Certain specially structured ceramics, which can be used as biomaterials to replace bone, have recently started being utilized in the medical field. The aim of this study is to produce high-bioactivity silica from corn cob waste, a widely available organic material in nature, and combine it with calcium oxide (CaO) obtained by grinding organic mussel shell waste with high bioactivity. This combination is intended to synthesize dicalcium silicate (2CaO.SiO₂) to develop an alternative tissue scaffold with high bioactivity, capable of replacing bone, for existing titanium alloys. The goal is to incorporate this scaffold into PEEK (polyether ether ketone), a novel tissue scaffold material, at varying percentages to create a next-generation innovative bone substitute material. An additional objective is to demonstrate through biocompatibility tests that the produced ceramic-polymer biocomposite exhibits antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.

Semisynthetic penicillin, Amoxicillin, is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is widely used to treat bacterial infections in children suffering ear, nose, and throat infections, genitourinary tract infections, skin infections, and lower respiratory tract infections1. This antibiotic works against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, such as Listeria monocytogenes, Haemophilus influenza, Streptococcus pneumonia , Streptococcus pyogene and Escherichia coli1,2. It shows antibacterial activity by inhibiting dd-transpeptidase, which maintains the integrity of the bacterial cell wall which results in bacterial cell death due to a fragile cell wall3. Nonadherence to medication was associated with 50% of drug-related hospitalizations in children4. In order to improve adherence and influence clinical outcome, it is important to acknowledge the importance of drug palatability to children4–6. The currently available liquid suspension form of this antibiotic is administered to patients through oral/GI routes. It is also available in capsules or tablets for adults7–9. In the gastrointestinal tract, the drug has to withstand variable pH conditions and enzymatic degradation , mucus and mucosal barriers to survive resulting in limiting drug bioavailability10,11. In addition to conventional drug delivery formulations, nanofibers can be used to deliver drugs orally, topically, and through buccal or transdermal routes12. Drug-loaded nanofibers offer many advantages as a delivery system, including their porous structure and their efficient delivery of various drugs and bioactive molecules including hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs12–14. Considering that amoxicillin palatability can affect children patients’ compliance and due to the advantages of both nanofiber drug delivery system and drug delivery through buccal routes, hence, this project aims to prepare flavored electrospun nanofibers loaded with amoxicillin to mask the unpleasant taste of the drug for treating children with bacterial infection. Nanofibers loaded with amoxicillin can be applied between the child's gum and cheek, allowing the fibers to dissolve in mucus and penetrate directly into the bloodstream.

阿茲海默症(AD)是導致失智症的主因，影響全球數千萬人。然而，AD目前的藥物大多昂貴且療效有限。目前已知腦內β類澱粉蛋白(Aβ)斑塊為AD的病理特徵，且大腦清除系統被認為對AD的治療具有重要性。先前研究發現非侵入性迷走神經刺激術(nVNS)增加腦脊髓液循環，但在神經退化疾病中的機制和應用尚不明確。本研究旨在探討nVNS增強大腦清除系統來作為AD新療法之成效，使用Aβ誘導之AD小鼠模型，利用巨視顯微鏡和免疫組織化學染色評估其膠淋巴系統功能，並以新奇事物測試評估認知功能。本研究發現於AD小鼠中，給予nVNS使大腦清除系統之水通道蛋白-4顯著增加、促進膠淋巴系統，進而改善認知功能。本研究首次發現nVNS可通過增強大腦清除系統功能，進而改善AD病理引起的失智症狀，支持nVNS作為AD新療法的可行性。

Impostor Syndrome, a psychological phenomenon where individuals doubt their abilities despite evident achievements, can hinder personal and academic development. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the interactive journal “I am Great Because of Me”, integrated with artificial intelligence (AI), in addressing Impostor Syndrome among high-performing students. The journal features innovative tools such as the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS) test accessible via QR code, self-acknowledgement pages, and virtual consultations powered by AI chatbots. These elements aim to support self-reflection, provide real-time diagnostics, and deliver actionable recommendations for users. The ADDIE model was employed for the journal's development, incorporating feedback from experts and users. Likert scales and Cohen’s D analysis were used to evaluate satisfaction, usability, and impact. Results showed that 90.1% of students expressed high satisfaction with the journal’s accessibility, interactivity, and capacity to enhance self-awareness and motivation. A pre-test and post-test conducted on the intervention group revealed a significant reduction in Impostor Syndrome by 42.5%, with an effect size of 2.84, categorized as "very large." Features such as the self-acknowledgement worksheets helped students recognize their strengths, while AI consultations offered additional psychological support. Expert validation emphasized the journal’s clarity, relevance, and objectivity, noting the absence of bias in AI-driven suggestions. The journal was praised for its accurate content, ease of use, interactivity, and the protection of user data, ensuring a safe and private environment for self-development. Students found the journal beneficial not only for addressing Impostor Syndrome but also for fostering personal growth and self-confidence. This research demonstrates the potential of combining psychological theories with AI-driven tools in education. The journal “I am Great Because of Me” effectively aids students in overcoming Impostor Syndrome and improving self-perception. It serves as a scalable solution for schools and individuals aiming to tackle similar psychological challenges. Future studies are encouraged to explore its application in broader contexts to maximize its impact.

The following issues associated with soil affected by wildfires were identified: First, there was a significant decline in the populations of anaerobic and aerobic soil bacteria, which play a critical role in the decomposition and cycling of organic matter. This decline resulted in reduced water retention capacity and porosity of the soil, leading to poor moisture retention and increased evaporation compared to unaffected soil. Moreover, the organic matter content in the soil was significantly depleted, inhibiting plant growth. Additionally, there was a notable proliferation of methane-producing bacteria, which contribute to the greenhouse effect. It was further observed that fire-damaged soils exhibit limited natural recovery, even over prolonged periods. .An investigation into the underlying causes of these problems revealed that actinomycetes, the primary microorganisms responsible for producing watersoluble aromatic compounds in soil, are particularly sensitive to heat compared to other bacterial species. Research demonstrated that the population and diversity of actinomycetes are significantly diminished in soils exposed to wildfires. To mitigate these issues, water-soluble aromatic compounds produced by actinomycetes were extracted and introduced into wildfire-affected soil. This intervention promoted the restoration of actinomycetes populations, enabling their normal growth in the affected soil. Consequently, various wildfire-induced soil problems were effectively resolved. These outcomes were confirmed through the study...Key Words: Actinomycetes, anaerobic and aerobic soil bacteria, methane-producing bacteria, wildfires, water-soluble aromatic compounds.

Formaldehyde is an air-borne, carcinogenic indoor pollutant. It may cause adverse effects on human health such as irritation of eyes and respiratory system. Shells of hermetia illucens, Black Soldier Flies (BSF) are leftovers when the insects mature from pupae to adults. BSF shells are rich in chitin which can be converted into chitosan by demineralisation and deacetylation. Chitosan and its ammonium salt (chitogel) can remove formaldehyde via condensation of water. In this investigation, the efficiency of removal of formaldehyde by different substrates were compared including shells of BSF before and after demineralization, deacetylation and action of vinegar; and common commercial products and Anti-Forma Chitogels made from shells of BSF and some crustaceans. Anti-Forma Chitogel of BSF was found to be effective in removing (91.2%) formaldehyde (1:20 by mass) among shells of BSF with different treatments and its efficiency was better than all commercial products tested. Concentration of formaldehyde in the container with deacetylated Anti-Forma Chitogel is 0.54 mg/m3. It removed 74.8% of formaldehyde compared to the control (2.14 mg/m3). Concentration of formaldehyde in the container with Anti-Forma Chitogel without deacetylation is 0.76 mg/m3 . It removed 64.5% of formaldehyde compared to the control (2.14 mg/m3). The Anti-forma Chitogel of BSF was found to be eco-friendly with high formaldehyde removal efficiency when placed in a drawer (removal of 54.8% of in 24 hours), the chamber of a newly renovated room (removal of 84.9% in 30 minutes reducing the conc. of formaldehyde from 0.53 mg/m3 to 0.08 mg/m3; cf. the safety limit of formaldehyde <0.125mg/m3) and drawers of a new wardrobe (removal of 83.7% at 20.2oC in 1 day reducing the conc. of formaldehyde from 0.49 mg/m3 to 0.08 mg/m3 & kept the conc. of drawers below 0.125mg/m3 most of the time over a month when temperature was below 21oC). Conc. of formaldehyde in air-tight boxes (5g of construction adhesive in 9.3 dm3) with air purifiers with and without Anti-forma Chitogel as filter before and after 3 hours was reduced by 44.5% (from 6.25mg/m3 to 3.47mg/m3 ) and 27.7% respectively showing that Anti-forma Chitogel as filter in air purifier outperformed that without by 160%. Besides, anti-forma Chitogel is antibacterial, so it would also kill bacteria when used in air purifiers. [1] proving that Anti-forma Chitogel is effective in removal of formaldehyde on the spot and can be applied to households. It can also help achieve Target 3.9 and 12.5 of the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations.

We invented the Midori which means green Bioreactor (MBR), beads of euglena and other microalgae fixed in calcium alginate that absorbs carbon dioxide (CO2). We examined the effect of 19 different solutions and two different organisms on MBR cultivation. Surprisingly, when the MBR was supplied with carbon dioxide or cultured with yeast, they became drastically darker green. Chromatography revealed this green color to be that of microalgae such as green algae or Euglena because chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were detected. Under sunlight, MBR absorbed CO2 and the absorption rate was 1.5 L CO2/day/1L of MBR. Furthermore, when we put MBR in the water tank, they increased the amount of dissolved oxygen without polluting the environment. These results indicate that MBR can absorb CO2 by photosynthesizing without leaking out the inside microalgae.

超音波已廣泛用於奈米粒子的製備，然可聽聞音對奈米粒子製備的影響卻少有研究。本研究以簡易喇叭裝置產生可聽聞音並在溶液表面產生法拉第波及內部流動，來輔助製備奈米鎳。法拉第波是一種表面非線性駐波，透過調整容器形狀、振動頻率等，可產生不同波形。本研究嘗試在法拉第波輔助下，以化學還原法及電沉積法製備出不同性質的奈米粒子。SEM量測並比較無輔助、法拉第波輔助、超音波輔助製備出的奈米鎳的形貌、分布的差異。並將其應用於有機物(即剛果紅、亞甲藍、4-硝基苯酚、2-硝基苯酚)之催化還原。而由SEM量測、催化還原結果及理論模擬反應熱可知，法拉第波確實能夠改善奈米鎳的粒徑大小、分散性、對氫的吸附能力及催化還原能力。

According to the 印尼n Association of Olefin Aromatic and Plastic Industries/INAPLAS, 2019 national plastic consumption still relies on plastic packaging at 65% and surprisingly, around 60% of plastic waste is absorbed by the food and beverage industry. The waste has been widely sought to be environmentally friendly, one of which is by developing biodegradable packaging. The purpose of this research is to make durian peel cellulose nanocomposites impregnated with TiO2 NPs, to form antibacterial properties against E. coli wild type and resistance. In this research, there are research methods consisting of nanocomposite synthesis, PSA test, FTIR, physical characteristics test and resistance test. The results analyzed that the nanocomposite nanocellulose-TiO2 NPs was successfully made using a 1:1 ratio and had a particle size of 458.7 nm based on the PSA test, which is classified as a nano size. The success of nanocomposite synthesis was proven by the results of FTIR analysis, which showed the formation of 698.65cm-1 and 1633.99cm-1 spectra, indicating the peak of TiO2 NPs and O-H functional groups on TiO2 NPs, as well as 1028.98cm-1 and 1158.42cm-1 showing C-O and C-O-C bonds in cellulose. The antibacterial test performed showed no significant activity in disc diffusion and well diffusion tests against E. coli wild type and resistance. This is potentially caused by inhomogeneous particle size variation. Physical characteristics test showed that the tensile strength test (0.075 > 0.0125 MPa) Durio Nano-Pack is superior to styrofoam, but the compressive strength test (0.125 > 0.875 MPa) shows the opposite. In this study, nanocomposite has a potential innovation that provides good mechanical properties and has a dual function mechanically as bio-based food packaging and chemically as antibacterial. Further research is needed to improve the particle size homogeneity of nanocomposites, modify the impregnation method, so that it has the potential to develop multifunctional materials that excel in various applications.

本研究先觀察著名的密克定理（Miquel theorem）與密克點（Miquel point），我們創新給出了新的研究項目，關注密克點𝑃與密克三角形的頂點所構成直線和原三角形𝐴𝐵𝐶三邊直線的其餘六個交點，這是前人沒有觸及的研究項目，從而定義旁接三角形與衍伸三角形。 我們先針對特殊型（直角）的構圖，發現滿足兩個衍伸三角形的有向面積 [𝐴1𝐵1𝐶1]=±[𝐴2𝐵2𝐶2] 時，𝑃 點形成的軌跡為原三角形的 Kiepert hyperbola 與外接圓，這個是有趣且重要發現，我們也進一步給出其幾何必然性。進一步考慮 [𝐴1𝐵1𝐶1]=𝑟[𝐴2𝐵2𝐶2] 時，則刻劃出 𝑃 點軌跡為圓錐曲線系。在前面的基礎下，再針對一般型（任意角）的構圖，若 𝑃 點位於原三角形外接圓及Kiepert hyperbola 與 Steiner circumellipse 的線性組合曲線上，此時兩個衍伸三角形 𝐴1𝐵1𝐶1 與 𝐴2𝐵2𝐶2 的有向面積比值為定值，且兩者恆為相反數。

Climate changes that include ocean acidification and global warming are serious problems in the ecosystem, affecting marine phytoplankton, including Nannochloropsis oceanica. In the effort to further explore the impact of rising temperature and carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentrations on oceanic ecosystems, the phytoplankton Nannochloropsis oceanica was used as a model organism. This study explored the effect of temperature change and CO₂ concentration on the growth of Nannochloropsis oceanica, achieving 243 samples that were tested with three different temperatures (24 degrees Celsius (°C), 28°C, 32°C) and CO₂ concentrations (0 milliliter (ml)/min, 0.4 ml/min, 0.6 ml/min), utilizing a hemocytometer counting method. Results indicate that the CO₂ concentration has a significant effect on the population of Nannochloropsis oceanica. But the temperature doesn't affect a lot. The Nannochloropsis oceanica in the lowest temperature and highest concentration of CO₂ in its environment had the highest population growth, and in the highest temperature and lowest concentration of CO₂, it had the lowest population growth. Results show the serious negative effect of climate change on the cosystem and the importance of environmental protection. Population blooms due to excess CO₂ taking up ocean resources causing dangerous ecological imbalances.

利用鏡檢大生熊蟲形態檢測蔬菜中硝酸鹽壓力，常有形態判別問題，本研究想利用其自體螢光開發新型檢測模式，利用硝酸鹽壓力下其活動與隱生比例差異與自體螢光強度關係，檢測硝酸鹽濃度。顯示其自體螢光最佳激發波長為488 nm，製作檢量線(R2=0.99)與自製裝置使用470nm波長激發以壓克力濾光(R2=0.97)可檢測0〜156 mg/L硝酸鹽，可改善鏡檢缺點，並嘗試應用，發現蔬菜硝酸鹽 (小白菜492mg/L)，超出其自體螢光檢測極限，且蔬菜萃取液會影響大生熊蟲自體螢光，目前能進行定性分析，後續將分析蔬菜中造成干擾物質，繼續評估其應用性。探討其螢光機制，利用組織切片，探討大生熊蟲自體螢光強度與表皮層厚度在隱生和活動狀態下，是否具有相關性，發現脫水樣本自體螢光強度與螢光面積較活動樣本無差異(p>0.05)，推測自體螢光強度會受到其隱生時體表收縮程度有關。