The surgical mask has been our daily companion since the outbreak of the Corona pandemic. The nonwovens (outer layers, not the filter membrane) from which the surgical mask is constructed consist of very long and thin polypropylene fibers. This leads to the question of whether microplastics are released during breathing through the surgical mask, which could enter the respiratory tract or the lungs. This would have a negative impact on our health, depending on the size of the detached fiber fragments - the smaller the worse because they can enter much deeper in our respiratory tract. In order to investigate the question of whether fiber fragments are released during breathing through a surgical mask, a filtration device was built. The filters were examined under an optical microscope after filtration. If fiber fragments would detach from the surgical mask, they would be found on the filter. Different surgical masks were tested, those that were not worn at all to surgical masks that were worn all day. It was found that fiber fragments were coming off the surgical masks. There were different fiber fragment types. Some fiber fragments were still undamaged (exhibited nice fractures), while others were frayed. Clump-like fragments occurred, but also smaller fine fiber fragments. All these different fiber fragments had a certain size, so that they could be called microplastics. The remarkable result of the whole study is that there is a direct correlation between the wearing time of the surgical mask and the number of detaching fiber fragments. In the case of the unworn surgical masks, 10 times fewer fiber fragments occurred during filtration than in the case of the surgical masks that were worn all day.

腦部腫瘤是沉默殺手， 藏匿在腦中數十年。 一旦發作，通常都會造成巨大的影響。雖有數種高階儀器，可以檢測。但檢測過程繁複、 等待時間以及價格， 對於民眾都是不小的負擔。 腦部腫瘤的診斷方式為： 神經內、 外醫生會用筆燈對患者做初步的瞳孔光反應檢查。 藉由患者瞳孔縮小的速率，判斷是否要安排進階的檢查。但此行為仰賴醫生的經驗，沒有統一的方法及數據可供判斷。 本研究設計一款成本約$1,300 元， 重量僅 159 g，圓柱直徑與柱高皆約為 7cm 的隨身裝置。 藉由 MCU 控制攝影機， 頂部 1.44 吋 TFT 螢幕可即時顯示患者眼部狀態，檢查結果計算後， 也會立即顯示在螢幕上。除提供醫護人員即時數據化的解讀患者狀態。更協助醫護人員在做瞳孔光刺激檢查時，有科學化的標準。

Staphylococcus aureus is addressed as one of the most common pathogens in hospital settings and in the community. This pathogen causes invasive infections, sepsis, and death. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is due to bacterial mutations and the use of antibiotic drugs that are not by procedures. Resistance makes MRSA infections difficult to treat, resulting in high healthcare costs. These problems lead to an urgent need to find alternative drugs to control MRSA infection. Therefore, developing new drugs and procedures such as antibacterial nanoparticles, are particularly promising. Indonesia has many medicinal plants with antibiotic activity, including Moringa oleifera. Moringa oleifera contains several active compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins which are known to have antibiotic activity. Silver nanoparticles or AgNPs are currently used as antimicrobial agents because they are toxic to prokaryotic cells (bacteria) but relatively safe for eukaryotic cells. AgNP synthesis mediated by M. oleifera extract has the advantages of being non-toxic, pollution-free, and environmentally friendly. Sisal is a potential source of naturally derived fabric and a prospective source of multifunctional textiles. Recent studies have utilized and functionalized sisal to develop composite materials. However, functionalizing of sisal using nanosilver-based materials has not been studied yet. Bioactive chemicals from plant-extracted nanoparticles also provide additional antimicrobial properties. This study aims to produce AgNPs mediated by M. oleifera leaf extract and to analyze its antimicrobial effect on MRSA growth. The powdered Moringa (4g) was boiled with 100 ml of distilled water (550 C) for 15 minutes. The mixture was filtered through Whatman No 1 filter paper and store refrigerated. The nanoparticle was synthesized by rinsing sisal fabric cloth to several concentrations of AgNO3 (1mM, 10mM, and 20mM) with Moringa extract. Nanoparticle synthesis from AgNO3 done with the help of Moringa oleifera extract. The resulting AgNPs have MIC values (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) and MBC (Minimum Bacteriocidal Concentration) of 1.25 mg/ml. The resulting silver nanoparticles showed antibiotic activity against MRSA with an average inhibition zone diameter of 15.677 mm. XRD and SEM studies are going to be held to support the data.

Helping in overcoming the motion disorders is an important thing which deserve striving for. Every year number of people who have MS or paresis (paraparesis) is increasing. The device has effective results for the patients and it backs to finding the conditions of natural treatments in the device. Obviously, this device helps them to keep standing and achieve the required exercises the movement like normal people by using their hands. The degree of improvement differs from person to another as depends on the hardness of the disease and injury kind.

Lower limb amputations affect about 28.9 million people worldwide, influencing normal human functions, we are developing a conscious brain mind-controlled Cybonthitic cyborg bionic-leg to provide a professional solution for this problem, which is classified as restricted knee movement, short-term solution, limited pressure bearing, unspecific analog reading of EMG; Because the output voltage measured in nano-volts, resulting in unspecific knee movement. The functionality of these modern gadgets is still limited due to a lack of neuromuscular control (i.e. For movement creation, control relies on human efferent neural signals to peripheral muscles). Electromyographic (EMG) or myoelectric signals are neuromuscular control signals that can be recorded from muscles for our engineering goals. We worked on a sophisticated prosthetic knee design with a 100-degree angle of motion. We also used a specific type of coiled spring to absorb abrupt or unexpected motion force. In addition, we amplified the EMG output from (Nano-Voltage) to (Milli-Voltage) using customized instrumentation amplifiers (operational amplifiers). We used a full-wave rectifier to convert AC to DC, as a consequence of these procedures, sine-wave output voltage measures in millivolts, and the spring constant indicates the most force for every 1cm. Von mises Stress analysis shows bearing as 3000N is the maximum load for the design. Detecting the edge of a stairwell using the first derivative. The benefit of a system that controls the prosthetic limb is activated by the patient’s own EMG impulses, rather than sensors linked to the body.

「少數決遊戲」就是針對N個玩家詢問一些只能回答是或否的問題，而問題回答不必符合實際狀況，由少數一方獲勝，這個部分的定義與少數派賽局（Minority Game）中的定義相同，不同處為獲勝者須進入下一輪的問題，直到剩下一位或兩位玩家為止，由剩下玩家獲得最後的N單位獎金，但所有人需償還原來遊戲開始時所付出1單位的代價。前作「詐欺遊戲之少數決」[1]即對該問題作詳細的探索，但僅限於一組結盟人數。本作品是將前作內的獲利期望值與演算法作進一步的發展討論，並對結盟人數超過必勝結盟人數時的期望值變化做討論，得到賽局理論中的「少數派博弈」類似的結論。本作品更進一步討論兩組結盟人數的結果與期望值，後續的變化有些類似賽局理論。

Citarum River is the longest and largest river in West Java. The upstream of the Citarum River starts from Mount Wayang, Bandung Regency and ends at the mouth of the Java Sea which is located in Muara Gembong, Bekasi Regency. The Citarum River plays an important role as raw water for PDAM drinking water, supplies electricity in Java-Bali and provides water for rice field irrigation in West Java. Citarum watershed is dominated by the manufacturing industry sector such as chemicals, textiles, leather, paper, pharmaceuticals, metals, food and beverage products, and others. Based on data from the World Bank, every day, the Citarum River is polluted by approximately 20,000 tons of waste and 340,000 tons of waste water with the majority of the waste contributors coming from 2,000 textile industries. By looking at these events, there is no doubt that the sustainability of the ecosystem and the environment in the Citarum River is damaged and polluted. (Zahra Fani Robyanti; 2020). The West Java Regional Environmental Management Agency stated that the content of E. coli bacteria in the Citarum River had increased. The bacteria that cause diarrhea come from industrial and household waste. In addition to E. coli bacteria, other pollutants in the Citarum River that have increased are biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and Suspended Solids. One of the efforts that can be done regarding E. coli bacteria that pollute the Citarum river is to make it as a substrate for Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC). Bacteria present in organic media convert organic matter into electrical energy. The nature of bacteria that can degrade organic media (enrichment media) in MFC produces electron and proton ions. It is these ions that produce an electric potential difference so that energy can be generated. Generally in conventional systems, MFC consists of two chambers consisting of anode and cathode chambers. The two spaces are separated by a membrane where proton exchange occurs. This system has not fully worked with bacteria because only the anode side contains bacteria, while on the cathode side it still works using chemical compounds such as Polyaluminum Chloride (PAC). However, recently MFC has been developed using bacteria at the cathode, or better known as biocathode. Bacteria in the cathode space have the same function as electron mediators that were previously carried out by chemical compounds. In many studies on MFCs, acetate is commonly used as a substrate for bacteria to generate electricity. These chemical compounds are easier for bacteria to process than wastewater. Acetate is a simple chemical compound that serves as a carbon source for bacteria. Another advantage of acetate is that this compound does not cause other reactions to bacteria such as fermentation and methanogenesis at room temperature. Based on this thought, the author will design a study entitled Utilization of Escherichia coli Bacteria in Contaminated Water in the Citarum River as a Dual Chamber Based Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) Substrate.

本作啟發自線上的影片「Can you solve the giant iron riddle?」，內容是在有外觀無法辨認的4顆有電與4個沒電的電池中，在一次只能取2顆電池測試的限制下，以最少的次數找到2顆有電電池的方法，結論是以分組的方式進行測試會有較佳的結果。本作先驗證影片的方法有效後再進行推廣，得到找出2顆有電電池較佳的方法為分組法或直接取法。再嘗試推廣至取3顆電池的情形，發現除了分組法與直接取法外，還可使用「X2Y1循環檢查法」。最後改良「X2Y1循環檢查法」後，不但可以有系統地測試所有可能的情形以外，能更有效地減少測試次數，提高尋找有電電池組的效率。

Carbon Monoxide is a very toxic and dangerous that threatens our life and can cause sudden illness and death. It is the most abundant, by mass, pollutant gas generated by the engine due to the lack of oxygen and thus presented in our lives. It is true that the oxidation catalyst absorbs carbon monoxide from the exhaust of cars during combustion. But that is not enough, the catalyst is only effective when the exhaust temperature is high (more than 400°C) which is not available in a short path. To protect ourselves from this toxic gas, we must find solutions and innovative ideas to fulfill this objective. And this is how our project was created. Our focus in this project is to create a filter that can absorb carbon monoxide using the minimum of energy possible. It will be more efficient unlike the traditional method that not only needs high range of temperature (higher than 400°C) but also takes a long period for the reaction to occur.

Explorations in mathematics are limited due to the negative image and perspective about Mathematics itself in high school. However, some topics in mathematics are found interesting in high schools such as geometry and sequences. Therefore, this research will look at the explorative development of Ford Circle that creates some interesting results while combined with other theories and geometry. The main focus of this research is to address and explore the ford circle with its connection to the Sierpinski Triangle in hyperbolic geometry. The investigation and exploration will focus on the properties of geometry in the hyperbolic plane, the fractal geometry of Ford Circle and Euclidean fractals through a hyperbolic perspective that brings a fascinating correlation between all the topics discussed in this research.

我們研究的問題源自於〝棋盤上的蛇〞(Snakes on a chessboard) ，是由教授Richard Stanley所提出。問題如下：在 棋盤形格子上，蛇由任意一格出發，但蛇的走法只能往右→，往上↑，或停住。若此蛇已停住，將由另一條蛇來走，且不同蛇走過的格子不可重疊。證明：將 棋盤形格子完全覆蓋的總方法數為費氏(Fibonacci)數列某些項的乘積。 我們以〝生成格〞概念來解決問題，藉由生成格建立二維棋盤形格子〝蛇填充數〞與費氏關係，並試圖拓展三維空間棋盤情形，在過程中發現藉由〝生成矩陣〞可以組成空間棋盤的〝生成格〞，並以此解決p×q×r的空間棋盤問題。 2022年9月，在網站The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences上發現由教授 Greg Dresden及其學生Aarnav Gogri提出的數列，與我們2022年3月於高雄市發表的科展作品中的一組數列完全對應，甚而對此數列的原問題Tiling a Hexagonal Strip with Triangles and Diamonds，我們的作品還能做進一步延伸探討。

本研究旨在利用組合數來分析第二類斯特靈數在模質數下的性質。研究分為五階段：第一階段我們參考O-Yeat Chan等人的論文，並改良了其證明過程，得到一個同餘組合數。第二階段利用第一階段的奇偶性定理發現(3n n)與𝑆(2𝑛,𝑛)同餘mod2並改良論文證明，使得證明更易推廣。第三階段我們更推廣到更一般的結論：滿足𝑆(𝑝𝑛, 𝑛)≡(p'n n)(𝑚𝑜𝑑2)時，p與p'是線性關係。第四階段與第五階段繪製熱圖時，我們發現圖中存在謝爾賓斯基三角形，對此進行了研究，並成功證明斯特靈數三角形在模2與模3下具有碎形結構與謝爾賓斯基三角形，這是文獻中都沒有探討過的。