Skin cancer, including basal cell and squamous cell skin carcinoma, is known to\r be the most common cancer type. Skin cancer is thought to make up half of all known\r cancers. Over one million non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) are reported every year. \r Approximately 300,000 of these cases are squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). It is\r estimated that about 2,000 people die from NMSC each year. Of the two skin cancer\r types, SCC tends to be the more clinically aggressive and likely to spread and invade,\r typically by way of blood or lymphatic vessels. Understanding the signaling pathways\r in SCC cells that regulate invasion will be important for developing improved cancer\r treatments. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) protein is a\r central regulator of numerous cellular activities, including proliferation, survival, and\r motility. Stat3 also has enhanced activity in many cancers, including skin SCC. This\r study shows that Stat3 regulates several invasive properties in a human skin SCC cell culture model.\r HGF (hepatocyte growth factor)- induced cell schattering was assessed for\r SRB12-p9 cells (p9WT), a human skin SCC cell line, along with SRB12-p9 cells\r engineered to have reduced Stat3 activity. Next, a cell viability-based adhesion assay\r was performed with these cells. Finally, severe combined immunodeficient (SCID)\r mice were injected subcutaneously with P9WT and S3DN cells and tumors were\r measured twice weekly. Extracted tumors were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting for expression of the invasion related enzyme, MMP-2 and MMP-9.\r The suppression of Stat3 activity in S3DN cell lines resulted in reduced motility,\r greater adhesion, and a less invasive phenotype in SCID mice. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting indicated higher levels of MMPs in the P9WT cells with\r expression localization towards the outer perimeter of the tumors. This data suggests\r that Stat3 plays a role in skin SCC invasion and better understanding of Stat3 function\r could lead to improved treatment and prevention of the disease.

實驗室或化學工業製程所產生的廢水中常含有有毒物質，若未經處理直接排放而使河川的自淨能力無法負荷時，將對環境產生嚴重的危害。這些有毒物質包括強酸、強鹼、酚、氰化物及各種重金屬，依其污染物性質的不同，需利用各種不同的去除方法來達到預期的處理效果。近年來高分子合成技術的創新，使具有選擇性吸附的高分子型吸附劑，在去除水中有機物和重金屬上，已有突破性的發展。但此種吸附劑的價格過高，不符合經濟效益。因此，如何選擇一個適合的吸附劑，是一個值得深入研究的課題。常用的吸附劑有活性碳、粘土、矽石、兩性澱粉等。對於去除低濃度有機物或重金屬離子時，用一般處理方法較不經濟，且不易達到理想的去除效率，此時可利用吸附劑如界面活性劑或雜環族有機物等，以達到較高的去除效果。而吸附劑的選擇不但需考量吸附效果的優劣，吸附劑的來源是否容易取得，吸附反應時間的長短、飽和吸附量及吸附後廢棄物的後續處理問題等，都是必須考慮的因素。本研究利用豆渣作為吸附水溶液中重金屬的吸附劑，來探討豆渣在不同時間、不同粒徑下對水中重金屬鎘的吸附能力和去除效果。實驗結果發現：豆渣吸附時間在短時間即可達到吸附平衡，去除率在 60﹪至 75﹪左右；豆渣粒徑的大小會影響吸附能力，以 D4（0.250mm~0.061mm）效果最好，當粒徑較小時，其表面積較大所以吸附效果較好。另外，藉由 Langmuir 等溫吸附曲線可決定豆渣對鎘的最大吸附量。實驗中所使用之吸附劑（豆渣）與吸附質（重金屬－鎘）之吸附行為符合 Langmuir sorption isotherm equation，可得到一最大吸附量。

想像一下，原來固定的一個黑色大正方形(以下我們簡稱S1)四個角經過較小之正方形(以下簡稱S2)遮蓋後旋轉，為什麼會有放大縮小的感覺呢?(圖一) 我們猜測這是因為未被遮蓋部分(以下簡稱S3)的面積改變了，所造成的結果。令S1的邊長為 r，S2的一個小正方形邊長為n，k=r-n，θ為旋轉角度，我們實際算出了旋轉角度θ對S3的面積函數，

In this study, we mainly explore the geometric construction in 3D. By conducting some problems about constructing circles, we define the PLC construction in 2D as constructing a circle, either passing through a given point (P), tangent to a given line (L) or tangent to a given circle (C). Besides, we aim to discuss the properties of the PLC construction and the relations between each other. We discover if we find a plane satisfying certain conditions in space, the properties in the PLC construction can apply to such a plane. Furthermore, we extend the properties in PLC to the PES construction in 3D, defined as constructing a sphere, either passing through a given point (P), tangent to a given plane (E) or tangent to a given sphere (S). Also we discuss the relations among them.這個研究主要在探討3D 的尺規實作。藉由歸納某些有關作圓的題目，我們定義2D 中的PLC作圖─作圓，過已知點（P）、切已知線（L）、切已知圓（C）。並探討PLC 作圖的性質及彼此的關聯性。而我們發現：在空間中只要找到滿足特定條件的平面，則2D 幾何作圖性質在該平面仍能沿用。此外，運用PLC 作圖性質，我們進一步推廣到空間中的PES 作圖─作球，過已知點（P）、切已知面（E）、切已知球（S），並探討各個類型間的關聯性。

運用自製低頻噪音( The relations between vehicle average speed with low frequency engine exhaust noise(

This project aims to improve the quality of toilet hygiene. The product designed should fulfill the requirements of being an environmentally friendly, user friendly and economical toilet seat system which guarantees the safety and hygiene of the toilet. This project also aims to discover the efficiency of the toilet seat system in eliminating pathogens through conducting various experiments.\r In this project, the photocatalytic property of titanium dioxide is applied. When titanium dioxide is under exposure to ultraviolet radiation, they generate free radicals, which are efficient oxidizers of organic substances. Also, research has shown that the safest ultraviolet light used will be UVA. Thus, by using titanium dioxide paint under exposure to ultraviolet light to oxidize pathogens and toxins, the aims will be achieved. Other than that, experiments will be conducted to explore the efficiency of titanium dioxide under exposure to UV radiation in eliminating pathogens by counting the number of bacteria on the toilet seat system after different time intervals the seat system has been turned on.\r The procedure of constructing the product includes drafting the product, purchasing the appropriate apparatus and materials, constructing the prototype, and checking if the product fits the goals set. Lastly, improving the design based on the flaws found during the checking procedure, as well as checking the product to see if it fits the original goals set.\r The procedure of the experiments aimed to explore the efficiency of titanium dioxide under exposure to UV radiation in eliminating pathogens conducted includes\r counting the number of bacteria on the toilet seat system after different time intervals by inoculation of bacteria on the agar plates.\r Test results showed that the number of bacteria had a steady and notable decline after different time intervals. Results also showed that bacteria would be thoroughly terminated after the system had been turned on for at most one hour. The information was then used to set the delay timer to restrict the amount of time the ultraviolet lamp was turned on to save energy.\r Moreover, the toilet seat system has also been improved so that it will complete the automatic cleaning procedure even without the user lowering the toilet seat. This improvement was made so that the product could be more convenient to toilet users.\r The system also deodorizes the toilet as the oxidization of bacteria and organic substances reduces the putrid odor released by them when they carry out chemical reactions.\r In conclusion, the project succeeds in accomplishing the goals set and is capable of improving the quality of toilet hygiene, especially in common households. The project is also successful in finding out that the toilet seat system is efficient in eliminating pathogens.

線蟲為植物發生病蟲害感染的病源之一，而台灣的松樹，目前正面臨著松材線蟲入侵的危機。從文獻的探討中，發現線蟲有其自然界的天敵 － 線蟲捕捉菌。本實驗著重在探討線蟲捕捉菌特殊的捕捉機制。當線蟲捕捉菌附近出現線蟲時，會展生誘引線蟲的物質，並設計了一步步的實驗，去探討此誘引物質的捕蟲效能及其成分。現在，已經發現此誘引物質為一揮發性氣體。往後將會設法增加其誘引氣體的產量，並使用氣相層析儀分析之。最後希望可以將此物質應用到微生物防治上，期望能解決台灣松樹被線蟲感染的問題。 In Taiwan, all of the pine trees have one common problem - nematodes, which causes diseases in plants. And this experiment focuses on the nematodes’ natural enemy - nematophagous fungi and its “peculiarly caused mechanism.” When nematodes appear near nematophagous fungi, the latter will produce some substance to tempt the former. To investigate this alluring substance, a series of experiments are done and systematic steps are taken. The first finding is that this substance is a volatility gas. Later in this research, measures will be taken to make “rematophagous fungi” produce more of this gas. And “gas chromatograph” will be used to analyze this gas in the future. Finally, the possibility of applying this substance to the defensive measure of microbiology will be discussed.

Phosphodiestarase of subtype PDE IVb inhibitors are considered as perspective drugs for the treatment of the central nervous system disorders (depression, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease). Pyrrolizidinone Glaxo-1, proposed by GlaxoSmithKline, is a highly potent PDE IVb inhibitor (IC50 = 63 nM), then conventional phosphodiesterase inhibitors Ro-20-1724, Rolipram and Cilomilast. However the activity of the Glaxo-1 was studied on a racemic sample, since the asymmetric approach to its synthesis has not been developed. Therefore the purpose of this research was the development of an efficient synthetic scheme enabling enantioselective excess to both (-)- and (+)-Glaxo-1, which can be than subjected to biological studies. \r The key stage in proposed asymmetric synthesis (-)- and (+)-Glaxo-1 is stereoselective [4+2]-cycloaddition of the nitroolefin to an optically activity vinyl ethers, derived from (-)- or (+)-trans-2-phenylcyclohexanols. The resulting chiral cyclic nitronates are transformed into a functionalized cyclic oxime ethers using tandem sylilation-nucleophilic substitution procedure. Reduction and decarboxylation of these products lead to optically pure Glaxo-1 and the regeneration of chiral 2-phenylcyclohexanols (91%). \r Thus both enantiomers (+) and (-)-Glaxo-1 were obtained selectively in average yield 12% from isovaniline and nitroethane. The study of biological profiles of each enantiomer of Glaxo-1 will be conducted in near future.

在此研究中，我們用類似反演變換的方法，以一個定圓創立並證明了一種新的幾何變換，稱為 「調和變換」 · 我們得到點、直線、圓與圓錐曲線經過變換的關係 ·。1 .直線可以映射成原直線或一圓錐曲線 · 2.圓可以映射成一種特殊曲線。 3 .圓錐曲線可以映射成兩條圓錐曲線或一條圓錐曲線和一直線。此外我們還發現調和變換和反演變換的特殊關係 · 最後，由於調和變換可以簡化圓錐曲線的關係，我們將調和變換應用在行星輾些的證明上，並得到了良好的結果。In this research, we use a method similar to the inversion to establish a new geometric transformation, called harmonic transformation, by a fixed circle O, we prove some of its properties. We have gotten the relationship among points. lines, circs, conies and their images: 1 .The image of a line is a conic or a line itself. 2.Thc image of a circle is a special category of curve. 3.The image of a conic with its focus at the center of O is two conies or a line and a conic. Further mote, we also find the special connection between harmonic transformation and inversion. Finally, since the harmonic transformation can simplify the conic, we apply the harmonic transformation to identify the orbit of a planet, and obtain a nice conclusion.

瓦斯熱水爐使用大火時廢氣的CO 濃度非常高是導致一氧化碳中毒事件的關鍵原因，要解決這個問題觸媒轉化是一種可行的方式。影響觸媒性能的因素中以活性中心的種類最為重要，我們發現對轉化一氧化碳為二氧化碳的反應而言鈷有最好的催化效果，其次分別為：鎳、銅、鐵。最好的載體是三氧化二鋁，鈷的含量使用10％，煅燒溫度使用300℃可兼顧性能與成本。 本研究中所研發的 Co/Al2O3 觸媒具備有實用的潛力，可以在空間速度高達1000min-1 的情況下將濃度14,632ppm 的CO 百分之百轉化為CO2，而僅需233℃的反應溫度。因此，應該可以應用在瓦斯熱水爐上以降低一氧化碳中毒的風險。 The incorrect usage of a natural gas powered water heater always generates high carbon monoxide concentration in a closed environment. The dangerous CO gas can be fatal to the careless user of the water heater. Catalytic conversion of CO to CO2 can be a convenient method to solve this problem. The effect of the support, the supported metal, loading of the metal, reaction temperature, gas concentration, and reactants flow rate on the performance of the CO oxidation catalysts have been investigated. X-ray diffraction, gas adsorption and Infrared spectroscopy were applied to study the characteristics of catalysts. A 100% conversion of CO to CO2 can be achieved when 1.46% CO/6% oxygen/N2 reactants was catalyzed by a 10% Co/Al2O3 catalyst at 233℃ with a space velocity of 1000min-1 . This reaction condition is sufficient to remove the entire CO generated by a family-sized natural gas water heater.

1. Purpose of research \r To investigate the feasibility of using municipal cellulosic wastes as feedstock for production of biochar in pyrolysis, the effects of metal catalysts in pyrolysis, and the applicability of the produced biochar as a fertilizer\r 2. Procedures \r A. Investigation into the characteristics of (metal catalyzed) pyrolysis of various cellulosic wastes \r 1. The cellulosic waste (and catalyst) was weighed and put into a boiling tube. The tube was stopped with a plastic bung with holes. A plastic tube and a thermocouple were inserted through the holes. The other end of the plastic tube was submerged. \r 2. A Bunsen flame was used to pyrolyse cellulosic waste. Temperature and time of reaction were recorded. Gas produced was collected underwater. Biochar and bio-oil were obtained and weighed. \r B. Evaluation of adsorptive capabilities of different materials \r 1. Blue light absorbances of KH2PO4 solutions (mixed with vanadate-molybdate reagent to form yellow solutions) at different concentrations were found and an absorbance-concentration curve was established. \r 2. 5g of each material being evaluated was sandwiched between two pieces of filter paper before being put into a suction funnel. KH2PO4 solution was poured into the funnels. The setups were left overnight and filtrates were collected. \r 3. Collected filtrates were mixed with vanadate-molybdate reagent. Concentration of phosphates in each filtrate was found by the curve.\r 3. Data \r I. Highest percentage conversion from waste to biochar: 94.1% (paper towel, iron wool) \r II. Highest sequestration rate of carbon: 98.6% (paper towel, zinc) \r III. Lowest pyrolysis temperature: 162°C (paper towel, copper) \r IV. Best catalyst in terms of speed of biochar production: copper (+47.7%) \r V. Highest speeds of biochar production (w/ and w/o catalyst): 46.4g/hr (paper towel, copper) and 27.7g/hr (sawdust) \r VI. Adsorptions of KH2PO4: 14.4% (biochar from sawdust)/ 9.02% (sawdust)\r 4. Conclusions \r The pyrolysis of cellulosic waste to biochar was achievable at school laboratory conditions, with satisfactory results in carbon sequestration, production speed and percentage conversion. \r Under catalysis by various metals, the production of either biochar or pyrolytic gas and oil can be optimized, providing a low-cost way to derive fuel and sequestration-ready carbon, both crucial as answers to looming crises. The use of copper greatly speeds up pyrolysis and lowers the pyrolysis temperature, further increasing the economic potential of the process. \r Biochar is also an effective means to soil management, as shown in field and laboratory experiments. Its adsorption capability far exceeds that of untreated cellulosic waste, retaining nutrients to be taken by plants instead of leaching away. It was also shown to improve fruit yield and induce ripeness in tomato, making it obvious that biochar is also a viable fertilizer. \r All in all, metal-catalyzed biochar production from municipal cellulosic waste and the subsequent use of biochar as fertilizer have the benefits of: low feedstock cost, low energy cost, fast production, carbon sequestration, soil management and waste recycling. It is a remedy to some of the most persistent and serious global problems: food and energy crisis, water pollution, excessive greenhouse effect alongside waste treatment.