Many people suffer from aches all over their bodies, whether be it through an injury, inherited features or certain forms of diseases. Going to see a therapist or a specialist can be time consuming and extremely costly. Which is why we’ve decided to develop an automatic system capable of relieving pain in certain areas of the body, all through using reflexology: a form of therapy used to access most of the body using certain parts in the legs, hands and ears. The problematic this project revolves around is that a high percentage of the world’s population don’t know what to do when they feel aches, as they are oblivious to easy and simple massage techniques. Thus, they will resort to taking therapist appointments which most have neither the time nor the money for. Our main focus in this project is developing a system that will help decrease the amount of pain people feel in certain areas, mainly the sinus, the back and also relieving some forms of stress. Our device will function by performing massage on pre-determined parts in the foot; the system will also be automatic meaning it will bring comfort to the user without them ever doing any effort, all at the push of a button or through a remote command from their mobile phones. Our system will also be much cheaper than going to a therapist and a lot faster and more comfortable. To conclude our system offers a modernized version of a therapy technique that has been improved upon and perfected over the years, relieving back pains, sinus pains, stress and many forms of body aches all through our easy to use reflexology system.

1. Purpose of the research\r Nowadays, many encryption software are available to computer user. However, very few people use them which result in many cases of information and data leakage due mainly over the Internet. Most people use USB Flash Drive to store and carry confident files back home to work on. When the USB Drive is lost, the files stored are often leaked. To prevent this type of incident occurring, “CryptoDefender” is developed to enhance files protection and to change user’s habit in handling confidential information. \r 2. Procedures\r “CryptoDefender” is an add-in for common application software, e.g. Word, Excel, etc. It will appear as a new tab in the ribbon which provides the software an alternative for saving and opening a file. It protects the files in two ways: encryption and steganography. The data is first encrypted into cipher text as these encrypted data will be hidden in an image file to lower suspicion of readers. All of these procedures will be done by one click. For encrypt and decrypt, the user just needs to click the “Protect” and “Decrypt”. An extremely fast way to encrypt the file is “Quick Protect”. It will randomly choose an image from the image folder according to their file size. This function saves the time for choosing an image.\r 3. Data\r The method for steganography is using last two bit of R, last three bit of G and B to store the encrypted data. In 24-bit bitmap, RGB is represented the color of each pixel and each of them is 8-bit. The leftmost bit of each byte contains the highest value, and the right one contains the lowest value. Therefore, any change in the rightmost byte will only cause a minimal change in a byte value, and the color as well. 2-3-3 method is adopted to replace the pixels as encrypted data. It is used because it is in coordination with the program’s fluency. 2-3-3 is obtained so that 1 pixel will contain 1 byte of encrypted data. For R, the last two bit will be replaced by encrypted data. For G and B, the last 3 bit will be replaced by encrypted data. If the Bitmap size is larger than the encrypted data, random data will be replaced into the remaining pixels.\r 4. Conclusion \r “CryptoDefender” is user-friendly and efficient way to protect important and confidential digital files on most personal computers. This software will help to change the user’s habit in securing their information as to avoid data leakage even when they are accidentally lost.

本實驗使用聚醚亞醯胺溶液製備基本薄膜，由於玻璃態高分子薄膜過於緻密，一直是高分子薄膜在應用上的一大限制，為了在薄膜上製造缺陷，又不會使薄膜之選擇性降低，因此選擇將酸化之奈米碳管(孔徑10~20nm) 加至聚醚亞醯胺薄膜中。本實驗主要為探討添加不同濃度的酸化奈米碳管對聚醚亞醯胺薄膜的滲透率與選擇率的影響，藉由添加0.5 wt%、1 wt%、1.5 wt%、3 wt%、4 wt%等不同濃度的酸化奈米碳管至15 wt% 的聚醚亞醯胺溶液中，並製作薄膜，測試其基本性質與五種氣體(H2、CO2、O2、N2、CH4)的滲透率及不同空氣分子之間的選擇率。我們總共測試了三種薄膜的性質，分別是表面特性、熱穩定性及結晶型與層間距，薄膜的表面性質，能觀察到奈米碳管在薄膜中製造奈米孔隙結構，增加氣體滲透的孔道，能有效增加氣體的滲透率。增加奈米碳管的量，能有效升高第一階段熱裂解的溫度，雖然熱裂解在本實驗中沒有很大的差異，但是還是可以從熱重分析圖中推測不同量的奈米碳管會影響熱穩定性。在X 光繞射實驗中，添加奈米碳管的薄膜與純聚醚亞醯胺薄膜，在結晶相上都屬非結晶型薄膜，添加了奈米碳管的高分子複合薄膜的層間距明顯增大。在氣體滲透實驗中，我們比較了不同氣體或濃度不同的奈米複合薄膜的氣體滲透率，在不同氣體時，氣體的滲透率會隨著奈米碳管濃度增加有明顯的提升，五種氣體滲透率大致依照H2>CO2>O2>N2>CH4 這個趨勢增減。奈米碳管對1.5%增加到3%或4%的奈米複合薄膜滲透率的影響卻減小，由此可以推斷奈米碳管對空氣滲透率並非無限制的增加，在1.5%以後就漸漸趨近最大值。H2為14.89barrer，CO2 為9.51barrer，O2為6.34barrer，N2為6.48barrer， CH4 為3.75barrer 。本研究總共比較了三組氣體的選擇率，分別是CO2/CH4，O2/N2，H2/CH4，分離率最高的是H2/CH4 的，兩分子的粒徑大小差對分離率有極大影響，差愈大，其分離率也愈高。奈米碳管的量改變並不會使薄膜的氣體選擇率明顯增加或減少，但是加入太多奈米碳管其選擇率會變低。在五片薄膜中，1.5%的薄膜有最好的選擇率，奈米碳管的添加量超過1.5%選擇率就會開始下降。綜合滲透率及選擇率可以分析出，添加1.5%奈米碳管的高分子奈米複合薄膜有較高的滲透率，又不會降低選擇率，在利用上比其他濃度的奈米複合薄膜在有害氣體過濾及空氣的分離回收方面產生更好的效果。;This experiment uses Polyetherimide polymers solution to make basic membranes. Because glassy polymer membranes are too dense for gas permeations, it is one of the limitations in their applications. To increase gas permeability and maintain air selectivity, I made some nanogaps on the surface of the membranes by an acidification multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs, kinetic diameter 10~20nm) in the PEI membranes. We mainly want to find if it has some influence between the consistency of acidification MWNTs and gas permeability or selectivity. We mixed 0.5wt% 、1wt%、1.5wt%、3wt%、4wt% acidification Carbon nanotube in 15wt% PEI solution, made membranes and tested the character, five kinds of gas permeability (H2、CO2、O2、N2、CH4) and the selectivity between different gases. We have tested the three nature of membranes, including surface characteristic, TGA and XRD. We can see some nanogapes made by carbon nanotube in the membranes. It could availably increase gas permeability. Mixing more carbon nanotube in the membranes could increase the temperature of the first heat-decomposition. Though the heat-decomposition in this experiment didn’t change a lot, we could say that different percent nanotube would affect the membranes’ heat-decomposition. By the experiment of XRD, the membranes with carbon nanotube and the pure PEI membranes attach to amorphous membranes. Nanocomposite’s de-spacing is bigger than pure membranes. In the experiment of air permeability, we compared different kinds of gas or different percent carbon nanotube of nanocomposite if they have some change of permeability. The conclusion is that air permeability increase as the quantity of nanotube increase. The five kinds of permeability the direction：H2>CO2>O2>N2>CH4.The influence of permeability will decrease when the quantity of carbon nanotube increase from 1.5% to 3% or 4%. We can get the conclusion that the increment of gas permeability isn’t limitary. It drifts towards maximal about 1.5%. H2 is 14.89barrer. CO2 is 9.51barrer. O2 is 6.34barrer. N2 is 6.48barrer. CH4 is 3.75 barrer.This experiment totally compared three groups of air selectivity. They ’re CO2/CH4, O2/N2 and H2/CH4. The maximum of selectivity is H2/CH4. The difference of kinetic diameter affects air selectivity a lot. The quantity of nanotube doesn’t associate with the air selectivity, but mixing too much nanotube will decrease air selectivity. The 1.5% nanocomposite has the highest selectivity. If the consistency of the membranes is higher than 1.5%, the air selectivity will decrease. Depend on the gas permeability and the air selectivity, the 1.5% nanocomposite has higher permeability and constant air selectivity. That shows the 1.5% nanocomposite has a better effect on air selectivity and recycling.

This research is mainly in observation with Caenorhabditis elegans ’s genetic mutation caused via nervous system abnormal character. In the study, I the sample have been cultivated purified and add some chemical material EMS to speed up C.elegans mutation. Then based on the character to further analysis what causeof gene deal with mutation and observe the effects in heredity. The research has two stages, on the first stage of study the mainly target is to both search and purify the mutation of C.elegans. The second stage is based on the exploration of mutation’s searching and purifying. Because the certain mutation bodies aren’t easy to find out, the project is still on progress at the beginning of second stage, and we conclude some heredity special cases in preliminary of study. 這個實驗主要是觀察並針對線蟲因為基因的突變所產生的神經系統異常的變異性狀，在實驗中我先將樣品線蟲培養並純化至一定數量，並加入適當藥劑EMS造成其突變，經篩選並分析此性狀，進而找出造成其突變之基因，以及觀察此性狀對遺傳表現所造成的影響。該計畫分成兩階段，第一階段的實驗重點是在突變株的搜尋以及純化上，第二階段則是在突變基因的探討上，由於特定突變株的搜尋並非容易，所以目前計畫只進展至第二階段的遺傳實驗初期，對於其遺傳特徵與突變形式上已有了初步的分析，但尚未定位出該基因的位置。

我們在校園內設置兩樣區，從2007 年4 月至2007年6月，共調查9株姑婆芋，93朵佛焰花，以瞭解姑婆芋生活史、傳粉昆蟲生活史及兩者之間的互動關係。 姑婆芋在11 月至7 月花期時會不斷產生佛焰花苞，剛冒出的花苞經過1到3天後，雌蕊漸成熟，佛焰苞會漸漸展開，開始產熱及一些特殊氣味，吸引果蠅科未知種的蠅類傳粉。當胚株受粉後，佛焰苞頸部會閉合，迫使傳粉昆蟲會往上爬到雄蕊部位攜帶花粉，飛至另一株姑婆芋雌蕊上傳粉，因此姑婆芋與傳粉昆蟲之間具有互利共生的關係。佛焰花序主要產生氣味的部位是在附屬物及雄部，而佛焰苞則可以幫助吸引更多傳粉昆蟲。佛焰花序的附屬物及雄部相對溫度較高，可能具有產熱以吸引傳粉昆蟲的功能。 ;Our study started from April, 2007 to June, 2007. We observed a total of 9 Alocasia odora and 93 spathes to help understand the life cycle of these understory clonal herbs, its pollinators, and the relationship between them. Alocasia odora produces spathes continuously during inflorescence. In the female phase, the pistillate part of the inflorescence ripens and an opening appears at the spathe, heat and a special odor is produced to attract pollinators of Drosophilidae. When the ovule is pollinated, the male phase begins and the opening encloses, which forces the pollinators upwards to the staminate part to carry its pollens, and then fly to an other Alocasia odora, Heat and the special odor are produced by the appendix and the staminate part of the inflorescence, and the spathe can increase the number of pollinators attracted. The relationship of mutualism between these two species contribute to the study of coevolution.

Azotobacteraceae 為一單棲固氮菌科，包含Azotobacter 與Azomonas 兩菌屬，在農業上可用來改善缺氮的貧瘠土壤。在分離土壤中的Azotobacteraceae 時，發現非單棲固氮菌與單棲固氮菌間可能具有共生的情形。我們利用優勢培養(缺氮)的方法篩選土壤中的Azotobacteraceae，將優勢培養後所生成的菌落稀釋104~106倍後，能有效分離Azotobacter 與Azomonas，然而低於此稀釋倍率則會形成混合菌落，其中可同時發現單棲固氮菌與非單棲固氮菌存在，推測某些非固氮菌在優勢培養過程中可能可從單棲固氮菌獲得氮源，與之共生。此外亦從菌種形態的差異並配合顯微螢光雜合技術(fluorescence in situ hybridization, FISH)、分子遺傳標記(16S-rDNA)等方式，分析土壤中的Azotobacteraceae，探討單棲固氮菌及其他非單棲固氮菌在培養基上的生長情形、比例及親緣關係。The family Azotobacteraceace is group of free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria that is found in soil. Two genera are within this family: Azotobacter and Azomonas. Agriculturally, it is often used to improve fertility for nitrogen deficient barren lands. We analyze the Azotobacteraceace according to molecular biology and traditional taxonomy. We used an enrichment procedure to culture the bacteria, and diluted it repeatedly. We found it most suitable to dilute it 104~106 times to best separate Azotobacter from Azomonas. If the concentration were to be higher than this, mixed flora containing many different bacteria species would be found. Moreover, we noticed that non nitrogen-fixing bacteria, symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria would form a single colony on a nitrogen-deprived medium. This implies that a symbiotic relationship may exist between nitrogen-fixing bacteria and non nitrogen-fixing bacteria. We also discuss the growing situation, the group proportion, and the relationships between free-living nixtron fixing bacteria and other bacteria by morphology, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and molecular biology.

本文研究風洞中之風帆在不同條件下，受風吹拂所產生之升力與阻力關係，並探討及成功 的以數學模型解釋其原因，此研究結果可應用於帆船帆面之設計。其主要探討之變因為以下 之五種： (一) 風速大小對帆船帆面之受力關係：當帆面與風向垂直時，在低風速時，實際測值較接近 風速的一次方的函數關係。高風速時，實際測值接近為風速的二次方的函數關係。 (二) 帆面積大小與受風推進力之關係：當帆面與風向垂直時，在風速固定風速下實驗，得到 面積與風對帆推力成正比。 (三) 順風航行時，帆面之攻角(θ)與受風推進力之關係：航行方向的力與sin 2θ 成正比關係。 (四) 側風航行時，帆面之攻角(θ)與受風推進力之關係：帆面在攻角大於 45°時，航行方向的力與sin θcosθ 有相當程度的吻合，而在攻角0°~45°之間則與飛機攻 角升力資料相接近。 (五) 初步探討雙桅帆與單桅帆面受風推進力之不同：發現其在側風時能有效的減少失速的現 象，在帆面高攻角時，能減少失速現象，依然可以持續穩定的航行，我們也可推想出飛機 的機翼前段的縫翼功能也是如此。 This article is derived from our research of relation between lifting power and its resistant power produced via wind-blow in a wind tunnel under different terms and condition, also to discuss and to explain their causes successfully via mathematics models, thus, the result of this study may be applied in designing of sail-surfaces of sails boats. Its major discussion can be included into the below 5 kinds: - Relation of (1) Relation of sizes of wind-speed against reacceptance of aerodynamic forces over sail-surface: When sail-surface and wind direction becomes horizontal, under low coin-speed, practical measured-value is rather close to wind-speed's linear function relation. When in nigh wind-speed, the practical measured-value is rather close to wind-speed's quadratic function relation. (2) Relation of size of sail-surface and pushing power of wind: When sail-surface and wind direction becomes horizontal, an experiment was made under fixed wind speed, the result obtained is sail-surface size and pushing wind power toward sail is in direct proportion. (3) When it is in “round-the-clock wise” navigation the angle of attack (θ) of sail-surface and the relation with wind's pushing power: Strength of navigation direction and sin2θconforming direct proportion. (4) When it is in side-wind navigation, the angle of attack (θ) and pushing power by wind relation; When the sail surface is in the angle of attack (θ) greater than 45o, the navigation direction power and sinθcosθhas certain extent of conformity, and between angle of attack e 0o-45o, happens to be very appropriate with aircraft's angle of attack and lifting power data. Fundamental discussion of Double Masts Sail boats and Single Mast Sail boats comparing differences of wind-aided pushing power: It was found that stall phenomena could be decreased effectively, when it is side-winded, especially, when the sail-surface is at high angle of attack, it could decrease Stall phenomena, and could maintain stable navigation. We can also assume that the front section of aircraft aide-wing’s function exactly the same.

Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) is often used to determine the molecular weights of and separate polymers and proteins. The porous packing of the SEC column effects the separation of molecules, with larger molecules eluting earlier. Interest in high-speed SEC for larger molecules has been building, especially for combinatorial polymerization reactions and online SEC-MS applications. Mechanical stability of the packing, which siliceous materials have more of than polymeric ones, therefore needs to be improved. Several silicas have been explored but limited pore sizes and pore volumes have restricted their usage to separating small molecules. Siliceous MCF templated using oil-in-water microemulsions has good potential for SEC packing because it has ultralarge pore size (20-50 nm), high porosity and sturdy skeleton. However conventional MCF consists of highly irregular particles and hence cannot be used as packing.

本實驗主要是探究雙圈圈簡單飛機的飛行原理，歸納圈圈結構對飛行距離、升力的影響，以及氣流流經機體時發生的作用。研究結果如下：一、實際發射，歸納影響滑行距離的變因。1. 前後圈直徑比值約為0.8 時滑行距離為最大。2. 前後圈寬度比值越接近1 時，滑行距離越遠，但影響不大。3. 圈圈間隔在21cm 時，滑行距離最大。二、設置風洞，模擬飛機飛行，測量升力1. 圈圈寬度越大，升力越大。2. 升力最大值出現在圈圈仰角25 度左右，風速越快，升力越大。3. 鋁片仰角在20°時升力最大，升力與角度的關係式為 F = 5×10?7θ4 + 4×10?5θ3 ? 0.0083θ2 + 0.2615θ + 0.13744. 風速越快，升力越大，在仰角20°時升力與風速的關係大約為F = 0.4579V2 - 0.9231V +1.4772 。5. 鋁片面寬每增加1cm，升力也增加0.1513gw。前後長每增加1cm，升力即增加0.1263gw。三、設置蒸汽氣流，觀察簡單飛機的氣流場1. 蒸汽流通過圈圈時，會發生附壁現象，而且簡單飛機使氣流往下偏折，飛機得到升力。四、理論演繹︰1. 以康達效應的理論推算出升力，與實際測量得的升力約相等，驗證升力確實由康達理論造成。2. 墊高簡單飛機前圈，使得軸線提高，確實影響了飛行距離，墊高1cm 以內，飛行距離均增加了，以實際的改進證實升力確實是康達效應。This experiment mainly discusses the flying principle of the simple plane which is made up of a straw with two paper circles, one bigger than the other, stuck on both two ends of it. We first launched the simple plane actually and concluded the factors which influenced the sliding distance of the plane, including the distance between two circles, diameter and width of the two circles. Second, we set up a simple wind-tunnel and simulated the flight, in order to measure the strength of lift. Third, we set up the steam air flow and observed the change of the air current in the steam flow while flowing through the plane. The Phenomenon of Wall Enclosing happened and made the flows downward, and the plane gained the lift at the same time. Finally, we deduced that there are two sources of lift and Benoulli's law is not suitable for it. The Coanda Effect can be applied to figure out 54 percent of lift. And the current, blocked by the plane, also offers some lift. In order to prove that the Coanda Effect does effect, we padded the first circle to enlarge the angle of elevation of the axis of the two circles. It really affected the sliding distance of the plane. While the first circle is padded up within 1 cm, the sliding distance of the plane increases. Practical improvement proves that Coanda Effect accounts for the lift.

帶電的離子受到垂直的磁場與電場作用，會因為受到洛倫茲力而產生有趣的轉動現象。我們利用上述原理設計簡易的裝置設備，探討電解質溶液不同濃度、不同離子電荷數，受到不同離子間靜電力，產生不同的離子移動速度。經由所測量的時間與圓周運動的距離，可計算電解質的絕對遷移速度。由實驗結果推論在固定電場下，當電解質濃度降低，正、負離子間的相互作用力降低，離子遷移速度(migration velocity)加快，莫耳電導率 Λ（mole conductance)也隨之增加。同濃度時，電解質2-1 價型硝酸銅與2-2 型硫酸銅離子強度(ionic strength)不同，2-2型硫酸銅離子強度較大，遷移速度較小，莫耳電導率Λ 也較小。Because of the effect of Lorentz force, charged ion will have interesting rotation under the vertical magnetic and electric field. We use the above principle to design a simple instrument or tool, in order to evaluate and study the formation of different ionic mirgration velocities. The velocity of the charged ion in the instrument is affected by differences in the electrolyte, the charge differences of the ion tested and the differences in electrostatic forces between ions. From the experiment we can deduct that at a fixed constant electric field, when the concentration of the electrolyte is reduced, the interaction of forces between positive and negative ions will be reduced. When the migration velocity of ions increase, the mole conductivity Λ (mole conductance ) will also increase. At the same concentration, the ionic strength between copper nitrate ( 2-1valency type ) and copper sulfate ( 2-2 valency type ) are not identical. Copper sulfate, a 2-2 valency type has higher ionic strength, the velocity is slower and the mole conductivity Λ is also smaller.

桃園虎頭山是位於林口台地南端的低海拔(約240~260M)丘陵地,表土層屬於紅土層,紅土主要成分為細沙(直徑>50μm，約佔50%)、粉沙(直徑2~50μm，約佔30%),其餘以黏土為主,加上少量含鐵礦物,採樣地點字圖二中的三聖宮旁的登山步道,其坡面面向東南方,對位處北緯25度的桃園屬於向陽波,經日曬適當時間後所產生的龜裂現象,是我們探討的對象;We have focused the study on the sun cracks found in the Mts.Hu-To are located in the southern part of the Mesa Lin Kou, which are 240m to 260m above the sea level. Mainly red clay, the surface soil is a composition of fine sand(diameter>50μm,up to50%)and silt(diameter>2~5 μm,up to 30%),including clay and a limited amount of iron minerals. The soil sample was gathered at the trail beneath the Hil Gue-Lun(241m,see pic.1)from the southeastern latitudes.

My Science Fair project last year tested a local native plant for it’s toxic effects on insects (fruit flies), bacteria, fungi, and viruses. The root of the plant Lomatium dissectum, had been used by the Salish People to control lice and other insect pests in horses and cattle. The root was also used to kill fish, which could then be harvested by women and children. The fish killed in this way were not harmful to eat as long as they were consumed soon afterward. I have found also that fishing with the aid of plant toxins was formerly very common in tropical Africa. \r Lomatium dissectum, grows in dry rocky slopes in conjunction with Sagebrush.\r Many desert plants produce toxic substances that inhibit the growth of competing plants\r nearby. This adaptation is called Allelopathy. In a natural ecosystem, Lomatium does not\r kill fish because it does not grow beside creeks. But this raises the question of whether\r allelopathic plants growing outside their natural ecosystem are having a toxic effect on\r animal life. There are introduced invasive weeds that are allelopathic, such as\r Knapweed,growing near streams. And there are crop plants that are allelopathic – Rye and\r Alfalfa. Do these “natural herbicides” also kill fish? Walnut trees are allelopathic and\r compounds from Walnut kill fish.\r If this effect does go beyond toxicity to other plants, it would be an important\r consideration to environmental guidelines for private land bordering on streams and\r rivers. The B.C. Ministry of Environment notes the importance of shade cover for\r spawning streams. It does not recognize the harmful effects of introduced plants. Yet,\r when we were purchasing supplies for our Koi Pond the pet supply company offered a list\r of “Some of the Worst Plants to Have Around Koi”. We do not know if the introduced\r allelopathic plants are poisoning fish or reducing fish stock by poisoning the food that fish\r need.\r Science Fair rules do not allow any research that is expected to have any negative\r impact on vertebrate animals. Because of this, I have decided to test the effect of\r allelopathic plants on fruit flies (Drosophila). Fruit flies are similar to fish since, during\r larva and pupa forms, they live in direct contact with their culture media. I will also be\r testing the effect of allelopathic plants on Planaria (Turbellaria), an aquatic invertebrate.