本研究主要在探討骨牌脈波在傳遞時的速度變化，並比較在不同的骨牌和不同的排列方式下骨牌的終端速度有何種差異；同時也研究骨牌在鏈鎖反應下能量的放大現象。觀察後發現單列骨牌脈波在傳遞一段距離後，由於空氣阻力的影響，脈波將會達到一終端速度，此終端速度與骨牌高度成反比，而與骨牌質量平方成正比。骨牌的脈波傳遞在鏈鎖反應下仍有一終端速度，但大於單列之骨牌脈波速，且鏈鎖反應具有放大推力之功能。由我們的研究可預測一列物體傾倒時所花費時間和所能達到之終端速度，而鏈鎖反應可比擬為一雷射模型能量集中和釋放的機制，相信可利用骨牌儲存能量的機制應用於需迅速釋能的機械中 This research is mainly discussing the changing of velocity of a domino pulse, and comparing the terminal velocity of various kinds of dominos and arresting modules. Also we focus on the energy-enlarging fact of chain-reaction of domino series. We found that after running a distance, the pulse of a single-series domino will finally reach a terminal velocity by the friction force of air. The terminal velocity will inversely proportion to the height of a single domino, and will proportion to the square of mass of a single domino. During a chain-reaction, the pulse still has a terminal velocity, but it is higher than the terminal velocity of a single series domino .The chain-reaction has an ability to enlarge the original force, too. By the research, we are able to predict the time interval and the terminal velocity while a series of objects are falling. On the other hand, the chain reaction is similar with mechanism of energy concentration and emission of LASER. We also believe that this mechanism is able to explain and apply to those machines which need to release energy rapidly.

A cylinder rolling on an inclined plane and a sphere on grooved tracks are discussed in details.Using elementary mechanics, the formulas are derived for the time interval (t) and the final speed (vas a function of release height (h). (1) A cylinder is rolling down an inclined plane. The speed and time of the center of mass ofthe cylinder which changed with position (x) are recorded by a motion sensor. We can get theplots of v vs. √x and t vs. √ x, and find that the acceleration of the center of mass of thecylinder is constant, whether the cylinder is in rolling or a combination of rolling and slipping. (2) A sphere is rolling down an inclined grooved track. The final speed at the bottom of thetrack can be calculated from the physics of projection motion after the sphere leaves the track to thefloor. The time t for the sphere starting from rest to the bottom can be recorded by using photogate detectors. From the v-√h and t-1/√h graphs, μs between the sphere and track can be obtained. (3) When a sphere is released from the vertical height h of a cycloidal slide, the time tof pure rolling is the same independent of release position. But, when the sphere moves at a combination of rolling and slipping, the time t' will be different from t. We measure t and t' with photogate detectors and get the plot of t vs. h. The value ofμs can be calculated from the t - h graph. 圓柱或鋼珠從斜面或有槽曲面形成的軌道上滾下時，利用基本力學，可推導出時間 (t) 、速率 (v) 隨高度改變的函數關係。 (1) 利用運動感應器記錄圓柱由斜面上滾下時，圓柱質量中心的速度及運動時間隨位置 (x) 的變化，可繪出 v 對√ x 及 t 對 √x關係圖，由v－√x 及 t－√ x圖可知不論圓柱純滾動或滾動兼滑動，其質心均等加速度運動。 (2) 鋼珠由有槽斜板滾下時，到達底端的速率可由從底端至地面的拋體運動算出，而其時間t則可利用光電計時器直接記錄，利用 v－√h 圖及 t－1/√ h 圖可求出鋼珠和軌道的靜摩擦係數 μs。 (3) 鋼珠從旋輪線上方純滾動至底端時，所經歷的時間 (t) 和釋放高度無關，但是當鋼珠滾動兼滑動時，所經歷時間 t' 會改變，利用光電計時器量出 t 及 t'並作圖，利用 t－h 圖可出 μs。

本研究以碳化矽(SiC)奈米粉末加入去離子水中，插入銅電極加以電壓進行其表面帶電性的研究。研究中發現SiC奈米粉末的表面帶有負電荷，且加以電壓後，SiC奈米粉末會沉澱下來。利用場發射掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)及X-光繞射儀(X-RD)檢測其性質，發現加以電壓使奈米粉末失去電荷而聚集沉澱。同時經由製作不同酸鹼度SiC奈米粉末溶液的陽極極化曲線發現pH值越大，SiC奈米粉末表面電位越高，開放電路電位越小。本研究實驗過程中發現pH值2之SiC奈米粉末溶液加過電壓後，正極生成一透明薄膜狀物質，極有可能是導電鍍膜，應用價值極高。本研究已先進行微硬度試驗與金相實驗，將由長庚大學機械系研究所進行更深入檢測與研究。The electrochemical behavior of the SiC-nanopowder in deionized water was studied. The electrochemical cell was composed of two pure copper electrodes, across which different voltages were applied. The morphology of the nanopowders or even with reacted products was examined using field emission electron microscope(FESEM) and the corresponding phases were identified with X-ray diffraction method(XRD). The experimental results show that tha nano-powders precipitated at the surface of the anodic copper electrode and in the same time the nanopowders in the solution aggregated when 20 volts were applied across two electrodes. That is, net negative charge could be induced around the nanopowder. Deposition rate of the aggregated powders in the various pH-value solutions was evaluated and the aggregated powders were examined with FESEM. The higher Zeta potential of the SiC-nanopowder was examined as the nanopowders immersed in the higher pH value solution. The nanopowders aggregated themselves as the pH value under 2. The anodic polarization behavior of the copper electrode in SiC- nanopowder solution was measured and the results were compared with the aforementioned tests.

In this project, we mainly employ the self-made “positioning system for celestial objects” (PSFCO) to investigate the relations among Sun, Moon, and Earth. Based on the observational data, we then construct a three-dimensional (3D) model to further understand the hidden mystery. We first use the PSFCO, which was developed through four generations (see figure 1), to measure the change for a whole year in the North Polar Distance (NPD) of Sun and Moon individually. From the data analysis, we find that: 1. This change in NPD is very close to a sinusoidal function. 2. The date when the NPD of Moon is the largest in a month shifts earlier by 2.26 days every month on average. 3. The angle between the equatorial axis (EA) and the lunar orbital plane (LOP) is about 63.5 degrees, while the angle between the EA and the ecliptic plane (EP) is about 66.5 degrees. 4. The angle between the LOP and the EP is about 5 degrees. This is exactly why the solar eclipse and the lunar eclipse do not happen every month. 5. Time for a celestial object to be above the horizon = 1080 minutes – 4 (minute/degree) x NPD of the object. We geographically prove this empirical formula. With this formula and the PSFCO, we can accurately predict the times when an object rises and sets. We finally make a 3D model for Sun, Moon, and Earth. In this process, we confronted and then solved several difficult questions in mathematics and astronomy. This research dramatically enhances our understanding in our local planetary system. 主要利用自製的“天體定位儀”來詳細探討月亮、太陽及地球之間的位置及軌道關 係，並藉由三度空間模型的製作來進一步了解其中的奧妙。 首先利用天體定位儀 (共研發出四代，見圖1) 來量測月亮及太陽各自與北極的夾角 在1 年內的變化，經數據分析發現： 一、這個變化很像sin 函數。 二、月亮與北極的夾角發生極大值的農曆日數，每月平均提早約2.26 日。 三、白道面與赤道軸的夾角約為63.5 度，黃道面與赤道軸的夾角約為66.5 度。 四、白道面與黃道面之間的夾角約為5 度。這正是日蝕及月蝕不常發生的主要原因。 五、天體在地平線上的時間(分) = 1080 分－４(分/度) x 天體與北極夾角(度)。我們用幾 何定理證明了這個觀測到的關係式，且配合天體定位儀可準確預測任何可見天體 升上及落下地平線的時間。 最後製作月亮、太陽及地球的3D 軌道模型。過程中遭遇並解決了各種數學及天文 難題，使我們對這個行星系統有了更深一層的認識。

多變色膽固醇型液晶面板為利用具雙穩態(Bistable)特性及因螺距不同而反射特定波長的膽固醇型液晶(CLC)。本研究創新作法為二：一、利用固化的方式使膽固醇型液晶螺距大小不同，使變色機制不同於一般電腦液晶面板，所製的液晶面板為以液晶的特性變色。二、將液晶螢幕中控制液晶的IPS 系統、側邊電極應用於液晶白板中。雙層液晶白板上層為混合E7(向列型液晶)+S811(旋光物質)的Bistable CLC，下層為混合RM82、CB15、BL006、I-369 的多變色(Multi-color)CLC 面板。The main purpose of the research plan lies in the application of the CLC. By using the Cholesteric －the bistable and the wavelength due to different pitch sizes－ we can make liquid crystal whiteboard. First, by heating and curing, we are able to cause the pitch sizes of CLC to be different. Unlike the commonly used LCD in computers, the features of CLC itself are applied to the color changing mechanism we make. Second, we apply the IPS horizontal electric field and flank electrode to our LCD whiteboard. In making the Multi-color CLC Display, we mix RM82, CB15 and BL006.

20 世紀初，石油的量產造就了人類文明前所未有的繁榮，然而由於運送、廢棄處理等因素，使得油類污染成為環境保護的重大議題。本實驗中，我們的研究主題為在受油污染的土壤中純化並鑑定出可分解油類之土壤菌和綠膿桿菌對可分解油類之土壤菌與這群土壤菌彼此之間的交互關係，藉此了解它們間的互動對環境生物復育的影響。我們由受油類污染的行道樹土壤中分離了約12 種的土壤菌，其中我們得到3 種對油類分解效果效果極佳的非綠膿桿菌(暫時命名為P7A、P7C、P7D)。經過菌種鑑定發現P7A、P7C、P7D 均為格蘭氏陽性菌。為了解這群可分解油類之土壤菌間的互動關係，我們針對分解效果最佳的P7A、P7C、P7D 作為研究對象，將菌落接種至含有鹽類與機油的液體培養基中震盪培養，並每隔一定時間測量其O.D 值。結果發現P7A、P7C、P7D 間的互動會導致其在以機油為單一碳源的培養液中之生長速度的改變，因此在行環境生物復育時須注意土壤菌間交互關係對其分解污染物速率的影響。此外我們由受油類污染的行道樹土壤中亦分離出了一些綠膿桿菌，因文獻指出，綠膿桿菌所分泌的綠膿素降低受油污染土壤中土壤微生物相的多樣性；因此，我們將由行道樹土壤中純化出的綠膿桿菌T3 與可分解油類P7A、P7C、P7D 進行交互作用觀察，發現T3 會侵占P7A、P7C、P7D 的既有菌落區，而平板培養基亦可清楚看出和T3 交接的P7A、P7C、P7D 菌落區寬度有明顯降低，因此我們認為T3 可抑制或殺死P7A、P7C、P7D，可得知綠膿桿菌會對可分解油類之土壤菌產生抑制或競爭關係。In early 20th century, the exploitation of petroleum transformed human civilization into a tremendously prosper stage. Because of the transportation and disposition of petroleum, the oil pollution has become a important issue in environmental protection. Besides, Chloropseudomonas spp. which can survive in many different environments and decompose lots of organic compounds. In this study, we want to find the bacteria which can utilize oil from machine oil-contaminated soil, investigating the interaction relations between Chloropseudomonas spp. and these oil-degrading soil bacteria. First, we classified these oil-degrading bacteria by the book called“Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology.”We find three species of oil-degrading bacteria (P7A、 P7C、P7D) which are all grams-positive bacillus, possibly belonged to Aureobactreium、Curtobacterium、Cellulomonas、Oerskovia、Brochothrix、 Caryophanon. Second, in the study of the relationship between Chloropseudomonas spp. and the oil degrading soil bacteria, we found that Chloropseudomonas spp can considerably inhabit the growth of oil-degrading bacteria. Besides, there are also a great variety of interaction between three species of the oil-degrading bacteria. According to the result , the interaction might considerably affect the efficiency of oil bioremediation. Due to our analysis, we suggest that it is necessary to pay more attention to the interaction between bacteria when undertaking oil bioremediation.

The “Insectivorous Plants”﹐ the first historical publication by Charles Darwin﹐contained the detailed observations and meticulous descriptions of various carnivorous plants and had become the most important reference for the study of carnivorous plants﹒ But the prey mechanism and digestive function of the bladder traps of the Utricularia were not well described﹒ The present study has a great success in these fields which include the volume change of bladder traps before and after firing﹐the spontaneous pressure relief of the bladder traps even without being triggered by prey, and the quadriceps visible absorption process﹒ The last two findings are not yet publicated. This laboratory experiment is carried out with Utricularia Gibba﹐a native species of Utricularia in Taiwan﹒ Through static and dynamic observation﹐we find that bladder traps suck in water by 12-25% of body volume change, and the bladder traps release internal pressure spontaneously under long period of waiting, despite not being triggered﹒ We can also easily demonstrate the absorption process of quadriceps by manually triggering the bladder traps to suck food color solutions. All the events above can be clearly seen under microscopy﹒達爾文是最先對食蟲植物作深入且完整研究的科學家，至今他的著作仍是研究食蟲植物的重要資料，但在其內容中對狸藻捕蟲囊捕蟲行為及消化功能的研究觀察並不完整。本實驗使用簡單的方法，在這方面有突破性的進展，包括捕蟲囊捕食前後的體積變化，自發性舒張及囊內腺毛對於食用色素的消化吸收，後兩項發現及實驗均未曾出現在文獻資料中。 本實驗以台灣本土水生食蟲植物絲葉狸藻(Utricularia gibba)為研究對象，由靜態及動態觀察，顯示捕蟲囊捕食前後體積變化為12~25%，且即使在沒有捕到水中生物的情況下，也會有自發性舒張以解除囊內壓力的現象。捕蟲囊內四爪腺毛消化吸收功能的整個過程，可藉由食用色素加以呈現，並清楚的在顯微鏡下觀察到這些現象。

本實驗利用喇叭、薄膜電極、波型產生器、鎖相放大器、及750 介面卡組合一套系統,此系統可使偵測精密度大幅提升(±4*10-5cm),使得水槽及地表模型尺度變小(40*22*35cm),因此可節省實驗的成本與時間我們在坡度實驗中,發現坡度在3 度左右,淺化係數都超過3. 對照台灣沿岸發生海嘯的歷史記載,確實在台灣東北角及西南沿岸等坡度為三度之地區都發生較明顯的海嘯危害. 反之,坡度在四度以上的東岸其海嘯波高都非常低.最後再藉著硬體系統及電腦2D 動畫模擬的整合,使我們可方便掌握波浪在不同坡度及位置,其波長及波高變化比,如此有助於預估及說明海嘯隨地形變化的狀況.By using the horn, membranous electrodes, function generator, phase-locked amplifier, and Science Workshop 750, we plan to assemble a tsunami simulation system in which the precision can be getting increased (±4*10-5cm) .Because of the improvement of its precision, the size of the tank and of the surface models will become smaller .As a result, the money and time spent on the experiment will be spare. When experimenting on the influence of inclination of the landforms, we observed that when the inclination reaches about 3 degrees, the shoaling coefficient exceeded 3 .The result of our experiment can provide an explanation to the tsunami on the northeast and southwest coast of Taiwan .According to the historical records, the disastrous tsunami happens frequently on the northeast and southwest coast of Taiwan where its inclination is also about 3 degrees as well .On the other hand, on the eastern coast, the wave height is lower and its inclination exceeds 4 degrees .Apparently, our experimenting result is correspond to the natural phenomena in Taiwan’s coast . Besides, with the help of hardware system and computer 2D animation simulation, we can easily measure the wavelength and wave height scale of the wave in different inclinations and positions. Therefore, this tsunami simulation system can provide a great help to estimate and explain the phenomena of tsunami which may change its condition in different landforms.

核糖核酸蛋白粒之K 蛋白具有多種功能，可參與在基因轉錄和蛋白質轉譯等過程。我們發現\r 一新奇的cDNA 較已報告的K 蛋白cDNA 少了72 個核?酸，分別命名為S 形與L 形。由基因\r 組DNA 的分析，S 形可能是經由替代剪接少了第8 個exon 所形成。以西方墨點法分析細胞中\r 的K 蛋白，亦證明有S 形存在，其表現量較少且多存在於細胞核中。為了探究兩種K 蛋白等\r 形的表現和功能，我們以PCR 偵測K 蛋白在不同組織與細胞株和人類乳腺腫瘤組織中的RNA\r 表現，結果顯示主要以L 形為主;我們並將S 形與L 形K 蛋白分別轉染至人類乳癌細胞株MCF7\r 中，以抗生素篩選出穩定表現K 蛋白之細胞株，生長速率分析顯示表現S 形之細胞株生長速\r 率較慢，其分子機轉仍有待研究。另外在比對K 蛋白之基因組DNA 時，除了在第九對色體\r 上有完整之K 蛋白基因組DNA，我們亦發現在第2、3、5 及11 對染色體上有類似K 蛋白基\r 因的序列，以cDNA 的形式存在，這些DNA 序列是否可以表現RNA 及其意義為何，目前尚\r 不清楚。Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) is a multifunctional protein known to be\r involved in the regulation of transcription, translation, nuclear transport and signal transduction. We\r have identified an alternative splicing transcript of hnRNP K lacking exon 8. This novel isoform\r (named S form compares to L form of full-length hnRNP K) encodes a protein that is 24 amino acids\r depletion between RNA binding KH1 and KH2 domain. To explore the functional roles of both isoforms,\r we detect their expression in several tissues (including liver, lung, kidney and heart), cell lines (MCF7,\r 293T, HeLa, NIH3T3, WEHI, P388D1) and specimens of human mammary gland tumor by RT- PCR.\r The results showed that L form was expressed in all samples, whereas S form was only expressed in cell\r lines. Using Western blotting analysis, we found that L form existed in both cytosol and nuclear\r fractions, and little amount of S form was detected in the nuclear extract. Furthermore, we construct the\r MCF7 cell lines that stably expressed S form or L form hnRNP K. Growth rate analysis indicates that\r the overexpression of S form of hnRNP K could decrease cell growth rate. The molecular mechanisms\r of growth inhibition by S form hnRNP K are to be further investigated. On the other hand, when we\r blast the human genomic genebank, we found except the chromosome 9 containing complete hnRNP K\r genomic DNA, there are near complete hnRNP K cDNA sequence appears in chromosome 2, 3, 5, and 11.\r The meaning of these sequences is unclear.

本實驗使用磁流變流體(Magnetorheological fluid, MRF)來估查其磁場作用下的光學性質。本實驗採用Lord公司的MRF-132LD磁流變流體加以稀釋到不同的重量濃度，並以氫氟酸蝕刻玻片產生不同的厚度。吾人觀察到濃度參數以及厚度參數均對MRF薄膜的光繞射產生影響。膜厚越薄，產生的繞射較明顯，而重量濃度較小的容易亦有較大的繞射角度。吾人亦移動上下兩玻片相對位置，施加剪力的作用，繞射現象也產生明顯的改變。\r The Magnetorheological fluid (MRF) is used to observe the optical properties under the vertical magnetic field , The MRF-132LD from Lord Company is used, The MRF is diluted to different weight ratio of particulate and carrier fluid . The different thicknesses of the MR thin film are also made with the diluted MRF. The concentration of the MRF and the thickness of the thin film are both found to have significant effects on the optical diffraction phenomenon. The optical diffraction is also found to be affected by the applied shear force to the thin film.

Nicholas’s project is a transforming robot, who he has named Reggie. He's about a foot tall and can transform from a biped into a vehicle and vice versa?\r Reggie has been Nick’s project for just under a year now, mainly working on him in technology classes. He operates without physical connection to anything else, so everything he needs from micro controllers to power is stored somewhere on Reggie’s body?\r Reggie is controlled through a programmable Arduino board (programmed in C++) that is connected up to a motor driver, for controlling the two driving motors and an SSC-32 servo controller for controlling the 14 servos via serial port. The Arduino uses the SSC-32 to coordinate the servos movements using pre-programmed sets of movements stored in procedures in order to complete all actions.\r All the parts were produced on a 3D CAD system to begin with, as well as the robot as a whole, although the design did change drastically over the course of its construction and now is considerably different from the original design as there were many problems and complications ranging from space to torque issues that called for a change in design.\r Most of the parts were from the servo erector set from lynx motion, although some of them were used in the way they were intended to and most of them were modified slightly. Some parts Nick manufactured himself either on a rapid prototyping machine, a lathe or milling machine and sometimes a combination of them or even high temperature soldiering?\r Currently Reggie is capable of driving and standing up and is currently radio controlled. He will eventually be capable of walking and modifications to allow him to (such as stronger leg servos) have been made to facilitate that, but it is possible more may have to be made.

滿足之M 點，我們稱之為Pi(i=1…n)的均值點。當n=3，M 恰為△P1P2P3 的重心 (G); n=4 時，M 亦為三角錐P1P2P3P4 的重心！因此不免引人遐思：滿足之M 點是否皆為其重心？ 我們藉由電腦幾何作圖軟體GSP 協助觀察，掌握了圖形變化間之不變性，再配合向量解析及推理，得以發現均值點、多邊形的重心、以至多面體的重心、及平行多邊形的一般性作法。附帶又發現：任意相鄰三頂點即可決定一平行n 邊形。並進而證實：平行四邊形為四邊形M＝G 的充要條件。但當n≧5 時，平行n 邊形只是n 邊形M＝G 的充分非必要條件！一般而言，具有對稱中心O 的n 個點所構成的圖形必可使M 與G 重合於O 點上。 The point M satisfying is called “the mean point of Pi(i=1…n)”. As n=3, M is the center of gravity (G) of the △P1P2P3. If n=4, then M is also the center of gravity of the triangular pyramid P1P2P3P4. Therefore, I began to wonder if the following assumption stands: The point M that satisfies is always a center of gravity. By using the computer software GSP (The Geometer’s Sketchpad) to observe figures. It is found that when a figure is changing there is still constancy. Furthermore, supported by the analysis based on vectors, general constructions can be established concerning the mean point, the center of gravity of polygon, the center of gravity of polyhedron, and the parallel polygon. Also, I find that any three neighboring vertexes decide a parallel polygon. And thus it is verified that the parallelogram is the sufficient and necessary condition for quadrilateral M=G. As n≧5, the parallel n-sides shape is the sufficient, not necessary condition, for n-sides shape M=G. In general, a central figure of n points having the center of symmetry O can make M and G meet on O.