瓦斯熱水爐使用大火時廢氣的CO 濃度非常高是導致一氧化碳中毒事件的關鍵原因，要解決這個問題觸媒轉化是一種可行的方式。影響觸媒性能的因素中以活性中心的種類最為重要，我們發現對轉化一氧化碳為二氧化碳的反應而言鈷有最好的催化效果，其次分別為：鎳、銅、鐵。最好的載體是三氧化二鋁，鈷的含量使用10％，煅燒溫度使用300℃可兼顧性能與成本。 本研究中所研發的 Co/Al2O3 觸媒具備有實用的潛力，可以在空間速度高達1000min-1 的情況下將濃度14,632ppm 的CO 百分之百轉化為CO2，而僅需233℃的反應溫度。因此，應該可以應用在瓦斯熱水爐上以降低一氧化碳中毒的風險。 The incorrect usage of a natural gas powered water heater always generates high carbon monoxide concentration in a closed environment. The dangerous CO gas can be fatal to the careless user of the water heater. Catalytic conversion of CO to CO2 can be a convenient method to solve this problem. The effect of the support, the supported metal, loading of the metal, reaction temperature, gas concentration, and reactants flow rate on the performance of the CO oxidation catalysts have been investigated. X-ray diffraction, gas adsorption and Infrared spectroscopy were applied to study the characteristics of catalysts. A 100% conversion of CO to CO2 can be achieved when 1.46% CO/6% oxygen/N2 reactants was catalyzed by a 10% Co/Al2O3 catalyst at 233℃ with a space velocity of 1000min-1 . This reaction condition is sufficient to remove the entire CO generated by a family-sized natural gas water heater.

本研究以高頻阻抗分析儀，針對自製的電容器，以不同比率的三氧化二鐵加二氧化矽混合後所製成的電容器，對頻率、電容直及正切損耗能量直從事研究。實驗結果發現，在低頻率直到60Hz以內，其 Cp及D值變化非常大，明顯的下降，60Hz到1000Hz Cp及D值變化很小。由參考資料中電容器中的損失因數是介電材料是否適合於絕緣材料用途之最基本的準則，一般均希望具有低介電率。即使在最小的空間內也希望有高電容值，如電視、收音機中在介電材料的高頻應用。是故我們所製作的電容器以二氧化矽添加三氧化二鐵後高頻值其Cp值、D值較小，是適合於高頻需求的應用上。We report on the study of high frequency dielectric spetra. On the capacitance, it is made by mnyself. At various mixed ratio value of Fe?O? pius Sio?. In order to understand the frequency capacitance value Cp and tangent loss energy analysis D. The results of our work provide a large of low frequency in o Hz TO 60 Hz in Cp and D. It is obviously descend a small various frequence is 60 Hz to 1000Hz. From reference, we know capacitance energy loss factor is a purpose of suitable an insulator rule. In dielectric constant. We hope a low dielectric value and high capacitance. Even it is a small distance. For example TV. Radio. Etc. it is used to high frequency. So we made a capacitance in difference of Fe?o? pius Sio?. To provide the Cp and D. the value is small. So it can be used in high frequence demand.

NO.59-04 2020 AUG | 科學研習期刊目錄 本期專題 核心素養與數學素養 數學領域核心素養與數學素養之我見 | 李源順 咖啡豆的數據分析 | 洪士薰 燈謎與數學 | 李祐宗 有數學感的教與學：以比較型問題為例 | 李源順 教學現場 個案小學教師在理財情境中數學素養的專業成長 | 湯永麟 素養導向的數學課室樣貌―以國小「比與比值」的教學為例 | 溫世展 12年國教精神在國小數學課室之實踐樣貌 | 陳玉珊 從數學奠基進教室談素養教學─以「棋奕三視圖」為例 | 林柏寬 科學新知 單淘汰賽中的數學－高中數學的探究與實作 | 張宮明 摺出畢氏數 | 林靖捷 透過摺紙也可以學數學推理 | 譚克平 特約專欄 以建築為主題的跨領域探究學習 | 劉淑雯、陳韻如、褚希雯 炫光手持木鋼琴STEAM創意課程 | 儲述傑、丁于真、黃琴扉 下雨了「梅」？ | 江鈞、李竑慶、呂奕勳、林育慎、侯宜妤、林威帆、王嘉琪 森棚教官數學題 全數出動 | 游森棚 科普活動報導 週日閱讀科學大師 讓科學普及不再是夢想 | 李旺龍 讓思考可見－探究式教學遊戲化策略 | 陳佩雯、呂玉環、程詩婷、顏慈瑤、蘇萬生 「全國大專暨高中青年物理辯論競賽」真的只是物理辯論? | 余進忠、蘇萬生 總召集人的話 12年國教課綱強調透過各學習領域的分工與合作培養學生的「核心素養」，在分工上數學學習領域旨在培養學生「數學領域核心素養」和/或「數學素養」。本期特別以「核心素養與數學素養」為專題。 「本期專題」單元共有四篇文章，〈數學領域核心素養與數學素養之我見〉解說「數學領域核心素養」和「數學數養」個別定義與兩者關係。人工智慧很適合用來發展瑕疵咖啡生豆的挑選法，〈咖啡豆的數據分析〉即介紹如何使用簡單工具、運用高中數學中的知識，讓學生動手實作體驗數據分析與人工智慧。 〈燈謎與數學〉分享51則供讀者自學或教學的參考的數學燈謎。〈有數學感的教與學：以比較型問題為例〉介紹如何透過學生的親身經驗等，了解比較型問題的意義，以培養帶得走的能力，以及學習數學的感覺。 「教學現場」單元也刊登四篇文章，〈個案小學教師在理財情境中數學素養的專業成長〉分享一位小學老師在理財情境中數學素養之專業成長的探究經驗。〈素養導向的數學課室樣貌―以國小「比與比值」的教學為例〉分享自行設計的「比和比值」教學活動，結合數學感理論的數學課室實踐。〈12年國教精神在國小數學課室之實踐樣貌〉分享在施教「基準量和比較量」單元時，讓學生透過「同儕間『抓』出『錯』誤之處」的「抓錯」活動經驗。〈從數學奠基進教室談素養教學─以「棋奕三視圖」為例〉則分享以「棋奕三視圖」為例的數學奠基進教室活動經驗。 「科學新知」單元刊登三篇文章，〈單淘汰賽程安排中的數學〉分享在國內及國際獲獎專題研究「單淘汰制賽程分析」中的數學。〈摺出畢氏數〉分享「摺出畢氏數」課程、教具以及「畢氏數書籤」作品。〈透過摺紙也可以學數學推理〉介紹和數學推理有關的四個摺紙基本技巧。 「特約專欄」單元刊登四篇文章，〈跨領域課程發展與教學實踐初探〉分享作者和某國小合作推動跨領域課程發展與教學實踐的理念和作法。〈炫光手持木鋼琴STEAM創意課程〉分享可帶入STEAM實作、實現跨領域的知識統整與 應用的炫光手持木鋼琴教學活動。〈下雨了「梅」？〉探討梅雨季未來的降雨變化趨勢，並傳達氣候變遷下應有的防災資訊。〈森棚教官數學題：全數出動〉拋出1,11,111……分別被同一數值除後的餘數問題。 「科普活動報導」單元刊登三篇文章，〈週日閱讀科學大師 讓科學普及不再是夢想〉介紹在科技部資助下已辦理17年的「週日閱讀科學大師」活動。〈讓思考可見－探究式教學遊戲化策略〉介紹強調如何去形塑和看到學生的思考歷程、激發學生學習動機及擴展學生思考界線的探究式教學之遊戲化策略。〈「全國大專暨高中青年物理辯論競賽」真的只是物理辯論?〉則介紹每年五月舉辦的辯論競賽如何進行。 總召編輯委員 - 李隆盛 關於本刊 出版單位：國立臺灣科學教育館 發行人：陳雪玉 總召集人：李隆盛 編輯委員： 物理科吳仲卿/陳耀榮/李柏翰/盧玉玲 | 化學科古建國/許良榮/王伯昌/林如章/周金城 | 生物科王美芬/蕭世輝/陳建志/郭淑妙 | 地球科學許民陽/王郁軒/李文禮/謝隆欽 科技科張玉山/汪殿杰/林育沖/趙珩宇 | 數學科李源順/鄧家駿/溫世展/張宮明 | 跨領域學科李名揚/連信仲 | 特約專欄 游森棚/黃琴扉/陳正改/劉淑雯 策劃：曾聰邦 主編：吳中益 本月專題特約主編：李源順 編輯：陳敬予/張宇茜 網頁設計編輯：施曉恬/張宇茜 投稿規範請來信詢問：article@mail.ntsec.gov.tw

掃描式穿隧顯微鏡(Scanning Tunneling Microscope)，是在奈米尺度下觀察物體表面的一大利器。但一台精密的STM，造價動輒數百萬元新台幣，本研究嘗試利用簡單、便宜的材料，製作一台簡易的掃描式穿隧顯微鏡。眾所皆知：掃描式穿隧顯微鏡的關鍵，就是量子力學中的穿隧效應原理，及壓電材料的應用，所以這些主題都是本實驗涉及的內容。除此之外，我們也運用簡單的物理原理，取代價格高昂的儀器，例如：利用彈簧代替昂貴的避震系統等。此研究利用穿隧效應的原理，並進而利用電腦得知樣品表面的結構，以達顯微鏡觀察分析物體之功用。 ;The major purpose of our project is to assemble a simple scanning tunneling microscopy with cheap and available materials for ordinary senior high school students. For example, we use springs for damping instead of electromotive force device. Weweld all the electronic circuit boards for ourselves in order to not only lower the cost but also inspect the inner structure more clearly and precisely. After the microscopy is assembled, we will use it as an appliance to observe the samples of nano-particles. We must repeat this procedure several times so as to make sure that the images we’ve gained is true, not just some disturbances produced by the environment. Finally, the microscopy can be applied to research fields as well as academic courses.

去氧核糖核酸水解?，(deoxyribonuclease,簡稱DNase)為一種核酸內切?。目前研究得最透徹的去氧核糖核酸水解?為牛胰臟的DNase I，有四種以上的同功?存在。而牛和雞的DNA序列有極高的相似度，由之前的研究中在等電點焦集電泳法顯示雞胰臟DNase I 具A、B 兩種同功?，本實驗則希望能進一步了解兩種同功?的差異原因。在抽取RNA 後，以RT-PCR 方法合成cDNA，將其以限制?切割，再以大腸桿菌作為載體進行轉殖及繁殖培養，最後將其DNA 定序後進行分析比較。目前已完成第一次定序，但因引子接合過程中有部分位置錯亂造成殖體無法進行表現。另外在此次所得之序列中有發現一個胺基酸的轉變，而其是否為多型性之表現則有待進一步的實驗證實。The most advanced research on deoxyribonuclease in current states is on the bovine pancreatic DNase I, more than four of which isoforms have been found. It is shown that the DNA sequences of chicken and bovine have relatively high similarity. In addition, according to the result of isoelectric focusing from previous researches, chicken pancreatic DNaseI has two isoforms (A and B.) In this research, the author expects to establish more knowledge on the differences on the isoforms and the causes. After receiving the RNA, the RT-PCR is preformed to incorporate the cDNA, which is later cleaved by restriction enzyme and inserted into the plasmid DNA of the E. coli host cell to be cloned. So far a polynucleotide sequence has been deduced from clones of the cDNA, but it cannot be expressed successfully in E.coli due to few random mistaken splicing. There is an alternation of one amino acid, and whether it is the actual state of isoform or not still requires further proof.

想像一下，原來固定的一個黑色大正方形(以下我們簡稱S1)四個角經過較小之正方形(以下簡稱S2)遮蓋後旋轉，為什麼會有放大縮小的感覺呢?(圖一) 我們猜測這是因為未被遮蓋部分(以下簡稱S3)的面積改變了，所造成的結果。令S1的邊長為 r，S2的一個小正方形邊長為n，k=r-n，θ為旋轉角度，我們實際算出了旋轉角度θ對S3的面積函數，

Mathematics and music are two poles of human culture. Listening to music we get into the magic world of sounds. Solving problems we are immersed in strict space of numbers and we do not reflect that the world of sounds and space of numbers have been adjoining with each other for a long time. Interrelation of mathematics and music is one of the vital topics. It hasn’t been completely opened and investigated up to now. This is the point why it draws attention of a lot of scientists and mathematicians to itself. This is the point why it draws attention of a lot of scientists and mathematicians to itself. Having considered the value of these two sciences, it seems to us that they are completely non-comparable. In fact can there be a similarity between mathematics – the queen of all sciences, a symbol of wisdom and music – the most abstract kind of art? But if you peer deeply into it you can notice that the worlds of sounds and space of numbers have been adjoining with each other for a long time. In the work I will try to establish the connection between mathematics and music and to find their common elements, to analyze pieces of music with the help of laws and concepts of mathematics to find a secret of mastery of musicians using mathematics and also to investigate the connection of music with mathematics with the “research part”. They are my own calculations and researches which are an integral part of the work. The connection of mathematic and music is caused both historically and internally in spite of the fact that mathematics is the most abstract of sciences and music is the most abstract kind of art. V. Shafutinskiy, I. Matvienko, m. Fadeev, K. Miladze, Dominik the Joker – modern composers of the XXI century – have used the golden proportion only in 4% of their pieces of music and more often in romances or children’s songs. I have revealed this fact after investigating their pieces of music of different genres. However there is a question: why does modern music attracts all of us more but the classics is being forgotten? Investigating connection between mathematics and music I had come to the conclusion that the more deeply the piece of music gives in to the mathematical analysis, to research and submits to any mathematical laws, the more harmonious and fine its sounding is, the more it excites human soul. Besides I am convinced that many important, interesting and entertaining things have not been opened in this field. We can safely continue our research of these things. I think that I have managed to lift a veil over mathematics in music, to find something common for apparently incompatible science and art. In due time English mathematician D. Silvestre called music as mathematics of feelings, and mathematics – as music of intellect. He expressed hope that each of them should receive the end from the part of the other one. In the future he expected the occurrence of a person in which Beethoven and Gauss’ greatness would unite. Terms ‘science’ and ‘art’ practically didn’t differ during far times of antiquity. And though roads of mathematics and music have gone away since then music is penetrated with mathematics and mathematics is full of poetry and music!

微孔珊瑚是優良的生物氣候記錄器，可準確記錄海水表面水溫、陸源沉積物通量和其他微量海水組成等，已成為熱帶氣候變遷研究的重要工具。然而，珊瑚成長速率則顯著受限於海水表溫影響（邱景星，1999）。太陽是地表能量最主要來源，其活動狀態能深遠掌控地球氣候變化，因此其週期性變動規律，已成為近期地球科學家探討環境變遷的重要資訊。 本研究以台灣東南外海綠島採集的微孔珊瑚骨骼樣本，藉由X-ray精確測量其年平均生長速率及觀察骨骼內微量腐殖酸螢光特性，並透過比對太陽輻射量、珊瑚生長與太陽黑子數目的相關性分析，以推倒百年來控制地表氣候變遷的主要因素。 本研究經由頻譜分析、主變量計算、平均標準差和太陽輻射角修正，獲得正確太陽黑子數目、地區性輻射、海水表面溫度和珊瑚生長速率等資料，並討論其間的相互關係。 結果顯示，太陽輻射、海水表面溫度和氣溫有高度正相關（r2>0.62），證實太陽對地球氣候系統的重要性。太陽黑子與輻射資料，則因大氣折射、日照時數等因素影響，正設法解決這些干擾效應；而珊瑚生長速率與海水表面溫度的相關性，則涉及雙極化效應（註）及其他未知因素影響，尚待進一步釐清。 （註）：雙極化效應指珊瑚在過高或過低的環境下，生長速率皆會停止 The skeleton of Porites corals is one of the most useful biogenic recorders, which provide relevant information of abrupt climate change, such as sea surface temperatures (SSTs), riverine sedimentary flux, and seawater compositional variations. Information retrieved from coral skeleton, therefore, has become a powerful tool for studying tropical climate change. The annual growth rate of Porites corals, however, was affected strongly by local SSTs (Chiu, 1999). On the other hand, the climatic condition on Earth surface is regulated significantly by solar activity. Subsequently any intensity or periodicity variation in sunspot activity will cause major global environmental changes. This research aims to study coral skeleton collected from the Orchid Island (Lan-yu) offshore southeastern Taiwan for precise measurement of annual growth rate using X-ray density bands, as well as the luminous characteristics of trace humic acids in skeleton. A systematic comparison among solar irradiation, SSTs and coral growth rate will provide critical information on major factors that may affect environmental changes occurred during the last millennium. In this study, we apply spectrum analyses, principal component, mean standard error method, and modified sun irradiation angle to correct biases presented in the available data of observed sunspot number, local irradiation, SSTs and coral annual growth rate and to examine possible relationships among these factors. We have found excellent correlation coefficient (r2>0.62) in solar irradiation, SSTs and air-temperature, which support the importance of solar irradiation to the earth surface climate. However, effects on cloud and length of sun irradiation need further investigation to emphasize the importance of sunspot activity to the annual growth rate of Porites corals. No straight forward relationships were observed between coral growth rate and local SSTs due to complicated biological effect (1*) or other unknown factors, waits for further investigation in the near future. 1* Complicated biological effect means that coral may stop growing their skeletons when the temperature it lives in is over range for growth.

本研究目的在探索不同大小之氣泡在不同黏滯性液體中運動情形。實驗結果發現大氣泡向上運動的速度較大，其下方會漸漸向內凹。並且觀察到氣泡間結合時的相互作用：氣泡在相同黏滯性膠水中上升時，若下方氣泡體積較大，其較快的速率會使距離縮短。此時小氣泡的下半向內凹，大氣泡的下半則向外呈現流線型尖端並且在接近小氣泡時速率增加，最後與小氣泡結合。若上方氣泡體積很小，與下方大氣泡的距離縮短至相互貼合，小氣泡會先停留在大氣泡的上半表面，再沿大氣泡表面下滑至大氣泡的下半才與大氣泡結合。This research traces the motions of bubble with different volume in viscid liquid. The experimental results show that the bigger bubble rises at faster speed. The shape of the small bubble is round. As the volume of the bubble increases, it turns hamburger-like. And if the bubble is big enough, its underside would be concaved. In viscid liquid, the speed of the bubble is not smooth but waved. The smaller the bubble is, the more the variation in speed is. The interaction of two bubbles is also studied. There are two types of the combination of two bubbles. While the big one closes to the small one, it is accelerated. The underside of the small one becomes concave. And the big one becomes streamline shape. If the difference in volume between two bubbles is significant, the small one slides along the surface of the big one, and goes into the concave beneath it, then combines with it.

三軸向六自由度動感平台（六軸平台）或稱史都華平台，最常見的用途是做為訓練用途的飛行模擬器或是娛樂用途的動感電影院。然而較鮮為人知的也被用於模擬地震來作為防震研究。六軸平台利用六支線性致動器的伸縮來控制平台姿態與加速度以製造出地震模擬波動來模擬地震。地震研究和人類生活最直接關係的就是房子的耐震研究。耐震取決於建築結構形狀及所使用之材料；結構決定了整個房子吸收或消除震盪能量的方式。本專題即是利用平台模擬集集地震和阪神地震來測試各種材料相同但結構不同之建築結構拓樸，以控制變因法來分析討論各種結構拓樸的耐震能力，把結構所能承受的最大相對振幅為數據做分析。本專題之部份研究亦參與2004年國家地震研究中心所舉辦之抗震盃競賽。 Three Axis Six Degree Of Freedom Motion Platforms, also named the Stewart Platform, are usually used for flight simulator in training purpose or for motion- theater in entertainment. Yet, the use of motion platform in earthquake simulation is rarely known in public. The motion platform uses 6 linear actuators to control position and acceleration to simulate earthquake. The direct connection between human life and earthquake research is to study quake-resistance of buildings. The quake-resistance depends on the structure and the material of the buildings. The structure decides how the building absorbs and/or eliminates the shaking energy. This project studies how different structure topologies stand in the simulated earthquake generated by a motion platform. Controlling factors method is utilized to discuss the quake-resistance of different structures. Data of the maximal resisted acceleration are also analyzed. A part of this research also participates in “IDEERS” contest held by the National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE).

PPO 是一種含銅的多酚氧化? (E. C. 1. 14. 18. 1)，主要是將酚類 (phenol) 氧化成二酚類(diphenol)，更近一步的變成quinones，後者是一種不溶於水的褐色聚合物，在植物中造成褐化最主要原因，然而在人類皮膚則產生黑色素 (melanin)。我們提出有一種揮發性的抑制劑存在動植物體內，此種抑制劑會抑制生物體內PPO 的活性。植物在收成後，揮發性的抑制劑逐漸消失，導致內生性的PPO 活性逐漸上升，因此植物便會產生深褐色的斑點。在本研究中，我們以玉蘭花作為例子，以生化酵素動力實驗、部分純化黑色素抑制劑來解釋揮發性抑制劑在植物體內的存在及其作用，更進一步對水果快速褐化提出一種新的理論。研究發現PPO 的褐化反應就像是人體內酪氨酸? (tyrosinase) 的催化反應，酪氨酸?可以使人體產生黑色素而累積在皮膚上形成黑斑，利用〝人工皮膚〞模擬揮發性黑色素抑制物的作用，證明，防止PPO 抑制劑之揮發可能在未來美白保養品工業裡扮演一極具潛力的角色。Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) or tyrosinase (E.C. 1.14.18.1) is an important and ubiquitous enzyme responsible for browning in plants and melanization in animals. PPO is a copper-containing enzyme that catalyzes the chain-oxidation from monophenol or polyphenols to o-diphenols and subsequent o-quinones. The resulting quinones are large wate-insoluble polymers with dark brown color. We proposed that volatile inhibitors are associated with the plant PPO and block the PPO activity in vivo. While post-harvesting the volatile inhibitors evaporate, the endogenous PPO is then activated and therefore instantly produces dark quinone pigment. In the present study using magnolia flowers as an example, we show the presence of a potent volatile inhibitor(s) for PPO in plant. The novel finding clarifies the mechanism involved in the browning phenomenon of post-harvesting for most fruits. Since the PPO is also know present in human as tyrosinase responsible for the formation of “darkening spots” on skin, the finding of evaporation of potent PPO inhibitor may be potentially used as a strategy in developing a novel cosmetic product.

灰色理論近來廣泛應用於各行各業的管理資訊科學上，本研究乃應用灰色理論的一階微分中輸入變數為一項之 GM ( 1 , 1 ）模型，來預測台灣中部地區土石流主要因素雨量的月平均量值。本文運用三筆以上的歷史資料，作最近一年歷史性資料的預測，藉以驗證獲得其誤差（±△e）之校止參考依據值，比利用殘差檢驗所得的誤差校止數據，更能修止出精確的預測值，接著再做台灣中部雨量未來之預測，以作為未來雨水、土石流防治之參考 · 為了能迅速產生所要的灰色預測值，研究中並以 VB 程式語言及以Petri-net分析其動態處理行為，藉 GM ( 1 , 1 ）模型的專屬處理支援程式，以做為未來雨輦自動化處理警示與預測之支援機制。Recently Grey Theory has been widely applied to management information science in all kinds of areas. This research applies the first Level differential of the Grey Theory to put a variable in GM( 1,1) model to forecast the monthly average value of the most common precipitation, in the midland Taiwan earth-stone flood zone. This paper uses more than three historical data to forecast the most recent year’s historical data, which can be used to verify and acquire referential correction data of its errors ( ±△e). The aforementioned method can correct forecast data more precisely than the differential inspection. In addition, this method can then forecast future precipitation in midland Taiwan earth-stone flood zone and the results can serve as reference for future precipitation control. To rapidly receive the needed Grey forecast values, the research analyzes its dynamic process method by utilizing VB program and Petri-net to build a dedicated process-support program of GM( I , 1) model. This program will serve as a support mechanism for future automatic precipitation warning and forecast.