According to the 2024 American Cancer Risk Survey, one in 24 individuals is at high risk of developing colon cancer. This condition is linked to gut microbiome instability. Consequently, there is a pressing need for a more effective and precise approach to maintaining gut microbiome stability, which this research aims to solve by finding the most crucial bacteria species in maintaining the stability of the gut microbiome through the application of Optimal Linear Feedback Control. Two of its variants being applied in this research are Sparsity Promoting Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQRSP) with a variety range of  (0.05, 44.58, and 49.84) and Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) ( = 0) along with other supporting methods; Controllability Gramian and Network Theory (graph analysis). The finding in this research shows that bacteria species Bacteroides hydrogenotrophica, Bacteroides uniformis, Bacteroides vulgaris, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Escherichia lenta, and Dorea formicigenerans have an important role for preventing and medicating a variety of gut-related diseases. This conclusion is reinforced by the analysis conducted using the Controllability Gramian, displaying five of the chosen bacteria with the highest controllability index, which demonstrates that the system can be effectively controlled. This finding suggests a potential for enhancing therapeutic strategies, rendering them more precise and systematic. To gain deeper insights into the relationship between each bacteria and the rationale behind the selection of these bacteria by LQRSP, this study also employs network theory, which successfully elucidates the choice of Bacteroides uniformis despite its low controllability index. Additionally, to further validate the efficacy of these bacteria, the research develops a simulation that compares the controlled system with the uncontrolled system, utilizing two types of disturbances. The results indicate a significant difference in robustness against disturbances between the controlled and uncontrolled systems. The findings from this research can be used as a foundation for a more efficient and systematic intervention strategy findings. By researching gut microbiome composition regulation using a mathematical approach, it opens new opportunities for new method discoveries aiming to increase the health of the gut microbiome which is beneficial for the medical field and prevention of gut related diseases.

為了永續利用土壤生態系服務，本研究分析線蟲族群變化監測土壤食物網，探討線蟲食物網與土壤養分調節相關性，實踐 SDGs中第 2項消除飢餓與第15項陸域生態。首先使用文獻分析法，建構模式觀察線蟲功能群演替，監測線蟲食物網組成評估土壤生態系服務，改善與結合過去僅探討環境干擾方式。觀察線蟲對土壤養分影響，結果顯示線蟲功能群多樣性、族群增長與交互作用 (資源重疊與演替等)可能提升土壤無機氮；不過推測因族群交互作用減弱或微生物過度被捕食，氨化能力在食物網發展初期(六週提升 37%)與後期 (六週僅提升16%)不同，需探討如何延續其氨化能力。將結合植物生長觀察線蟲食物網對植物影響。期望未來新模式進一步評估與標準化，用於監測土壤線蟲食物網組成並調節土壤，在農業管理與生態復育方面做出貢獻，為土壤永續利用提出新的可能。

團隊透過分析臺灣台灣周遭八個處海洋浮標測站資料，自2021年1月到2024年10月為止之示性波高、平均週期、平均風速、海溫等資料間之相關性，並試從不同位置測站之海洋條件與大氣因素，來綜合探討影響臺灣周遭海域波浪能蘊藏量的關鍵因素。並透過分析海溫與波浪能變化的關係，試圖瞭解全球暖化平均海溫上升，對臺灣周遭波浪能蘊藏的變化趨勢。 團隊發現影響臺灣周遭海域波浪能蘊藏的因素，除了季節性季風的影響，黑潮主流以及澎湖水道的黑潮支流湧升流，也都 可能 是影響臺灣周遭海域波浪能蘊藏的重要因素。團隊也發現，在臺灣周遭海域波浪能蘊藏與海溫變化有負相關的趨勢，此現象與臺灣中央研究院針對過去70年，全球波浪能的變化趨勢並不一致。其原因可能是臺灣所屬地理位置環境的關係，也可能是分析的數據資料僅有4年無法準確看出趨勢變化。

團隊透過分析臺灣台灣周遭八個處海洋浮標測站資料，自2021年1月到2024年10月為止之示性波高、平均週期、平均風速、海溫等資料間之相關性，並試從不同位置測站之海洋條件與大氣因素，來綜合探討影響臺灣周遭海域波浪能蘊藏量的關鍵因素。並透過分析海溫與波浪能變化的關係，試圖瞭解全球暖化平均海溫上升，對臺灣周遭波浪能蘊藏的變化趨勢。 團隊發現影響臺灣周遭海域波浪能蘊藏的因素，除了季節性季風的影響，黑潮主流以及澎湖水道的黑潮支流湧升流，也都 可能 是影響臺灣周遭海域波浪能蘊藏的重要因素。團隊也發現，在臺灣周遭海域波浪能蘊藏與海溫變化有負相關的趨勢，此現象與臺灣中央研究院針對過去70年，全球波浪能的變化趨勢並不一致。其原因可能是臺灣所屬地理位置環境的關係，也可能是分析的數據資料僅有4年無法準確看出趨勢變化。

本研究以電化學二氧化碳還原反應(CO2RR)技術將二氧化碳還原成高經濟能源燃料，使用水相合成法製備Cu/Zn銅鋅雙金屬奈米觸媒，改變金屬間的比例: Cu2Zn1、Cu1Zn1、Cu1Zn2以及通入N2/O2/H2 熱處理改變觸媒氧化態，而改變氧化態可以在化學性質、催化活性、電子結構等方面有重要影響使其催化出不同反應路徑，改變產物生產效率和選擇性。用能量散射光譜儀、X光繞射儀鑑定奈米觸媒間金屬比例和晶型;線性掃描伏安法和氣相層析儀探討二氧化碳還原法拉第效應和生產效能。結果發現Cu2Zn1-N2能產生最多的CH4，因改變氧化態使其效能高達53.03%; Cu1Zn2產生最多的CO，效能為44.99%，推論為鋅的比例較高所致。

Space Medicine and relevant sciences are still considered a new era; the first humankind steps toward the space took place since less than 60 years. It has been noticed the adverse effects of microgravity on the human body in different aspects, our concern here is the musculoskeletal aspect. On the ground we didn’t notice how we can stand up, or how our muscles and bones of the lower limbs can keep us standing up right. This is by a complicated process including the bones, the equilibrium, and the anti-gravitational muscles of the lower limbs which occurred without thinking about it. The force of Earth gravity against our bones of the lower limbs makes them harder and makes the muscles stronger, because they are interfacing the earth gravitational force every moment we are standing up, as per Newton’s third law (for every action in nature there is an equal and opposite reaction), such forces are unavailable in space and its effect being obvious on arrival to earth after long stay space flights, so being unable to keep standing upright easily on their arrival. On return to earth the routine medical examinations revealed loss of astronaut muscle mass and bone density particularly of their lower extremities because they did not use them in space for a long time. Currently, astronauts on board of ISS (International Space Station) they accomplish daily tasks including resistive exercises ARED “Advanced Resistive Exercise Device” in form of treadmill, ergometer, and weightlifting machine, to decrease the loss of bone density and muscle mass of their lower limbs. Despite their discipline to those exercises they still lose 1-2% of the muscle mass and bone density that give importance to add some protective measures to keep their muscles and bones healthy. Through this article, the idea is to make a device such AACT (Automated Alternative Compression/Traction) to be applied daily to the astronauts lower limbs as part of their daily exercise during space flight to give push/traction forces to astronauts lower limbs to prevent or at least decrease such loss, by AACT we are mimicking the gravitational force of earth on astounds lower limbs during long space flights to let them be healthy till they come back.

本研究探討臺灣常見的鋼筋華廈、鋼筋及鋼骨大樓，透過於地下室外牆與連續壁間填入非牛頓流體、牛頓流體及輕黏土，比較建物受震時加速度，發現地下結構中設置非牛頓流體減震裝置較牛頓流體、輕黏土更減震。而模擬器搖晃20-50秒時，非牛頓流體能顯著的減震，超過50秒後，非牛頓流體可能因沉澱而減震效果下降；在100秒後，無減震裝置的建築加速度上升，非牛頓流體再次出現明顯的減震效果；不同重心的建築質量分布導致不同的擴溶現象，使減震效果發生變化；較高的建物因力臂較長，重心高時產生較大的加速度。接著觀察光穿透吉利丁凍的偏折情形，發現受力面與地震方向垂直時，牆面受力明顯；若受力面和搖晃方向不垂直，柱的部分受力大，且觀察到力量有轉移的現象。最後，為建築設計超聲波測距模組，即時監測建築下陷或傾斜情形，以利即時修繕及重建。

The human gut microbiome is integral to digestion, overall health, and metabolic disorder imbalances. Recent advancements in fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) have highlighted the therapeutic promise of restoring healthy gut microbiota in populations with high incidences of diseases. Focusing on fecal DNA samples from healthy Asian individuals, this study examines the potential of novel Akkermansia strains, specifically Akkermansia muciniphila (Z62) and Akkermansia massiliensis (IR119), as next-generation probiotics for mitigating metabolic syndrome. A key aspect of the study is the investigation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are produced and play a crucial role in regulating metabolic processes. SCFAs such as butyrate, acetate, and propionate are essential for energy provision to colon cells and exerting anti-inflammatory effects. The methodology involves selecting two Akkermansia strains, analyzing them through 16S rRNA and WGS, evaluating their growth and survival rates under acidic and bile-salt conditions, alongside their cell adhesion capabilities. The study focuses on the production of key short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and tryptophan derivatives by bacteria in regulating metabolic processes, as well as their anti-inflammatory effects on colon cells. Through in vitro assays, both strains exhibited survival in acidic/bile-rich conditions, though Z62 demonstrated superior adhesion to Caco-2 cells, suggesting a higher colonization potential. Metabolomic analysis revealed both strains produce SCFAs, including propionic and acetic acids, and indole metabolites, such as indole-3-propionic acid and indole-3-acetic acid, which are known to influence lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. In adipocyte cell models, IR119 significantly reduced lipid accumulation, while Z62 increased lipid presence. Furthermore, IR119 reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, including IL-6 and TNF-α, suggesting potential for inflammation mitigation. The future potential of IR119 as a therapeutic probiotic is extraordinary in addressing complex metabolic and inflammatory diseases, which open new avenues for managing chronic inflammatory conditions like type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Future clinical trials could refine IR119’s efficacy, positioning it as a leading probiotic in preventive and therapeutic contexts.

硫磺菇（Laetiporus sulphureus）和桑黃菇（Sanghuangporus sanghuang）是東亞，特別是台灣森林中的兩種真菌。這些真菌的次級代謝物，特別是多醣，具有抗炎和抗癌的生物效應；其地面子實體長期被當地人作為傳統藥物使用。然而，這些藥用特性及其機制尚未充分研究。本研究旨在分析和量化這些真菌多醣的抗炎效果。從硫磺菇中提取硫酸化多醣，從桑黃菇中提取非硫酸化多醣，並使用水和乙醇進行多步純化。隨後，將純化後的產品餵給巨噬細胞進行體外測試以檢查其抗炎性。硫酸化多醣的最佳濃度為150 ppm，能夠最大程度地降低自由基濃度21.6%，且不影響細胞活力。相比之下，桑黃菇的所有多醣濃度均顯示出增強的細胞炎症，顯示其作為藥物無效，因為沒有去除真菌毒素。相比之下，硫磺菇的硫酸化多醣顯示出其藥用潛力，對生物醫學和生物探索領域具有新啟示。

本研究探討在一場圓桌會議中，n人逐一亂序入場找尋各自對應的名牌編號(1~n號)入座，其中1號第一個入場並坐到了k號位，此後入場的人們若發現與自己編號相同的位置是空的，就直接入座；若與自己編號相同的位置被占走了，就以逆時針方向尋找空位入座。在上述的規則下，若共有n 人，且 1 號坐到 k號位的情況，給予與問題相關統計量的組合證明。後續本研究將規則改為1 ~ p號 按照順序進場且皆想坐到 k 號位的前提下，探討了坐錯的人們是怎麼樣的循環和坐錯人數的次數分佈。並多數的研究結果皆與 stirling numbers of the first kind 有相關。 本研究還 探討了共有 n 人，且 1 號坐到 k號位的情況下， 坐錯人數的標準差函數的遞增情況 與對數函數完全曲線相關。

This study primarily investigates the components of food residues in the stomach of flying squirrels and the metabolism of the intestinal bacteria Floricoccus tropicus. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) hydrogen spectrum analysis, the signals of long-chain fatty acids were detected in both n-hexane and 75% ethanol extracts of flying squirrel gastric residues and acorns, suggesting that acorns may be a primary food source for the flying squirrels. The study also identified Floricoccus tropicus, one of the lactic acid bacteria, from the intestines of flying squirrels and discovered its role in the metabolism of fatty acids in acorns. Results showed that polyunsaturated fatty acids significantly decreased during fermentation, indicating that they were converted into short-chain fatty acids with anti-inflammatory properties. In the antibacterial activity experiments, the acorn grease showed no inhibitory effects before fermentation, but after fermentation, the acorn grease exhibited inhibitory effects against E. coli. Furthermore, in anti-inflammatory tests, fermented acorn grease samples significantly suppressed the production of NO and TNF-α in LPSinduced RAW 264.7 cells, with greater inhibition at higher concentrations. In conclusion, the lactic acid bacteria Floricoccus tropicus was found to metabolize fatty acids of acorns into compounds with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects.

硫磺菇（Laetiporus sulphureus）和桑黃菇（Sanghuangporus sanghuang）是東亞，特別是台灣森林中的兩種真菌。這些真菌的次級代謝物，特別是多醣，具有抗炎和抗癌的生物效應；其地面子實體長期被當地人作為傳統藥物使用。然而，這些藥用特性及其機制尚未充分研究。本研究旨在分析和量化這些真菌多醣的抗炎效果。從硫磺菇中提取硫酸化多醣，從桑黃菇中提取非硫酸化多醣，並使用水和乙醇進行多步純化。隨後，將純化後的產品餵給巨噬細胞進行體外測試以檢查其抗炎性。硫酸化多醣的最佳濃度為150 ppm，能夠最大程度地降低自由基濃度21.6%，且不影響細胞活力。相比之下，桑黃菇的所有多醣濃度均顯示出增強的細胞炎症，顯示其作為藥物無效，因為沒有去除真菌毒素。相比之下，硫磺菇的硫酸化多醣顯示出其藥用潛力，對生物醫學和生物探索領域具有新啟示。