本研究以高頻阻抗分析儀，針對自製的電容器，以不同比率的三氧化二鐵加二氧化矽混合後所製成的電容器，對頻率、電容直及正切損耗能量直從事研究。實驗結果發現，在低頻率直到60Hz以內，其 Cp及D值變化非常大，明顯的下降，60Hz到1000Hz Cp及D值變化很小。由參考資料中電容器中的損失因數是介電材料是否適合於絕緣材料用途之最基本的準則，一般均希望具有低介電率。即使在最小的空間內也希望有高電容值，如電視、收音機中在介電材料的高頻應用。是故我們所製作的電容器以二氧化矽添加三氧化二鐵後高頻值其Cp值、D值較小，是適合於高頻需求的應用上。We report on the study of high frequency dielectric spetra. On the capacitance, it is made by mnyself. At various mixed ratio value of Fe?O? pius Sio?. In order to understand the frequency capacitance value Cp and tangent loss energy analysis D. The results of our work provide a large of low frequency in o Hz TO 60 Hz in Cp and D. It is obviously descend a small various frequence is 60 Hz to 1000Hz. From reference, we know capacitance energy loss factor is a purpose of suitable an insulator rule. In dielectric constant. We hope a low dielectric value and high capacitance. Even it is a small distance. For example TV. Radio. Etc. it is used to high frequency. So we made a capacitance in difference of Fe?o? pius Sio?. To provide the Cp and D. the value is small. So it can be used in high frequence demand.

三軸向六自由度動感平台（六軸平台）或稱史都華平台，最常見的用途是做為訓練用途的飛行模擬器或是娛樂用途的動感電影院。然而較鮮為人知的也被用於模擬地震來作為防震研究。六軸平台利用六支線性致動器的伸縮來控制平台姿態與加速度以製造出地震模擬波動來模擬地震。地震研究和人類生活最直接關係的就是房子的耐震研究。耐震取決於建築結構形狀及所使用之材料；結構決定了整個房子吸收或消除震盪能量的方式。本專題即是利用平台模擬集集地震和阪神地震來測試各種材料相同但結構不同之建築結構拓樸，以控制變因法來分析討論各種結構拓樸的耐震能力，把結構所能承受的最大相對振幅為數據做分析。本專題之部份研究亦參與2004年國家地震研究中心所舉辦之抗震盃競賽。 Three Axis Six Degree Of Freedom Motion Platforms, also named the Stewart Platform, are usually used for flight simulator in training purpose or for motion- theater in entertainment. Yet, the use of motion platform in earthquake simulation is rarely known in public. The motion platform uses 6 linear actuators to control position and acceleration to simulate earthquake. The direct connection between human life and earthquake research is to study quake-resistance of buildings. The quake-resistance depends on the structure and the material of the buildings. The structure decides how the building absorbs and/or eliminates the shaking energy. This project studies how different structure topologies stand in the simulated earthquake generated by a motion platform. Controlling factors method is utilized to discuss the quake-resistance of different structures. Data of the maximal resisted acceleration are also analyzed. A part of this research also participates in “IDEERS” contest held by the National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE).

本研究以結構穩定、能溶於水，並會影響人體生長發育的固醇類激素──副腎上腺皮質激素作為探討對象，嘗試了解此類之類固醇類激素對植物的生長發育是否有影響。結果發現無論是雙子葉的豆科植物或是單子葉的禾本科植物，其根、莖、葉的生長皆會受到激素的抑制，且出現激素濃度越高，抑制情形越顯著的情形。此外，統計學的結果顯示，類固醇會蓄積在植物體內，造成累積性的抑制作用，此現象和動物使用過量類固醇類激素時產生之副作用十分相似。 The present study investigates the effect of cortical sterile on the growth of plants. The results show that it has effect on both dicotyledons and monocotyledons in the roots, stems and leaves. It is also shown that the higher the concentration, the more marked suppression of their growth. Statistical analyses suggest a cumulative effect, which has also been found of overdoes of cortical sterile on animals.

本研究目的在探索不同大小之氣泡在不同黏滯性液體中運動情形。實驗結果發現大氣泡向上運動的速度較大，其下方會漸漸向內凹。並且觀察到氣泡間結合時的相互作用：氣泡在相同黏滯性膠水中上升時，若下方氣泡體積較大，其較快的速率會使距離縮短。此時小氣泡的下半向內凹，大氣泡的下半則向外呈現流線型尖端並且在接近小氣泡時速率增加，最後與小氣泡結合。若上方氣泡體積很小，與下方大氣泡的距離縮短至相互貼合，小氣泡會先停留在大氣泡的上半表面，再沿大氣泡表面下滑至大氣泡的下半才與大氣泡結合。This research traces the motions of bubble with different volume in viscid liquid. The experimental results show that the bigger bubble rises at faster speed. The shape of the small bubble is round. As the volume of the bubble increases, it turns hamburger-like. And if the bubble is big enough, its underside would be concaved. In viscid liquid, the speed of the bubble is not smooth but waved. The smaller the bubble is, the more the variation in speed is. The interaction of two bubbles is also studied. There are two types of the combination of two bubbles. While the big one closes to the small one, it is accelerated. The underside of the small one becomes concave. And the big one becomes streamline shape. If the difference in volume between two bubbles is significant, the small one slides along the surface of the big one, and goes into the concave beneath it, then combines with it.

(a) Purpose of Research To investigate the wave conditions offshore along the South African coast to determine wave heights, intervals, and patterns. These results have demonstrated the power potential of ocean waves and identified sites for offshore power stations. The waves off of the South African coast are the most viable, as they have wave heights of between 2.7m (9ft) and 14.6m (48ft). It is also to assist in the development of my power station design, through research into offshore wave composition, principles, periods and characteristics. (b) Procedures I have used various calculations including the surface pressure of salt water per square meter to calculate the potential power produced by a buoy. These figures have been expressed in Kilowatt Hours, and are then able to be divided by the known consumption of a single USA household in 1 year. A figure of the amount of households that can be supplied by a single generator will then be reached. An approximate power output for a single buoy is between 200 and 300 homes per year (Dependant on wave height) A concept for a maintenance free electrical generator suitable for marine use has been investigated. The design will be made as: ● A working demonstration model capable of producing electricity, which consists of a Rotary Induction Generator, ● a scale model to show the appearance of one such generator & ● A large scale model to show how generators can be congregated to form a power station offshore. (c) Data Utilising the calculations of potential power output and the wave data, the financial viability of the generator has been calculated, in relation to current fossil fuel power stations, down to a cost per Kilowatt. Wave data from international marine monitoring websites that provide real time wave condition graphs, have been tracked by myself daily for over 1 month and recorded to provide a large data resource. This provides wave heights of multiple weather systems as well as averages. Costs have been investigated from Internet sources for electrical integration to the national power grid, as well as the generator manufacture. These are estimates, as the exact specifications of my device cannot be finalised without further prototypical research. (d) Conclusion With conclusions reached by thorough research into wave dynamics, weather patterns and their effects on wave heights, Rotary induction power generation and costs related to multiple power systems, I intend to demonstrate fully to the International Electrical Producers, that coal fired power plants are more costly and environmentally damaging than my revolutionary concept for a truly economically viable, ocean based generator system.

Purpose Every fall, I collect highbush cranberries (Viburnum edule) to make jelly. In 2012, for the first time, I observed highbush cranberry leaves covered in striking patterns of raised purple dots (telia) caused by the pathogenic rust fungus Puccinia linkii. I investigated the distribution and effects of this rust for several reasons: little is known about P. linkii, highbush cranberries are an important food source for wildlife and people, and foliar pathogens may increase with climate change in sub-boreal forests. First, I investigated the patterns of telia within plants. Second, I compared the variation in infection severity among plants, hypothesising that younger plants, those in dense populations, and those in low-elevation riparian areas would be most infected. Finally, I studied the effects of P. linkii on its host, hypothesising that highly infected plants would produce fewer berries and produce berries with less sugar, and that infected leaves would die sooner. Procedures This study investigated P. linkii in mixed coniferous-deciduous forest sites near Smithers, British Columbia. I marked a total of 41 randomly-selected focal V. edule plants in four sites. To examine within-plant patterns of infection, I photographed four leaves of each plant and used a graphic analysis program to examine the size, density and coverage of telia. To assess among-plant patterns, I compared infection severity (5 classes of telia coverage), to three ecological variables: host density within 5m, position on a moisture gradient, and plant maturity. To investigate the effects of P. linkii on its host, I compared infection severity to the number of berries produced, the proportion of malformed and infected berries, and the sugar content of mature berries as measured with a handheld refractometer. I measured leaf mortality in fall. Results P. linkii produced a characteristic pattern within each plant: higher leaves consistently had fewer but bigger telia than lower leaves. Across sites, plants were significantly more infected in areas of high host density. Within sites, young plants and plants and in moister ecosystems were significantly more infected (increases of 1.1 ± 0.2; F1,128=44.8, P

此研究的目的是要設計出一套完整編輯顯現數學式、加以計算，並求出解的一套方法與成品。而這項工作的執行者，在此稱之Equatetor 。一般的數學式子，若要計算的話，普通的計算機是不足夠的。原因是它們沒有辦法表現出數學式的「原貌」，例如分號、指數、函數、根號等數學符號混在一起時的情況。於是，我便擬定了一個研究，希望設計出一套更方便且實用的方法。換句話說，我要設計出一個功能強大的工程計算機程式。其中，自然牽扯到數學式子的顯現方式（以MathML 實現），以及計算機科學的演算法及資料結構。我主要的目的有四：(1) 顯示數學式(2) 方便編輯數學式(3) 計算數學式(4) 處理可以以不同形式輸出解答的計算（如輸出分數、根號、函數解等）。研究結果中，成功地運用XML 中的MathML 與二分逼近分數等演算法及若干資料結構，達到了以下實用的幾點：(1) 結構化的數學式編輯(2) 完整地顯示數學式(3) 正確運算並輸出運算式的答案(4) 提供一般數學形式之解（非小數之解）;The object of this study is to design a method and processor which is able to edit, display a mathematical expression representing a number, calculate and output the answer. The executor of this task is called Equatetor. Normal calculators are not adequate for this kind of task. The main reason is that they can’t reveal the original expression, such as fractions, radicals, exponents or mathematic functions. Therefore, a simple and convenient method is needed. To perform the possible way of handling those tasks, a computer program has been written. Several techniques were used, such as MathML, computing algorithms, data structures, and so on. Following are main purposes: (1) Displaying mathematical expressions. (2) Editing mathematical expressions simply. (3) Calculating mathematical expressions. (4) Outputting the answers(in different expressions). And the achievements:(1) Structured methods of editing of mathematical expressions. (2) Displaying mathematical expressions completely. (3) Calculating mathematical expressions precisely. (4) Offering answers in different expressions.

This study investigates the possibility that “Digital Buses” would actually be used in real life. In addition to the basic mathematics knowledge that I have acquired over the years, I have used “Microsoft Visual Basic” and “LEGO ROBOLAB SOFTWARE” to implement the idea as a program. It simulates the way in which a digital bus travels in a city with a rectangular grid. Various plans are tested to find the best paths for providing the most efficient, convenient and speedy transportation. This study has not only shown that “Digital Buses” are sure to be used in a modern city when wireless communication networks has developed to a certain point, but also supplied a framework for future researchers who may wish to study the optimal way in which more than one digital buses could efficiently run in cities according to their population distributions and road arguments, in order to overcome the traffic problems from the current bus systems. 本研究探討數位公車在人類未來生活中實際運行的可行性。本人以所學的數學知識進行公車路徑規劃，並透過「樂高機器人控制系統」以及Microsoft Visual Basic 軟體程式之撰寫，在棋盤式城市區域中模擬公車行駛情境，靈活搭配各種方案找出最佳路徑，達到便利快捷的高運輸效能。本研究顯示當現代化都市無線通訊網路發達到一定的程度時，數位公車的發展是可以預期的。本研究之結果可提供後續研究者繼續探討多台數位公車在實際都市中依人口分佈、道路狀況來規劃最佳行駛路徑，以解決現今機械公車無法克服之繁雜交通困境。

In the last two decades, there has been increased interest in the utility of quantum scale semiconductors. These fluorescent single crystals can be as small as 1 nm in diameter, and their size and shape has been shown to be controlled by the duration, temperature, and ligand molecules used in their synthesis. Quantum dots, provide clear benefits over the organic dyes currently used for tracking biological processes. Yet, as the production of quantum dots is often very costly, the search continues for finding an industry-ready synthesis for a quantum scale semiconductor which would have high yield, optimal durability, high luminescence, and a broad absorbance range. Silicon, in particular, has been of great interest as it is the second most abundant element on the Earth’s crust and is generally a bioinert and electrochemically stable element. We report the synthesis of water-soluble, luminescent silicon nanoparticles with potential applications to bioimaging. Through a solution state top-down approach, the synthesis of hydrogen capped silicon nanoparticles was achieved in various organic solvents. The surface of the nanoparticles was capped with the functional organic molecules rendering the Si-QDs both air and water stable. Cell studies performed with our silicon nanoparticles and human monocytes show the direct applications these particles could have for tracking biological processes and the progression of cancer in the human body. In attempt to shift the luminescence of these particles, alterations of experimental methodology was also explored in the areas of reaction solvent and heating time. Through these changes, shape control of silicon nanoparticles was achieved in the form of silicon nanorods. The synthesis of this new shape of silicon at the quantum scale was confirmed by ultraviolet spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and transmission electron microscopy. The results of this study indicate that the use of silicon nanocrystals for biomedical applications is feasible.

NO.59-04 2020 AUG | 科學研習期刊目錄 本期專題 核心素養與數學素養 數學領域核心素養與數學素養之我見 | 李源順 咖啡豆的數據分析 | 洪士薰 燈謎與數學 | 李祐宗 有數學感的教與學：以比較型問題為例 | 李源順 教學現場 個案小學教師在理財情境中數學素養的專業成長 | 湯永麟 素養導向的數學課室樣貌―以國小「比與比值」的教學為例 | 溫世展 12年國教精神在國小數學課室之實踐樣貌 | 陳玉珊 從數學奠基進教室談素養教學─以「棋奕三視圖」為例 | 林柏寬 科學新知 單淘汰賽中的數學－高中數學的探究與實作 | 張宮明 摺出畢氏數 | 林靖捷 透過摺紙也可以學數學推理 | 譚克平 特約專欄 以建築為主題的跨領域探究學習 | 劉淑雯、陳韻如、褚希雯 炫光手持木鋼琴STEAM創意課程 | 儲述傑、丁于真、黃琴扉 下雨了「梅」？ | 江鈞、李竑慶、呂奕勳、林育慎、侯宜妤、林威帆、王嘉琪 森棚教官數學題 全數出動 | 游森棚 科普活動報導 週日閱讀科學大師 讓科學普及不再是夢想 | 李旺龍 讓思考可見－探究式教學遊戲化策略 | 陳佩雯、呂玉環、程詩婷、顏慈瑤、蘇萬生 「全國大專暨高中青年物理辯論競賽」真的只是物理辯論? | 余進忠、蘇萬生 總召集人的話 12年國教課綱強調透過各學習領域的分工與合作培養學生的「核心素養」，在分工上數學學習領域旨在培養學生「數學領域核心素養」和/或「數學素養」。本期特別以「核心素養與數學素養」為專題。 「本期專題」單元共有四篇文章，〈數學領域核心素養與數學素養之我見〉解說「數學領域核心素養」和「數學數養」個別定義與兩者關係。人工智慧很適合用來發展瑕疵咖啡生豆的挑選法，〈咖啡豆的數據分析〉即介紹如何使用簡單工具、運用高中數學中的知識，讓學生動手實作體驗數據分析與人工智慧。 〈燈謎與數學〉分享51則供讀者自學或教學的參考的數學燈謎。〈有數學感的教與學：以比較型問題為例〉介紹如何透過學生的親身經驗等，了解比較型問題的意義，以培養帶得走的能力，以及學習數學的感覺。 「教學現場」單元也刊登四篇文章，〈個案小學教師在理財情境中數學素養的專業成長〉分享一位小學老師在理財情境中數學素養之專業成長的探究經驗。〈素養導向的數學課室樣貌―以國小「比與比值」的教學為例〉分享自行設計的「比和比值」教學活動，結合數學感理論的數學課室實踐。〈12年國教精神在國小數學課室之實踐樣貌〉分享在施教「基準量和比較量」單元時，讓學生透過「同儕間『抓』出『錯』誤之處」的「抓錯」活動經驗。〈從數學奠基進教室談素養教學─以「棋奕三視圖」為例〉則分享以「棋奕三視圖」為例的數學奠基進教室活動經驗。 「科學新知」單元刊登三篇文章，〈單淘汰賽程安排中的數學〉分享在國內及國際獲獎專題研究「單淘汰制賽程分析」中的數學。〈摺出畢氏數〉分享「摺出畢氏數」課程、教具以及「畢氏數書籤」作品。〈透過摺紙也可以學數學推理〉介紹和數學推理有關的四個摺紙基本技巧。 「特約專欄」單元刊登四篇文章，〈跨領域課程發展與教學實踐初探〉分享作者和某國小合作推動跨領域課程發展與教學實踐的理念和作法。〈炫光手持木鋼琴STEAM創意課程〉分享可帶入STEAM實作、實現跨領域的知識統整與 應用的炫光手持木鋼琴教學活動。〈下雨了「梅」？〉探討梅雨季未來的降雨變化趨勢，並傳達氣候變遷下應有的防災資訊。〈森棚教官數學題：全數出動〉拋出1,11,111……分別被同一數值除後的餘數問題。 「科普活動報導」單元刊登三篇文章，〈週日閱讀科學大師 讓科學普及不再是夢想〉介紹在科技部資助下已辦理17年的「週日閱讀科學大師」活動。〈讓思考可見－探究式教學遊戲化策略〉介紹強調如何去形塑和看到學生的思考歷程、激發學生學習動機及擴展學生思考界線的探究式教學之遊戲化策略。〈「全國大專暨高中青年物理辯論競賽」真的只是物理辯論?〉則介紹每年五月舉辦的辯論競賽如何進行。 總召編輯委員 - 李隆盛 關於本刊 出版單位：國立臺灣科學教育館 發行人：陳雪玉 總召集人：李隆盛 編輯委員： 物理科吳仲卿/陳耀榮/李柏翰/盧玉玲 | 化學科古建國/許良榮/王伯昌/林如章/周金城 | 生物科王美芬/蕭世輝/陳建志/郭淑妙 | 地球科學許民陽/王郁軒/李文禮/謝隆欽 科技科張玉山/汪殿杰/林育沖/趙珩宇 | 數學科李源順/鄧家駿/溫世展/張宮明 | 跨領域學科李名揚/連信仲 | 特約專欄 游森棚/黃琴扉/陳正改/劉淑雯 策劃：曾聰邦 主編：吳中益 本月專題特約主編：李源順 編輯：陳敬予/張宇茜 網頁設計編輯：施曉恬/張宇茜 投稿規範請來信詢問：article@mail.ntsec.gov.tw

Earthquakes are results of rapid sliding of two crystal blocks around fault inducing seismic motions. Huge disasters caused by large earthquakes as the Ji-Ji Earthquakes occurred on 21* September 1999 show importance of earthquakes forecast. In our country and foreign countries , there appeared not a small number of reports suggesting there are clear precursors of ground water and electro- magnetic changes amount other numerous phenomena. Recently there are reports that point out the possibilities to investigate slight motion of ground water near active faults using electro- magnetic instruments. In order to investigate the problem more in detail a simple laboratory experiment is designed to study the electric field induced by the simulated water flow. The electric field changes are compared with at without water flow. It is shown that there appeared electric potential changes of an order larger than measurement limits water motion during earthquakes occurrence process, and that monitoring the flow of ground water near active faults is useful method in the earthquake prediction.近年來科學家從事地震研究，發現地震前斷層附近地下水流以及電磁場會發生變化。但或因位置不確定，或因變化量甚小而不易量測。本研究真對上述地震預警中兩項重要的關鍵 - 水及電，嘗試製作電極，並利用室內模擬地下水流動而野外斷層的電位量測，檢測斷層活動期間電場的變化。其結果顯示，當地下水因地殼受擠壓而流動時，可明顯觀察到電場的變化。這表示借由本實驗測量地震前發生的電位變化，可監測地震前版塊應力的改變，進而提供地震可能發生的資訊。