一天爸爸帶我們一家人到陽明山去玩，還照了許多相，又用三腳架為全家人照相。我忽然想到三腳架為什麼不像椅子一樣用四支腳呢？回學校後就將這個疑問，請教老師。

我們成功的用溶氣計偵測到了聚球藻 RF-1 在 28℃下光合作用的概日韻律。和傳統的研究方法比起來，這個方法具有連續偵測的優點，減少因不斷取樣所造成的影響，此實驗可觀察到聚球藻 RF-1 溶氣量之變化圖與一般藻類（如單殼縫藻）不同.在光 /暗條件下 RF-1 之溶氣量的增加與減少均呈週期性變化，而且此變化現象在進入連續照光後仍然可以維持兩個循環以上，這些結果顯示以溶氣計連續偵測聚球藻 RF -1之概日韻律是可行的，而且所得到的變化圖形遠比傳統方法（於不同時間取樣）所得者自然。本實驗同時發現含聚球藻之培養液的溫度，在進入黑暗週期時會有明顯的上升，由於其變化程度比其他藻類明顯，如加以探討應有助於對此藻以及其韻律特性之瞭解。We successfully detected the photosynthesis circadian rhythm of the prokaryote Synechococcus RF-1 under 28℃ by a DO (Dissolved-Oxygen) meter. The advantage of this method, comparing with the traditional methods, is that it can detect signals continuously, reduce the influence of discrete sampling. The DO curves of the Synechococcus RF-1 are different from that of other algae. Under Light/Dark conditions, the DO values of RF-i increased and decreased periodically. The periodic phenomena progressed over two cycles under constant lighting conditions. These results revealed the feasibility of using DO meter to continuous detect the circadian rhythm of the Synechococcus RF-1 The detected DO curves looked more natural than those obtained in the traditional discrete-sampling method. We also found that the temperature of the culture increased in dark cycle. Since the variation is clearer than that of other algae, further investigation will benefit the understanding of the Synechcoccus RF-i and its circadian rhythm.

現在地球面臨到資源不足、溫室效應等環境問題，太陽能的利用顯得越來越重要！如果能夠找到一種更省錢利用太陽能板的方法，相信會對太陽能的利用有更大的效益！於是，我便想要研究：如何能夠省錢的使用太陽能板發電的方法！我進行了六個研究，分別得到了以下結論：1.陽光直射時發電效果比斜射強。2.離太陽燈越近，電流越高，電壓也越高，電功率也越高。3.當鏡子越多時，發電功率越高。最高可達 3.44 倍。4.加裝火鏡時，發電功率會變高，最高可達?2.18?倍。5.加裝兩片鏡子後可省下 71.8％成本！加裝一片火鏡後可省下 45.7％成本！最後，自己設計出省錢有效的「超效！太陽能板」。其發電倍數最高可達原本的 2.22 倍！你看，是不是很有經濟價值呢！

(一)我們再虎山溪找到了--網石蠶稚蟲、蜻蜓幼蟲(春蜓科、晏蜓科、勾蜓科、弓蜓科)、豆娘幼蟲(細蟌科)、錐螺等生物，代表虎山溪的污染程度並不嚴重，水質尚屬良好。(二)水棲生物具有定居性，可以反應局部地域性的狀況，也可以顯現長期污染及各種污染對生物的綜合效果。(三)水中附生的藻類長生長在固定的石頭上，經過水質環境變化的長期衝擊，能適應水質的藻屬自能在此繁殖，使族群擴大，不能適應水質的藻屬便會減少，甚至消失。(四)矽藻藻屬指數(GI)＝(曲殼藻屬Achnanthes＋卵形藻屬Cocconeis＋橋彎藻屬Cymbella/小環藻屬Cyclotella＋直鏈藻屬Melosira＋菱形藻屬Nitzschia)(五)矽藻藻屬指數(GI)值的大小與水質的好壞成正相關，其值越大，水質越好，實際對應關係如下：A:極輕微污染GI＞30B:微汙染30＞GI＞11C:輕度污染11＞GI＞1.5D:中度污染1.5＞GI＞0.5E:嚴重污染GI＜0.5(六)以虎山溪目前的水質而言：水棲生物與矽藻藻屬指數(GI)在水質污染的判定上沒有顯著的差別，可以作為互相參考的依據，若能再參酌理化參數，在水質的判斷上會更加更完整。(七)矽藻藻屬指數(GI)，在水污染的分析上有其方便性；在採樣時，對河川生物、棲地所造成的破壞性也較輕微，對學生而言，使用的器具較容易掌握，所以，是監測河川水質一個理想的研究方法。(八)根據矽藻藻屬指數(GI)顯示：虎山溪為輕度污染的溪流，應加強宣導前往該處休閒遊憩的遊客們有水質保護的觀念，對於上游農家也應一並宣導，避免水質進一步惡化。

去年暑假，我們從Newton雜誌得知，布洛貝爾博士(Dr. Gunter Blobel)由於發現了蛋白質如何在細胞之間運送，增進了人們對遺傳性疾病的了解，因而榮獲1999年的諾貝爾醫學獎。同為高分子鏈的DNA，在基因遺傳工程中常被用來在強電場的情況下穿破細胞膜，以進行基因的改造，其穿的物理機制又為何?在一場演講中，我們知道鍵振盪模型(bond-fluctuation model)可用來模擬高分子系統，因此我們想以之模擬DNA在強電場下穿透細胞膜的行為。

全球暖化造成水災頻繁，嚴重威脅植物生存。看似耐淹水的水稻，在完全淹水下亦有其生存危機。水稻FR13A 因耐水性極佳而常用於分子育種，IR64 產量高卻不耐水。是那些特質使稻種間有不同耐水機制？我們觀察其幼苗淹水24 小時後生長情形、通氣組織 (aerenchyma) 變化及應用即時反轉錄聚合?鏈反應 (real time RT-PCR)，研究酒精醱酵的主要蛋白質：乙醇脫氫? (alcohol dehydrogenase, ADH1, 2) 及丙酮酸脫羧? (pyruvate decarboxylase, PDC2) 基因之表現量。兩種水稻的胚鞘及根都因淹水減緩生長，以FR13A 減緩最明顯。通氣組織在淹水期間都有增加，FR13A 中的形成近似於對照組，IR64 則明顯較差。FR13A 中ADH1 及ADH2 在淹水一小時後迅速增加60 至100 倍，IR64 僅增加10 至20 倍。PDC2 在IR64 中表現量的增加幅度較大，但最大值仍小於FR13A 之基礎表現量。由此可知，FR13A 在完全淹水時成長減緩而原有通氣組織則持續生長，且酒精醱酵中的基因有獨特誘導反應，因此耐水性較佳。藉由此研究揭開水稻細胞及分子生物學上的耐水反應策略，將可更精準地改良稻作使其對抗淹水逆境，解決未來因環境造成的糧食危機。Global warming increases the frequency of flooding, which drastically reduces the growth and survival of plants. Although rice (Oryza sativa) appears well-adapted to flooding of roots as it is often farmed in paddies, problems arise when the whole plant is submerged in water. I am interested in the structural and molecular responses that result in different submergence tolerances in rice cultivars. Indica rice FR13A is submergence-tolerant and frequently used in molecular breeding for this trait, while IR64 is a high-yield but submergence-intolerant cultivar. In this study, I monitored the growth rate, aerenchyma formation, and gene expressions of the carbohydrate metabolism in FR13A and IR64 seedlings subjected to submergence for 24 hours, by means of real time RT-PCR and microarray. FR13A had prominently inhibited coleoptile growth and sustained levels of aerenchyma formation whereas IR64 did not. The mRNA levels of alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (ADH1) in FR13A was induced prominently, while ADH2 was induced in IR64 during early hours of submergence. The induction of pyruvate decarboxylase 2 in FR13A was stronger than IR64. The expression of sucrose synthase was similar in both strains. Expressions of the genes involved in anaerobic carbohydrate metabolism were also studied by analyses of microarray data. My findings demonstrate that elongation quiescence, persistent aerenchyma formation and shifts in anaerobic carbohydrate metabolism gene expressions are beneficial strategies of FR13A towards submergence. Through elucidating the molecular basis of coordinating submergence tolerance genes as this study provided, it will be possible to discover multiple traits associated; hence crop improvement for flooding tolerance could be achieved.

有一次我在趣味數學中發現一顆翻硬幣的題目，我發現很有趣又簡單，於是我花了幾小時將硬幣由正面翻到反面，並做好記錄，從記錄中居然可以發現一些規律性，而且硬幣數愈多，排法也變化愈多，於是我開始做記錄找資料，研究這千變萬化而又有趣的問題。

筆者將K?Cr?O?置於明膠溶液中煮沸，加入AgNO?水溶液，使之造成空間震盪反應。產生Liesegang ring。並且在研究空間震盪的過程中，筆者在研究過程中同時發展出一個程式，可以完成空間震盪實驗完成之後，由其震盪條紋的時空關係，得知ksp與擴散係數。或者可以在已知ksp和擴散係數的條件之下，預測出空間震盪實驗完成時的情形。We put K?Cr?O? into glutin, boiling it. After it concretizes, add AgNO? aqua into the glutin of K?Cr?O?. It is made to be space oscillation reaction with the Liesegang rings. And when we research for the process of space oscillation, we develop a program which can know the Ksp or diffusing coefficient after finising an experiment in Lablratory. Or we can predict the statement after the experiment on the condition of the Ksp and diffusing coefficient.

本研究成功解析以綠光雷射經過單狹縫產生的繞射光強度分布，有別於一般高中使用之單狹縫繞射實驗教具組，僅能測出光屏上亮暗紋的間距，且可分析之明暗帶數目甚少，進一步思考，這些量測結果皆不為球面波光分佈情形，所以勢必產生誤差。本自製機構加入巧思，建立旋轉平面分析繞射光強度，得到球面波的解，並透過對數放大器電路進行數據處理，可提升觀察解析度至第40亮帶。同時使用的材料皆成本低廉。應用上，可量測未知狹縫之寬度。另有鑑於市售之儀器價格昂貴，若此機構可以透過推廣量產，將提升高中課程對於單狹縫繞射進階的認識。

The temperature of the water was commonly higher and both of electrodes were oxidized during electrolysis by using alternating current, but the above happenings were only found at the positive electrode by using direct current. It can be explained by the principle of the microwave stove. The exchange of the current causes the water molecules to release heat. The strength and weakness of electrolytes, the length and width of the electrodes, and the frequency of the alternating current can affect the rate of electrolysis of water. Commonly speaking, the stronger the electrolyte is, the faster the rate of electrolysis will be. NaOH and HNO3 are strong electrolytes, but the amount of the gas is zero during electrolysis by using alternating current. Maybe both of electrolytes react with stainless-steel electrodes to form some kinds of protective layers to affect the conduction of current. When copper bars, carbon bars, and iron nails are used as electrodes, either the alternating current or direct current is used, the amount of the gas is very small. Maybe these electrodes react with oxygen produced during electrolysis to form oxidized layers to block the conduction of current. Long and wide electrodes produce more amount of the gas. The amount of the gas increases when the frequency of the alternating current increases. The longer the distance between electrodes is, the smaller the amount of the gas will be. The smaller the angle between electrodes is, the smaller the amount of the gas will be, too. When the number of multiple electrodes in parallel increases, the total amount of the gas almost increases. The amount of the gas is smaller at the farther electrode. The amount of the gas at the electrode at the same distance becomes smaller when the number of multiple electrodes in parallel increases. At the same voltage, the effective current of the alternating current is about 0.707 of that of direct current. So we can predict that the total amount of the gas elect rolyzed by alternating current must be about 0.707 of the total amount of the gas electrolyzed by direct current. When we used stainless-steel electrodes and the electrolyte- H2SO4, we found the ratio was about 0.4286. Maybe the system of the electrolysis of water doesn’t obey the ideal linear system of Ohm’s Law and some part of electrical energy is wasted by increasing the temperature of the water and the oxidization of electrodes. 交流電解普遍水溫較高且兩極都有被氧化現象，直流電解則只有正極有上述現象，可能是交流電有類似微波爐的原理，電流交替時造成水分子震盪發熱。電解質強弱、電極種類、電極長短粗細、交流電頻率會影響電解水速率：強電解質較快，但NaOH 、KNO3 雖是強電解質，在交流電解時，氣體產生量幾乎是零，這可能是他們與不銹鋼電極反應形成某種保護層而影響導電；以銅棒、碳棒、鐵釘為電極時，不管是交流電或直流電，氣體體積都很小，這可能是這些電極和產生的氧氣反應，形成氧化層阻礙了導電；長的和粗的電極氣體產生量較多；交流電頻率越大，則電解所產生的氣體量也隨之增加；電極之間的距離越大兩極的氣體體積越小；兩電極之間的角度越小，兩極的氣體體積越少；多重電極並聯的個數越多，總氣體體積約略越大，距離越遠的氣體體積越小，同距離的氣體體積隨並聯的個數越多氣體體積越小。在相同電壓下，交流電輸出的均方根電壓(電流)為直流電電壓(電流)的0.707 倍(1/√2)，所以推測交、直電解水的氣體總體積比值也應為0.707，但我們以不銹鋼為電極、H2SO4 為電解液下比值為0.4286，這可能是本電解水系統並非為遵守歐姆定律的理想線性系統，且電解水時部分電能被消耗在水溫的升高及電極的氧化上。