The proposed project involves a new water-fueled hybrid car prototype that integrates various technologies, including photovoltaic (PV) panels, electrolysis, a fuel cell, a metal hydride tank, and a battery. The car is equipped with PV panels on its surface, such as the roof or hood, which convert solar energy into electricity. This electricity powers a DC motor that propels the vehicle. Excess electricity can be stored in a battery or used in an electrolysis system to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen is stored in a metal hydride tank for later use. Metal hydrides are materials capable of absorbing and releasing hydrogen gas, providing a safe and compact storage solution. The fuel cell converts hydrogen into electricity to power the DC motor when sunlight is not available. This hybrid system allows for direct solar-powered operation while also storing excess energy as hydrogen. Experimental tests were conducted on a prototype of this water-fueled car, with the fuel cell serving as a backup power source to ensure continuous operation even without solar energy. This concept offers several advantages, including the use of renewable solar energy, zero emissions during fuel cell operation, and the ability to store and utilize excess energy.

對於任意正整數m和大於1的正整數p，將集合{m,m+1,...,pm-1}中的每一個元素用p進位制表示。令h為介在1到p-1的正整數，將上述集合在p進位制下有i個h的元素個數記為fh,i(m,p)。本文引進一個創新的想法，讓函數 fh,i(m,p)公式解的推導變得可行且簡單。 再者，當 p=2 時，令 fi(m)= f1,i(m,2)，由公式解可以推得對怎樣的正整數n，原像集合the preimage fi-1({n})之元素個數為1。

The study aimed to resolve global phosphate scarcity by developing a cost-effective method for phosphorus recovery from industrial wastewater. In existing wastewater treatment, oxidizing phosphite ions (PHO32-) posed a significant challenge. However, our research aimed to develop an effective method for this oxidation process, crucial for phosphorus recovery in industrial wastewater treatment. By utilizing low-cost iron compounds and innovative catalysts, such as iodine obtained from seawater and copper, we achieved remarkable success. Our method demonstrated the ability to oxidize over 80% of PHO32- into phosphate ions (PO43-) within 120 minutes, overcoming the limitations of existing costly methods involving palladium catalysts or high-voltage conditioned ozone (O3). Moreover, the process exhibited profitability, with a gross profit of $1.84 per kilogram of phosphorus, presenting a drastic reduction in cost compared to conventional methods using palladium catalysts. This breakthrough not only offers sustainable wastewater purification but also promises a pathway for resource recovery. Additionally, our future prospects involve refining this method into a device capable of purifying industrial wastewater and recovering phosphorus, emphasizing sustainability and reduced power consumption through innovative techniques like using iron and carbon plates forming a battery. This novel technology represents a sustainable solution utilizing abundant resources such as iodine from seawater, iron, and calcium, paving the way for sustainable phosphorus resource recovery.

Substance losses, burns and injuries arising from various causes represent a constant problem encountered by homo sapiens throughout its existence. Rudimentary treatments, relatively effective and less effective, have left their mark on the way we perceive the presence and treatment of wounds caused by various factors. Searching through medical archives, we can trace the specific protocols for these medical conditions back to 2200 BC, when they were structured in three steps: 1) cleaning the skin lesion, 2) applying a dressing (from glue to various preparations) and 3 ) bandaging the skin lesion. Currently, the appearance of wounds on the skin is caused both by accidents in the performance of various activities and by certain diseases that manifest themselves through skin rashes or skin lesions. Their frequency is in the thousands, according to the latest statistics, affecting the majority of the population non-selectively. It is vital that skin lesions receive the necessary care and attention, commensurate with their severity. Being open wounds on the surface of the skin, it is essential that the treatment be meticulous and appropriate to their type, as skin lesions represent a threat to the patient's life. From infections to hydroelectrolytic imbalances specific to burns, the multitude of factors that influence healing highlight the need for a dressing that can be easily customized according to the specificity of the wound, the needs of the patient and that is affordable both from the point of view of production cost as well as its use, making death from skin lesions easily avoidable through an intelligent approach. One of the most complex biological processes and indispensable to humans is the healing of skin lesions. Healing involves a carefully regulated series of biochemical and cellular activities in tandem. Traditional therapies and substances of natural origin have been used to facilitate the regeneration process and accelerate the wound healing process, being applied with encouraging results. Despite the fact that these generally present a low cost, they can be more expensive than contemporary treatments and can be influenced by regional, seasonal factors, showing fluctuations from batch to batch, which could lead to unpredictable allergic reactions, side effects and inconsistent clinical findings. Currently, the standard of care for skin lesions is to clean the wound with antiseptic solutions to prevent infection, apply a dressing followed by bandaging to keep the dressing in place, and if necessary excision of the tissue that has become non-viable. In the case of diabetic ulcers, it is necessary to excise the tissue that has become non-viable and to maintain control over the level of glucose in the body.

AI (Artificial Intelligence) technology has developed very rapidly in recent years, to the point where it can make fake videos or photos called "deepfake''. According to Sumsub Identity Fraud Report 2023 just in the past year, in the APAC region the number of deepfakes has grown 1530%, in the philippines an astounding 4500% and in 馬來西亞 a 1000% increase, these numbers will continue to rise without a proper defense against them, With this rapidly developing technology, there are several threats from misuse deepfake, namely making fraud via video calls, fake videos to blame innocent people, and so on. Therefore, in this research project, an algorithm architecture will be created, namely a system and method used to detect "deepfake" images. The architecture of this algorithm involves convolution functions, neural networks, convolutional neural networks, data normalization functions, namely ReLu and SoftMax, and pooling. This architecture will then be trained over and over with 140,000 scrambled images, which then will make the architecture ready to be used. By researching and combining this algorithm architecture, a system is produced without a cost and with a final result of up to 90% accuracy and detection of 32 images faster than a human can blink.

In 2565 B.E., 泰國's elderly, comprising 18.3% of the population at 12,116,199, faced health challenges, with diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, arthritis, and lung cancer prevalent. Caregiving hurdles arose as many family members worked outside, impacting the care of elderly individuals with these conditions. To address this, the "SVMR Medication Reminder and Care Robot for the Elderly" was developed. Known as the Smart Versatile Medication Robot (SVMR) or "New Robot," it serves as a user-friendly solution for home-based elderly care. Recognizing the adverse effects of missed medication on health, the SVMR system, combining hardware (New Robot) and software (Application), aimed to alleviate caregiving burdens. The New Robot's hardware includes a customizable medication reminder system, a video call system, closed-circuit camera system, doctor's recommendation display system, and an SOS system for emergency assistance. The Application complements this with features like medication schedule setting, video call communication, activity tracking, daily schedule management, and live camera monitoring. During the SVMR prototype trial, one unit was tested, with developers' relatives trying the medication dispensing system. Positive results emerged, showcasing improved medication adherence among the elderly and affording caregivers more time for other responsibilities. Satisfaction levels, as assessed through interviews, were notably high. Elderly feedback suggested the need for additional compartments for different medications and enhanced notification methods, particularly when they were not in proximity to the medication cabinet. In essence, the SVMR system provides a comprehensive solution to the challenges faced by households with elderly members, ensuring better disease management, increased medication adherence, and support for caregivers, all within a concise and user-friendly framework.

本篇研究說明了不同週期波對於熱流場與火焰搖擺之相關原理與運動觀察。實驗中運用了重低音音響去進行週期波的擾動，而我們也從中觀測到許多現象， 如:火焰的週期性搖擺、共振等等。此外，研究包含了確認熱流場被週期波擾動 之可能性與其狀態，也在理論與分析過程中，不斷的經由多項實驗去支持我們自行推導出的偏離角度與火焰恢復時間之公式 tr ∝ 𝑎 1/2b0.55 ≃ √b/a = √𝛽/𝛼 1/(1-ρf/ρa)∙ℓ2/gR (1 − 𝑘θ)

To develop a mobile application that complements the Waka Kotahi Road to Zero campaign.Itaimstoincentivisesafedrivingbyidentifyingbehavioursandsituations that increase the risk of crashes and providing audio interventions.

Our project, the Autonomous Ecosystem Surveillance Robot, aims at closing the aquatic gap in biosecurity measures by including several functions, such as water quality monitoring, aquatic species monitoring, and seabed topology surveillance. Several instances have shown the need for such a system, as demonstrated below. The United States Corps of Engineers completed an electrich fish barrier in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal in 2002, in order to prevent the invasive Asian carp from moving into the Great Lakes. The introduction of the Asian carp into the Great Lakes would be an ecological disaster, as the Great Lakes provide an ideal habitat for the carp to proliferate, choking out native fish species that exist there. This would result in a major loss for the fishing industry in the area. One of the Great Lakes, Lake Erie, suffers annual algae blooms threats, which affect up to 12 million people in the Great Lakes region of the United States and Canada. These algae blooms are caused by runoff pollution, which occurs when rainfall washes fertilizer and manure from farmland into Lake Erie, fueling algae that can make water toxic to humans and animals alike. In addition, there are many existing customs regulations around the world that are set in place to ensure biosecurity of national ecosystems, such as in Taiwan, where it is illegal to bring pork from abroad. Despite this, there still exists a very large gap in biosecurity measures; that of the aquatic nature. Through these three functions, we have the ability to protect local aquatic biodiversity via the ability to detect invasive species, therefore allowing authorities to properly deal with them. This allows less harmful measures to be taken against them, thereby limiting collateral damage to endangered native species. Coupled with the ability to map bodies of water, the Autonomous Ecosystem Surveillance Robot is an extremely potent tool to preserve aquatic biodiversity and to ensure biosecurity of local waters.

Understanding species abundance is critical to managing and conserving planetary biodiversity. Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) are keystone species of cultural, economic, and ecological importance in Alaska and especially Southwest Alaska. Traditional methods of enumerating salmon such as weirs and visual surveys are often costly, time-intensive, and reliant on taxonomic expertise. Environmental DNA (eDNA), which identifies and quantifies species based on DNA they shed in their habitats, is a potential cost- and time- saving alternative. The relative ease of collecting eDNA samples also enables citizen scientist involvement, expanding research coverage. Currently, more research is required to define eDNA’s potential and limits. This project investigates whether quantitative eDNA metabarcoding can accurately quantify the abundances of six fish species: the five Pacific salmon species plus rainbow trout. Water samples were collected from eight creeks in the Wood River watershed of Southwest Alaska. eDNA metabarcoding and subsequent bioinformatics processing produced a read count for each species. These were compared to visual survey counts, taken to be the true counts for the purposes of this study. Data analyses showed a positive, linear relationship between visual survey count and eDNA count for sockeye salmon. The regressions were significant for both the early (p = 0.089) and late (p = 0.030) sampling dates when 𝛼 = 0.10. eDNA detections of non-sockeye species generally corresponded to visual survey observations of species presence or absence. Overall, the results of this study support eDNA’s potential to be an alternative or supplement to standard methods for the enumeration of fish species.

Global warming is a phenomenon in which the Earth's overall temperature rises as a result of increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Among the major greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide (CO2) is the primary greenhouse gas that contributes significantly to global warming [1,2]. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is rising due to human activities such as burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas), as well as changes in land use and vegetation [3]. Carbon dioxide and other gases, such as methane and nitrogen monoxide absorb infrared radiation and redirect it back to Earth, warming the planet [4]. This rise in temperature can impact ecosystems, climate, water resources, agriculture, public health, and societies in general [5]. To combat global warming and reduce carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere, many countries around the world, including Saudi Arabia, are working to achieve a vision to reduce carbon emissions by reducing their carbon emissions by 278 million tons per year by 2030 in line with the Paris Agreement, for climate. The Kingdom is committed to generating 50% of its electrical energy from renewable sources by 2030. In addition to the shift in the local energy mix, the Saudi Green Initiative is implementing a number of ambitious programs and projects to reduce emissions. These programs include investing in new energy sources, promoting energy efficiency, and expanding carbon capture and storage programs [6]. Through these initiatives, the Kingdom will be able to achieve its climate goals and establish a sustainable future (Figure 1). In addition, the Paris Climate Change Agreement includes 196 countries and the European Union, covering most of the world. This agreement aims to achieve carbon neutrality by taking measures to reduce carbon dioxide emissions [7].

Vitas is a combination of binaural beats (BB) with background white noise (ASMR) as accompanying music without reducing the quality of brain stimulation and is able to stimulate the left and right brain while synchronizing brain waves so that it can be used as a media for coping with stress for Gen Z students. To find out the effect Vitas in reducing stress levels, research was conducted on high school students belonging to Gen Z. This research aims to measure the stress index of students belonging to Gen Z, then find the effect of the combination of binaural beats (BB) and ASMR on students'stress levels, and finding the best audio combination to reduce stress levels as a coping mechanism. This research uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design using a one group pre-test-post-test design scheme. The sample in this study consisted of 105 students who were divided into seven treatment groups to listen to a combination of BB and ASMR with different bandwidths. Stress levels were measured using the DASS 42 stress section questionnaire which has been tested for reliability and validity. The results of the student stress index were 16.26 in the mild stress category. There was a significant difference between the negative group, the alpha + ASMR group and the positive group with a T-Paired test result of less than 0.05. Based on the results of the Post Hoc LSD test, it was found that the combination of binaural beats alpha (12hz) + ASMR was the best combination for reducing stress in students.These findings were developed into a digital therapy application product called "Vitas" as an alternative media for coping with stress for Gen Z.