種類、茶沖泡保存方式及置放時間而有所不同，因此對於茶中成分及沖泡方式的認知是一門重要的課題。 本實驗主要是探討茶沖泡時間及貯存條件，對於茶液所含兒茶素變化的影響，探討的茶包含紅茶、烏龍茶、綠茶及其茶包。並使用質譜儀及高效能液相層析質譜儀配備紫外光偵測器分析茶液中之成分，實驗結果顯示成分變化速率以未發酵的綠茶較發酵的紅茶和烏龍茶快；低溫儲存時，亦可延緩茶液成分的變化，例如加蓋並存放於冰箱，則茶置放至隔夜其成分均未改變；同時結果顯示成分產生變化者，主要為兒茶素氧化，如將多酚類氫氧基經氧化變成?（quino） ，其次為斷裂再產生聚合其中綠茶以不照光變化較大。本研究並經實驗發現如果以冷開水沖泡綠茶20~30分鐘，咖啡因的溶出量雖略多於沖泡2分鐘的熱茶，但各種兒茶素的溶出量卻遠高之，尤其置放至隔夜茶液成分仍無氧化現象。

本研究首先確認培地茅根系具有碎形之基本特性，再進一步以方格覆蓋法計算之碎形維度來分析培地茅根系在不同時間及環境因素下的生長。主要探討碎形維度與抓地力之關係，並設計以實際根系模型來加以模擬，並發展出一可描述抓地力與碎形維度及深度關係的方程式。我們的結論為：（1） 經由方格覆蓋法之計算，培地茅此種植物，不管是整個根系或單枝根，均具有碎形基本特性，適合進一步實驗研究。（2） 碎形維度會隨著培地茅生長時間增長而增加，並且在自然光照及30℃左右會有較大值，而種植於土壤中根系發展較廣，其碎形維度比種植於沙耕中來的高。（3） 實驗結果顯示，抓地力受碎形維度及根系深度兩因素影響，而培地茅根系對土壤有較強的抓地力，推測是因為兩者根系皆又深又長，土中培地茅根碎形維度較大，接觸面積較廣，而又進一步以矽膠模型做實驗驗證。（4） 矽膠模型之目的在於減少難控制之自然變因，實驗之前，測量了根系模型與洋菜凍之基本性質，實驗結果顯示抓地力與碎形維度及根系深度皆呈正向關係，可用數學方程式加以描述。This project is mainly a research into the fractal dimension of the vetiver root system. First, we confirm the vetiver root system has the basic fractal structure by checking its self-similarity, then using box-counting method to calculate fractal dimension. We begin with a fundamental investigation into the relation between different time and environmental factors and fractal dimension. Then we move to our main point: the relation between fractal dimension and its pull-out resistance. In the next step, we make a fundamental silicon model, simulating the vetiver root system, to continue our experiments. In the end, we develop a formula that can describe the relation between its pull-out resistance, roots depth and fractal dimension. Here are our conclusions: （1） After using box-counting method to calculate fractal dimension, we discover that not only the whole vetiver root system but also a single vetiver root has the basic fractal structure. （2） Fractal dimension increases when time goes on. Also the value of fractal dimension is larger in natural sunlight and the temperature at about 30℃.The vetiver root system grows more widely in soil than those in sand. That’s why it has larger fractal dimension. （3） Data shows that its pull-out resistance is influenced by both fractal dimension and the depth of the roots. The vetiver roots, in the meantime, show greater pull-out resistance than some other plants. Thus we draw the assumption that the vetiver root system grows deep and wide, and in natural soil its fractural dimension is greater and reaches greater area. Therefore, a silicon model is constructed to further confirm the findings of the experiment.（4） The design of the silicon model is to reduce the uncontrollable variables in nature. Before starting the experiment, we measured some basic characteristics of the silicon model, including density and angle of repose. Furthermore, the experiment demonstrates that pull-out resistance and fractural dimension have a commensurate mutual relation: the stronger the pull-out resistance, the wider the fractural dimension and the deeper the root system. Thus we derive a math formula to describe this relation.

在此研究中，我們用類似反演變換的方法，以一個定圓創立並證明了一種新的幾何變換，稱為 「調和變換」 · 我們得到點、直線、圓與圓錐曲線經過變換的關係 ·。1 .直線可以映射成原直線或一圓錐曲線 · 2.圓可以映射成一種特殊曲線。 3 .圓錐曲線可以映射成兩條圓錐曲線或一條圓錐曲線和一直線。此外我們還發現調和變換和反演變換的特殊關係 · 最後，由於調和變換可以簡化圓錐曲線的關係，我們將調和變換應用在行星輾些的證明上，並得到了良好的結果。In this research, we use a method similar to the inversion to establish a new geometric transformation, called harmonic transformation, by a fixed circle O, we prove some of its properties. We have gotten the relationship among points. lines, circs, conies and their images: 1 .The image of a line is a conic or a line itself. 2.Thc image of a circle is a special category of curve. 3.The image of a conic with its focus at the center of O is two conies or a line and a conic. Further mote, we also find the special connection between harmonic transformation and inversion. Finally, since the harmonic transformation can simplify the conic, we apply the harmonic transformation to identify the orbit of a planet, and obtain a nice conclusion.