YWHAZ(14-3-3δ)蛋白被證實在肺腺癌中會引發上皮-間葉的轉變作用(epithelial - mesenchymal transition ; EMT)導致癌轉移，然而其分子機制卻不清楚。先前實驗室利用cDNA微陣列技術(microarray)發現肺腺癌細胞大量表現YWHAZ蛋白會導致Wnt訊息傳遞路徑之相關基因大量表現。因此，本研究目的是探討YWHAZ蛋白在肺腺癌細胞中是否會活化Wnt途徑而引發EMT。\r 本研究結果發現大量表現YWHAZ蛋白除了會增加細胞質中β-catenin的表現量，也會增加細胞核內 β-catenin 和TCF4 的蛋白表現量，並且在細胞核中與β-catenin和TCF4形成複合體；而臨床肺腺癌病患檢體中發現，相較於正常肺葉組織，YWHAZ蛋白與β-catenin在肺癌組織的檢體有較高的表現量，同時少部分會進入細胞核內。經由以上結果，我們推測YWHAZ蛋白可能會結合β-catenin與TCF4蛋白並活化Wnt途徑，因而引發EMT之產生，而促進肺癌轉移。說明YHWAZ蛋白有潛力成為日後診斷肺腺癌的指標蛋白(marker protein)，同時亦成為治療肺腺癌的標的蛋白(target protein)。\r 重要性\r 1.提出YWHAZ可能在肺腺癌細胞中活化Wnt訊息傳遞路徑(Wnt signaling pathway)而導致癌轉移。\r 2.再度指出YWHAZ在腫瘤生物學的重要性。\r 3.對於肺腺癌轉移提供了臨床診斷及治療的另一種選擇 ─ YWHAZ。

鹼性電池使用的電解液均為強鹼，電池中的鋅極會與其發生腐蝕反應，使得電池放電壽命降低，並產生氫氣，而大量氫氣使得電池有爆裂的危險，為了改善上述問題，我們自行設計了氣體觀測儀器，用來檢測銀鋅電池充放電與靜置時之氣體產生量，更藉由探討影響變因的過程找出銀鋅電池較合適之使用條件，其中包含電解液種類及濃度之選擇、電極面積與充電電流對使用效果之影響，並改善電池腐蝕程度；我們將鋅極以浸鍍處理(Sn:Pb ＝1:1 )並搭配電解液添加物(KOH:Zn(OH)42 －＝ 2:1) 可效率地抑制氣體產生；更用氯化銀粉末取代傳統氧化銀極片為正極，發現氯化銀可代替氧化銀電極，且有不錯的放電效果。;As we know, the electrolyte solution used in an alkalinebattery is a concentrated alkaline solution, which corrodes the zinc electrode in a battery of this kind. The corrosive reaction not only reduces the lifespan of the battery but also produces hydrogen, causing the battery to explode. This study is intended to help us design a device to measure the quantity of hydrogen gas generated in the charging of a zinc-silver battery. We have studied several factors affecting zinc-silver battery, including the variety of electrolyte, the concentration of alkaline solution, the surface of electrode, and the density of charging current, etc. To reduce the corrosion of zinc electrode, we plate the zinc electrode by the immersion electroless plating method, using several kinds of low-polluting anti-corrosive additives (metallic compounds such as lead and tin). We also add zincate ion into electrolyte solution to further reduce the quantity of hydrogen produced. The experiments show a zinc-silver alkaline battery works most efficiently, if the powder of silver chloride is used instead of silver oxide.

有二系統A和B，A中一開始有2k個物體，，B中有0個物體。在一個單位時間內，兩系統可以互相轉移最多一個物體。當B中物體的個數為 i-1，i∈{1,2,...,k+1}，我們稱其為狀態 i，從狀態1﹝初態﹞開始計時，到達狀態 k+1﹝相同態﹞便即刻停止實驗，經過之時間為一隨機變數T，稱之為實驗時間。問當兩個系統的物體數剛好相等時，經過的實驗時間之分佈為何？本文將以上述問題為核心，分別探討不同條件下系統的實驗時間所反映出來的現象，如機率、期望值、變異數等等。 Define two systems, A includes 2k objects, and B has none. They can transfer at most one object from one system to another in a time unit. When the number of objects in B is i-1, i∈{1,2,...,k+1} , we say the system is at state i. As soon as system transfer form state 1 ( initial state ) to state k+1 ( the same state ), the experiment stop. Random variable T, called the experiment time, is the time before stop. What would be the distribution of the experiment time if all systems have the same amount of objects within? This article will focus on the described question and discuss what property the experiment time of the system under various conditions has, such as probability, mean, and variance.

一 Motivation and Purpose: In this study, we want to completely know about “The number abc…de, which times m/n, 1≦n≦m≦9?N can get ed… cba?”, and also expect to find out “The good rule within them”. 二 Procedure:Using method of enumeration, induction to collect sample of all and beginning from two digits to get information “good rule”. When get some useful idea, put them into the following research for the step easy go on, the method try and error is a very tiresome works, especially when we deal higher digits. till enough information is obtained, we solve problem and find new one, then likewise again research steps, just the basic science research ways, we are glad have the key of these problem. 三 Result and conclusion :Those number we named “converse No.” There are two groups: S=m+n=10 and 11 S=11, then Q=m/n=9/2,8/3,7/4,6/5=4.5,2.6,1.75,1.2 S=10, then Q=m/n=9/1,8/2,7/3,6/4=9,4,2.3,1.5 Each group have four type. When S=11,Q=7/4=1.75,if converse No.each digit is a multiple of 3, then can cancellation or extension of fraction to get another 3 or 4. Growth up rule: Converse No. = type factor x heritable factor x growth factor=rx hx g S=11,r=2~5,h=9, s=10, r=1~4, h=99 一 研究目的：盼能找出”顛倒一族”的族譜。二 研究過程：確定研究題目為ab…cde×m/n=edc...ba,0≦n≦m≦9?N 求ab… cde？以窮舉法收集觀察資料，歸納演繹尋求規律。1.先觀察兩位數，分析共有顛倒對36對。2.建立乘數Q=m/n一覽表，共有27個3.設計顛倒對大/小及其商一覽表，以利觀察、歸納獲得規律。4.接著觀察三位數，共有360對，綜合二、三位數規律，找出選擇式窮舉法：9之倍數法。5.再接著找出四位數，再綜合而知另有 全調法 重現法 半調法 GCD遺傳基因法等來繁衍高位數顛倒數。6.於是依諸法找得六位數資料，得知GCD遺傳基因法為繁衍通則，完成族譜建立模式。7.研究顛倒數位數與其個數間關係式，完成研究。研究結論：1.顛倒一族有兩大類：S=10與S=11 S=m+n。2.每一大類有四型： S=10中，Q =9/1,8/2,7/3,6/4(9,4,2.3,1.5)S=11中，Q =9/2,8/3,7/4,6/5(4.5,2.6,1.75,1.2)3.每一型均有一個顛倒數，除了S=11中，Q=7/4=1.75者可約、擴分而得3or4個。4.顛倒數原則上均為9之倍數，除了Q=7/4經約、擴分可能得非9倍數者。

本研究自2005 年12 月開始，以臺北市內湖區大湖自公園死亡的漂浮琵琶鼠魚(Many-rayed Sailfin Sucker Catfish )為主要研究對象，探討外來物種與放生行為對大湖生態系的影響。 研究期間共觀察到死亡的琵琶鼠魚隻數計有1085 隻，可記錄到個體形質資料的隻數為910 隻，背鰭棘數則有11 棘、12 棘、13 棘與14 棘四種，分析四種不同棘數的琵琶鼠魚後發現：在體長、頭寬及吻到背鰭長度均無差異(p>0.05)，因此判斷所記錄的個體應是棘甲鯰科(Loricariidae) Pterygoplichthys 屬中的同一種魚種。由檢視魚體並分析記錄數量與環境因子相關性後推測：琵琶鼠魚死亡主因是劇烈起伏的溫度差異，其次是人為因素的刻意傷害。 所記錄到大湖池塘水棲動物有：環節動物、軟體動物、節肢動物、魚類、兩棲動物及爬行動物等六大類共34 種，其中外來物種有16 種，本地入侵物種有3 種，而這些外來動物進入大湖的主要管道應是由個人的棄養或放生行為所造成。琵琶鼠魚因繁殖能力強、具攻擊性、吞食其他魚種卵塊、可適應高污染水體及垂釣客對魚種的篩選等因素，而成為最具生存競爭能力的優勢魚種。不但造成大湖池塘呈現嚴重魚種單一化，更可由靜止水域大量擴散至流動水域。未來如何將政府相關部門、學術研究單位與民間社團等力量結合，共同防範大湖琵琶鼠魚的持續蔓延、宣導民眾正確的放生觀念、積極改善大湖水體污染狀況，並訂定完整之外來物種移除計畫，以期恢復大湖池塘物種歧異度，都將是刻不容緩的重要生態課題。;This research began in December of 2005. Focusing on dead floating Many-rayed Sailfin Sucker Catfish in Dahu Park, Nei-hu Distrct, Taipei city. We discuss the impacts of Alien and of behaviors of the release of captured animals on Dahu Park’s ecosystem. During observation period, there were totally 1085 dead Many-rayed Sailfin Sucker Catfish, of which 910 bodies were found. The number of the thorn bushes on dorsal fins includes 11, 12, 13,and 14. After analyzing four kinds of different thorn bushes, we find that no differences exist in Total length, Head width, Predorsal length (p>0.05). We hence conclude that the recorded object should be species with identical with Loricariidae Pterygoplichthys. With the inspection of the fish’s body and the analysis of the relevance of the recorded quantity and the environmental factor, we infer that the main reason of the Many-rayed Sailfin Sucker Catfish’s death is violent temperature differences and the second is attributed to human’s intentional abuse. The aquatic animals of Dahu Park amount to 34 kinds and six classes such as Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Pisces, Amphobian, and Reptilia. Among them, 16 kinds that are Alien and 3 kinds are Native Invasive Species. Intentional abandon and release behavior channel of these Alien to Dahu Park. Many-rayed Sailfin Sucker Catfish are highly productive, aggressive, and adaptable to highly polluted water. Besides, they eat ovums from other fishes. Moreover, they are not the fisher’s preference and hence often thrown back into pond once hooked . Thus, they become the most competitive survival fish species in Dahu Park. The high competitive ability of Many-rayed Sailfin Sucker Catfish causes Dahu Park to present a serious unification of fish species. This serious unification of fish species could also be spread from static water areas of Dahu Park to flowing water areas. According to our research, certain urgent ecological issues in Dahu Park are to take precautions against the spread of Many-rayed Sailfin Sucker Catfish, to promote the correct idea of releasing captured animals, to improve Dahu Park’s water pollution, and to stipulate a complete plan about eliminating Alien. Our research suggest that government’s relevant departments, academic research units, and folk corporations should be cooperated to achieve the above four goals. Once the four goals are achieved, we believe that the fish species of Dahu Park will be full of varieties again.

實驗室或化學工業製程所產生的廢水中常含有有毒物質，若未經處理直接排放而使河川的自淨能力無法負荷時，將對環境產生嚴重的危害。這些有毒物質包括強酸、強鹼、酚、氰化物及各種重金屬，依其污染物性質的不同，需利用各種不同的去除方法來達到預期的處理效果。近年來高分子合成技術的創新，使具有選擇性吸附的高分子型吸附劑，在去除水中有機物和重金屬上，已有突破性的發展。但此種吸附劑的價格過高，不符合經濟效益。因此，如何選擇一個適合的吸附劑，是一個值得深入研究的課題。常用的吸附劑有活性碳、粘土、矽石、兩性澱粉等。對於去除低濃度有機物或重金屬離子時，用一般處理方法較不經濟，且不易達到理想的去除效率，此時可利用吸附劑如界面活性劑或雜環族有機物等，以達到較高的去除效果。而吸附劑的選擇不但需考量吸附效果的優劣，吸附劑的來源是否容易取得，吸附反應時間的長短、飽和吸附量及吸附後廢棄物的後續處理問題等，都是必須考慮的因素。本研究利用豆渣作為吸附水溶液中重金屬的吸附劑，來探討豆渣在不同時間、不同粒徑下對水中重金屬鎘的吸附能力和去除效果。實驗結果發現：豆渣吸附時間在短時間即可達到吸附平衡，去除率在 60﹪至 75﹪左右；豆渣粒徑的大小會影響吸附能力，以 D4（0.250mm~0.061mm）效果最好，當粒徑較小時，其表面積較大所以吸附效果較好。另外，藉由 Langmuir 等溫吸附曲線可決定豆渣對鎘的最大吸附量。實驗中所使用之吸附劑（豆渣）與吸附質（重金屬－鎘）之吸附行為符合 Langmuir sorption isotherm equation，可得到一最大吸附量。

ELVES (Emissions of Light and VLF perturbation due to EMP Sources) is a transient luminous phenomenon of ionosphere induced by the electromagnetic pulse of lightning. In this report, we use the data of ISUAL science payload of FORMOSAT-2 to investigate the luminosities and the stepped-leader signals of the different kinds of ELVES.淘氣精靈全名Emissions of Light and VLF perturbation due to EMP Sources簡稱ELVES，為閃電的電磁脈衝波引發電離層短暫發光的現象，本研究是分析福爾摩沙衛星二號上科學酬載ISUAL的光度資料，以探討淘氣精靈類型與光度訊號強度以及閃電前導訊號的關係。

DNA感測器近年來蓬勃發展,應用層面包括基因工程,醫學及藥物的開發等,然而目前較常使用的感測方法,需要繁瑣耗時的標定過程,且所使用的化學藥劑對環境容易造成傷害,鑒於以上方法的不完善處,我們決定設計一套新的感測系統,此研究結合了氮化鎵奈米線(GaN Nanowires)及延伸場效電晶體(EGFET)的優點,成功的發展出創新的DNA感測系統,氮化鎵奈米線的高生物匹配性及高感測面積,能有效提高靈敏度,延伸式場效電晶體的設計,史感測器具由免標定及時感測的特性,且易於組裝及操作,我們將探針DNA(probe DNA)修是在氮化鎵奈米線作為之延伸閘極上,由於DNA在中性水溶液中帶負電,且DNA之間具有強烈的互補特性,因此當目標DNA(target DNA)與探針DNA接合,形成雙股DNA,氮化鎵奈米線(閘極)的表面電位即會有所變化,並造成FET特性的改變,藉由此性質及能成功感測DNA,研究結果顯示,此研究所發展出的DNA感測器,愈有相當高的靈敏度(10-18),相較於其他以FET技術所設計出的DNA感測器,靈敏度提升了三個數量極,此外此感測器亦具有高選擇性,即使單一鹼基對的突變也能成功辨別;-hybridization based detection techniques are widely developed due to their promising applications in genetics, medicine and drug discovery. However, current DNA detection techniques based on labels or reagents are time-consuming, environmentally-harmful and complex to implement. In this study, we have successfully demonstrated a label-free extended-gate-field-effect-transistor (EGFET) sensor utilizing a GaN-nanowires electrode with DNA probes immobilized, capable of specific DNA sequence identification. The principle behind the design is based on the change in surface potential and charge transfer after hybridization. GaN nanowires, being bio-compatible, provide direct transfer path and high surface area, thus offer an unprecedented opportunity of DNA sensing with high sensitivity. In addition, our EGFET design facilitates easy assembly and operation of DNA detection. Comparative studies on complementary and non-complementary DNA were performed to verify the specificity of the sensor. By adapting GaN nanowires structure, the assay time of DNA was shorten to within thirty minutes. Moreover, our sensor displayed an ultra-high sensitivity in the level of attoM: three orders of magnitude higher in resolution than that of other FET-based DNA detection methods.

此研究的目的是要設計出一套完整編輯顯現數學式、加以計算，並求出解的一套方法與成品。而這項工作的執行者，在此稱之Equatetor 。一般的數學式子，若要計算的話，普通的計算機是不足夠的。原因是它們沒有辦法表現出數學式的「原貌」，例如分號、指數、函數、根號等數學符號混在一起時的情況。於是，我便擬定了一個研究，希望設計出一套更方便且實用的方法。換句話說，我要設計出一個功能強大的工程計算機程式。其中，自然牽扯到數學式子的顯現方式（以MathML 實現），以及計算機科學的演算法及資料結構。我主要的目的有四：(1) 顯示數學式(2) 方便編輯數學式(3) 計算數學式(4) 處理可以以不同形式輸出解答的計算（如輸出分數、根號、函數解等）。研究結果中，成功地運用XML 中的MathML 與二分逼近分數等演算法及若干資料結構，達到了以下實用的幾點：(1) 結構化的數學式編輯(2) 完整地顯示數學式(3) 正確運算並輸出運算式的答案(4) 提供一般數學形式之解（非小數之解）;The object of this study is to design a method and processor which is able to edit, display a mathematical expression representing a number, calculate and output the answer. The executor of this task is called Equatetor. Normal calculators are not adequate for this kind of task. The main reason is that they can’t reveal the original expression, such as fractions, radicals, exponents or mathematic functions. Therefore, a simple and convenient method is needed. To perform the possible way of handling those tasks, a computer program has been written. Several techniques were used, such as MathML, computing algorithms, data structures, and so on. Following are main purposes: (1) Displaying mathematical expressions. (2) Editing mathematical expressions simply. (3) Calculating mathematical expressions. (4) Outputting the answers(in different expressions). And the achievements:(1) Structured methods of editing of mathematical expressions. (2) Displaying mathematical expressions completely. (3) Calculating mathematical expressions precisely. (4) Offering answers in different expressions.

When you draw a wet finger around the edge of a half filled wine glass, a sweet musical sound comes forth. The pitch of this sound is directly correlated to the amount of liquid in the glass- the higher the height of the liquid is, the lower the frequency is. It means that the shorter the air column in the glass is, the lower the frequency is. This phenomenon differs from the variance in pitch in a wind instrument. In a wind instrument such as a flute, the shorter the air column in its chamber is, the higher the resulting pitches are. In order to study the wine glass phenomenon, we used a piezoelectric crystal loudspeaker connected to an oscilloscope. We recorded the resulting data by using a digital video recorder to capture the images of the waveform of sound, and than analyzed the waveform by using the computer. Our conclusions are as follows: 1. The frequency of sound thus produced was the same whether we draw our finger around the rim, or we strike the glass rim. The higher the height of the liquid is, the lower the frequency is. But the frequencies vary when we strike the glass and when we blow on the edge. 2. When we used a glass without liquid in it, the frequency emitted when we drew our finger around the edge, this frequency varied inversely as the cube root of their weights. 3. In a glass with liquid, the emitted frequency did not have any correlation to the weight of the contents. By taking two identically filled glasses and placing in each a solid object of the same size but different weight, we were able to see that there was no change in the frequency emitted between the two glasses as long as the height of the liquid remained constant. 4. According to “The Flying Circus of Physics”, if we tap the side of a glass of beer, because of the air bubbles in the beer, the frequency emitted will be lower than that from a glass of pure water. This is according to the book, because the speed of sound is lower in air than in water, therefore the speed of sound in an air-water mixture would be lower than in pure water. The resonant frequencies of the mixture will also be lower. However, in our experiment, we discovered that\r when the glass contained air bubbles, the frequency emitted higher. Our explanation is that the sound emitted since the rim of the glass oscillated transversely, the frequency depends only on the retard of the rim and that the frequency is independent of the speed of sound. The intention of this research is to clarify the many misconceptions of this interesting phenomenon.以溼的手指在玻璃酒杯邊緣摩擦，會有悅耳的聲音，而且頻率會隨著內裝液體減少（空氣柱變長）而變高，這種變化與管樂器隨空氣柱的變長而音調變低不同，為了研究它的原因，我們利用壓電晶片喇叭連接到示波器上，並且利用數位錄影機錄下示波器上的訊號，再以電腦分析出瞬間的頻率，結果發現：一、摩玻璃杯與敲玻璃杯，杯所發出之頻率相同，都是所裝液體愈多發出之頻率愈低。但敲玻璃管與吹玻璃管所發出之頻率不同。二、不裝液體之高腳杯，摩擦時所發出之頻率與重量之立方根成反比。（與鐘相同）\r 三、裝液體之高腳杯發出之頻率，不再與總重量有關，而是與液體之高度有關，保持液體高度不變，即使在杯子中央加入不同重量之固體，杯子振動頻率還是不變。若改裝不同密度之液體，則密度愈大頻率愈低。四、在“The Flying Circus of Physics”書中提到輕敲裝有啤酒之杯時，會因杯中含有氣泡而聽到較低之音調，書中解釋是”空氣中之音速低於水中之音速，混有空氣之水中音速變低，其共振頻率也會降低。”但我們的實驗結果是有氣泡時頻率反而高。我們的解釋是杯子所發出之聲音是由於杯面之振動也就是杯壁的橫向振盪，振盪頻率與液體對杯壁之阻尼有關，但與液中聲速無關，密度愈大之液體阻尼愈大。有氣泡時接觸杯壁之液體變少，阻尼較少所以頻率高。希望本研究能使大多數人對這有趣之現象不再有誤解。

Motivated by Napoleon theorem, we study the properties of the triangles obtained by moving the midpoint of each side of a given trianle along the perpendicular bisector of corresponding sides, and extend the results to the case of quadrilaterals. On the other hand ,we consider the method of erecting a regular M-gon to each side of a given N-gon and joint the N centers of these M-gons to form a new N-gon. (abbreviated as CRG method),and get the following results. 1. We characterize some kinds of N-gons that can be transformed to regular N-gons via CRG method. 2. Of M,N are nature numbers with M|N, then it is possible to find a N-gon that can be transformed to a regular N-gon by CRG method. \r 3. If a polygon P is symmetric with respect to a fixed point or a fixed line, then P can be transformed by CRG to a polygon with similar symmetries. 4. If a polygon P is transformed by CRG to ′P,there exists a commonpoint G such that ΣGA=0 andΣGB=0, where A and B runs through vertices of and P′P, respectively. 本研究將拿破崙定理加以延伸。先探討由各邊中點沿中垂線延伸得出之三角形的性質並推廣至四邊形之情形條列式報告成果。另一個推廣是將給定的多邊形的每邊外接一個正多邊形，再以這些外接的正多邊形的中心為頂點造出一個新的多邊形。我們發現此幾何變換具有以下性質：（1） 「哪些多邊形能被變換成正多邊形呢?」，我們觀察出能被變換成正多邊形的多邊形其限制條件隨邊數增加而增多，並進一步區分了哪些多邊形可以被變換成正多邊形。 （2） 在將非正N邊形做變換時，不一定須外接正N邊形才能得到正N邊形，我們區分出可外接哪些正多邊形而得到正多邊形。 （3） 對給定的多邊形作此變換時，若原多邊形有點對稱或線對稱等性質，則新多邊形也將具有相同的性質。 （4） 此變換得到的新多邊形會與原多邊形共重心，亦即新舊兩多邊形內到各自的頂點向量和為0的點會是同一點。